Chlormequat niigenzura ry'imikurire y'ibimeraIkoreshwa ryabyo mu bihingwa by'ibinyampeke riri kwiyongera muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Ubushakashatsi ku burozi bwerekanye ko chlormequat ishobora kugabanya uburumbuke no kwangiza umwana uri mu nda ku rugero ruri munsi y'urugero rwemewe rwa buri munsi rwashyizweho n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura. Aha, turatangaza ko chlormequat iri mu nkari zakusanyijwe n'abaturage ba Amerika, aho igipimo cyo kubimenya cya 69%, 74%, na 90% mu nkari zakusanyijwe mu 2017, 2018-2022, na 2023, uko bikurikirana. Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2022, igipimo gito cya chlormequat cyabonetse mu nkari, naho kuva mu 2023, igipimo cya chlormequat mu nkari cyariyongereye cyane. Twabonye kandi ko chlormequat yabonetse kenshi mu bicuruzwa by'ingano. Ibi byavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi n'amakuru y'uburozi bwa chlormequat biteza impungenge ku gipimo cy'uburozi buriho ubu kandi bisaba ko hakorwa isuzuma ryimbitse ry'uburozi, kugenzura ibiribwa, n'inyigo z'ibyorezo kugira ngo hasuzumwe ingaruka za chlormequat ku buzima bw'abantu.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo bwa mbere bwo kubona chlormequat, ikinyabutabire cy’ubuhinzi gifite uburozi bw’iterambere n’imyororokere, mu baturage ba Amerika no mu biribwa byo muri Amerika. Nubwo urugero nk’urwo rw’ikinyabutabire rwabonetse mu nkari kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2022, urugero rwo hejuru cyane rwabonetse mu cyitegererezo cyo mu 2023. Iki gikorwa kigaragaza ko hakenewe igenzura ryagutse rya chlormequat mu biribwa no mu bipimo by’abantu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ndetse n’uburozi n’uburozi. Ubushakashatsi ku ndwara za chlormequat, kuko iki kinyabutabire ari ikintu cyanduye cyagaragaye ko gifite ingaruka mbi ku buzima ku rugero ruto mu bushakashatsi ku nyamaswa.
Chlormequat ni imiti ikomoka ku buhinzi yanditswe bwa mbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1962 nk'umugenzuzi w'imikurire y'ibimera. Nubwo ubu yemerewe gukoreshwa ku bimera by'imitako gusa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, icyemezo cy'Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cya Amerika cyo mu 2018 (EPA) cyemereye kwinjiza ibiryo (bikunze kuba ibinyampeke) byavuwe na chlormequat [1]. Mu bihugu by'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, Ubwongereza na Kanada, chlormequat yemerewe gukoreshwa ku bihingwa by'ibiribwa, cyane cyane ingano, ingano na sayiri. Chlormequat ishobora kugabanya uburebure bw'igiti, bityo ikagabanya amahirwe y'uko ibihingwa bihinduka, bigatuma gusarura bigorana. Mu Bwongereza no mu Bumwe bw'u Burayi, chlormequat muri rusange ni yo miti yica udukoko iboneka cyane mu binyampeke n'ibinyampeke, nk'uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bw'igihe kirekire bwo gukurikirana [2, 3].
Nubwo chlormequat yemewe gukoreshwa ku bihingwa mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'i Burayi na Amerika ya Ruguru, igaragaza imiterere y'uburozi bushingiye ku bushakashatsi bw'amateka n'ubwasohotse vuba aha ku nyamaswa. Ingaruka zo kwanduzwa na chlormequat ku burozi bwo kubyara no kubyara zasobanuwe bwa mbere mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1980 n'aborozi b'ingurube bo muri Danemark babonye ko ubushobozi bwo kubyara bugabanuka mu ngurube zororerwa ku binyampeke byatewe na chlormequat. Ibi byaje gusuzumwa mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari bwagenzuwe mu ngurube n'imbeba, aho ingurube z'ingore zahawe ibinyampeke byatewe na chlormequat zagaragaje imvururu mu mikorere ya estrous no mu guhuza ugereranije n'inyamaswa zagenzuwe zahawe indyo idafite chlormequat. Byongeye kandi, imbeba z'ingabo zagaragaye kuri chlormequat binyuze mu biryo cyangwa amazi yo kunywa mu gihe cyo gukura zagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo gufumbira intanga bugabanuka. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku burozi bwo kubyara bwagaragaje ko kwanduzwa na chlormequat mu bihe bikomeye byo gukura, harimo gutwita no mu gihe cyo hambere, byateje gutinda kwandura, kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kugenda kw'intanga, kugabanuka k'uburemere bw'ingingo z'igitsina gabo, no kugabanuka k'urugero rwa testosterone. Ubushakashatsi ku burozi bwo gukura bwerekana kandi ko kwanduzwa na chlormequat mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora gutera gukura kw'umwana uri mu nda no kudakora neza mu mubiri. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko nta ngaruka za chlormequat ku mikorere y’imyororokere mu mbeba z’ingore n’ingurube z’ingabo, kandi nta bushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwagaragaje ingaruka za chlormequat ku burumbuke bw’imbeba z’ingabo zahuye na chlormequat mu gihe cy’imikurire n’ubuzima bwa nyuma yo kubyara. Amakuru adafite aho ahuriye na chlormequat mu nyandiko z’uburozi ashobora guterwa n’itandukaniro ry’ibipimo n’ibipimo by’ibizamini, ndetse n’amahitamo y’ibinyabuzima by’icyitegererezo n’igitsina cy’inyamaswa zakoreweho ubushakashatsi. Kubwibyo, iperereza ryinshi rirakenewe.
Nubwo ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku burozi bwerekanye ingaruka za chlormequat ku iterambere, kubyara no ku mikorere y’imisemburo, uburyo izi ngaruka z’uburozi zibaho ntabwo buzwi. Hari ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko chlormequat ishobora kudakora binyuze mu buryo busobanutse neza bw’ibinyabutabire bihungabanya imisemburo, harimo na estrogen cyangwa androgen receptors, kandi ko idahindura imikorere ya aromatase. Ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko chlormequat ishobora guteza ingaruka mbi binyuze mu guhindura imikorere ya steroide no gutera stress ya endoplasmic reticulum.
Nubwo chlormequat iboneka ahantu hose mu biribwa bisanzwe byo mu Burayi, umubare w’inyigo zisuzuma imiterere y’ibinyabuzima zipima imiterere y’abantu kuri chlormequat ni muto cyane. Chlormequat imara igihe gito mu mubiri, hafi amasaha 2-3, kandi mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bantu bakora ku bushake, ingero nyinshi z’igerageza zakuwe mu mubiri mu masaha 24. Mu bipimo rusange by’abaturage baturutse mu Bwongereza na Suwede, chlormequat yabonetse mu nkari za hafi 100% by’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi ku nshuro nyinshi n’ibipimo byayo kurusha izindi miti yica udukoko nka chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, thiabendazole na mancozeb metabolites. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku ngurube bwagaragaje ko chlormequat ishobora no kuboneka mu maraso kandi ishobora kwimurirwa mu mata, ariko izi matrices ntizigeze zigwa ku bantu cyangwa izindi nyamaswa zigerageza, nubwo kuba iri mu maraso no mu mata bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’ingaruka mbi z’imyororokere zikomoka ku miti. . Hari ingaruka zikomeye zo guhura n’iyi ndwara mu gihe cyo gutwita no ku bana bato.
Muri Mata 2018, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika cyatangaje urwego rwemewe rwo kwihanganira chlormequat mu bihingwa by’ingano, ingano, sayiri, n’ibindi bikomoka ku matungo, bituma chlormequat yinjizwa mu biribwa byo muri Amerika. Ingano y’ibihingwa byemewe byazamuwe mu 2020. Kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka z’ibi byemezo ku kugaragara no gukwirakwira kwa chlormequat mu baturage bakuru bo muri Amerika, ubu bushakashatsi bw’igerageza bwapimye ingano ya chlormequat mu nkari z’abantu baturutse mu turere dutatu twa Amerika kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2023 no mu 2022, hamwe n’ingano ya chlormequat mu bihingwa by’ingano n’ingano byaguzwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2023.
Ingero zakusanyijwe mu turere dutatu tw’isi hagati ya 2017 na 2023 zakoreshejwe mu gupima urugero rw’inkari rwa chlormequat mu baturage ba Amerika. Ingero 21 z’inkari zakusanyijwe ku bagore batwite batamenyekanye neza bemeye igihe cyo kubyara nk'uko biteganywa n'amabwiriza yemewe n'Ikigo Gishinzwe Isuzuma ry’Ibikorwa (IRB) yo mu 2017 ya Kaminuza y’Ubuganga ya Carolina y’Epfo (MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA). Ingero zabitswe kuri dogere selisiyusi 4 kugeza ku masaha 4, hanyuma zishyirwa kuri dogere selisiyusi -80. Ingero 25 z’inkari z’abantu bakuru zaguzwe muri Lee Biosolutions, Inc (Maryland Heights, MO, USA) mu Gushyingo 2022, zigaragaza urugero rumwe rwakusanyijwe kuva mu Kwakira 2017 kugeza Nzeri 2022, kandi zakusanyijwe ku bakorerabushake (abagabo 13 n’abagore 12).) ku nguzanyo yatanzwe mu ikusanyirizo rya Maryland Heights, muri Missouri. Ingero zabitswe kuri dogere selisiyusi -20 ako kanya nyuma yo gukusanywa. Byongeye kandi, ingero 50 z'inkari zakusanyijwe n'abakorerabushake bo muri Florida (abagabo 25, abagore 25) muri Kamena 2023 zaguzwe muri BioIVT, LLC (Westbury, NY, USA). Ingero zabitswe kuri dogere selisiyusi 4 kugeza igihe ingero zose zakusanyijwe, hanyuma zigashyirwa kuri dogere selisiyusi -20. Isosiyete itanga serivisi yabonye uburenganzira bwa IRB bwo gutunganya ingero z'abantu no kwemera gukusanya ingero. Nta makuru bwite yatanzwe mu ingero zose zapimwe. Ingero zose zoherejwe muri konje kugira ngo zisesengurwe. Amakuru arambuye ku ingero aboneka mu mbonerahamwe y'amakuru ashyigikira S1.
Isuzuma rya chlormequat mu nkari z'abantu ryakozwe na LC-MS/MS muri Laboratwari y'Ubushakashatsi ya HSE (Buxton, UK) hakurikijwe uburyo bwashyizwe ahagaragara na Lindh et al. Byahinduwe gato mu 2011. Muri make, ingero zateguwe hifashishijwe 200 μl y'inkari zitayunguruwe na 1.8 ml ya 0.01 M ammonium acetate irimo internal standard. Ingero zakuwemo hakoreshejwe HCX-Q column, zibanza gushyirwamo methanol, hanyuma zigashyirwamo 0.01 M ammonium acetate, zigasukurwa na 0.01 M ammonium acetate, hanyuma zigashyirwamo 1% formic acid muri methanol. Ingero zashyizwe ku nkingi ya C18 LC (Synergi 4 µ Hydro-RP 150 × 2 mm; Phenomenex, UK) hanyuma zitandukanywa hakoreshejwe isocratic mobile phase igizwe na 0.1% formic acid:methanol 80:20 ku gipimo cy'amazi cya 0.2. ml/min. Impinduka z'ibisubizo zatoranijwe hakoreshejwe spectrometry y'ubusa zasobanuwe na Lindh et al. 2011. Umupaka wo kubimenya wari 0.1 μg/L nk'uko byagaragajwe mu zindi nyigo.
Igipimo cya chlormequat mu nkari kigaragazwa nka μmol chlormequat/mol creatinine hanyuma kigahindurwamo μg chlormequat/g creatinine nk'uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bwabanje (kuba inshuro 1.08).
Anresco Laboratories, LLC yagerageje ingero z'ibiribwa by'ingano (25 zisanzwe n'8 z'umwimerere) n'ingano (9 zisanzwe) kuri chlormequat (San Francisco, CA, USA). Ingero zasesenguwe hakoreshejwe impinduka hakurikijwe uburyo bwasohotse [19]. LOD/LOQ ku ngero z'ingano mu 2022 no ku ngero zose z'ingano n'ingano mu 2023 zashyizwe kuri 10/100 ppb na 3/40 ppb, uko bikurikirana. Amakuru arambuye ku ngero aboneka mu mbonerahamwe y'amakuru ashyigikira S2.
Igipimo cya chlormequat mu nkari cyashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe aho giherereye n'umwaka cyakusanyirijwe, usibye ingero ebyiri zakusanyijwe mu 2017 ziturutse muri Maryland Heights, muri Missouri, zashyizwe mu byiciro n'izindi ngero zo mu 2017 zaturutse muri Charleston, muri Carolina y'Epfo. Ingero ziri munsi y'umupaka wa chlormequat zafashwe nk'ijanisha ryo gupima rigabanyijemo imizi kare ya 2. Amakuru ntabwo yakwirakwizwaga mu buryo busanzwe, bityo ikizamini cya Kruskal-Wallis kitari ikigereranyo n'ikizamini cyo kugereranya byinshi cya Dunn byakoreshejwe mu kugereranya ikigereranyo hagati y'amatsinda. Imibare yose yakozwe muri GraphPad Prism (Boston, MA).
Chlormequat yabonetse mu nkari 77 muri 96, zigize 80% by'inkari zose. Ugereranyije n'ingero zo mu 2017 na 2018-2022, ingero zo mu 2023 zabonetse kenshi: ingero 16 kuri 23 (cyangwa 69%) na 17 kuri 23 (cyangwa 74%), uko bikurikirana, na 45 kuri 50 (ni ukuvuga 90%). ) zapimwe (Imbonerahamwe ya 1). Mbere ya 2023, ingero za chlormequat zabonetse mu matsinda abiri zari zingana, mu gihe ingero za chlormequat zabonetse mu nkari zo mu 2023 zari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ingero zo mu myaka yashize (Ishusho ya 1A, B). Ingano y’ibipimo bya chlormequat yabonetse mu 2017, 2018-2022, na 2023 yari mikorogarama 0.22 kugeza 5.4, 0.11 kugeza 4.3, na mikorogarama 0.27 kugeza 52.8 za chlormequat kuri garama imwe ya creatinine, uko bikurikirana. Igipimo cy’impuzandengo ku bipimo byose byo mu 2017, 2018-2022, na 2023 ni 0.46, 0.30, na 1.4, uko bikurikirana. Aya makuru agaragaza ko chlormequat ishobora gukomeza bitewe n’uko igice cy’ubuzima cya chlormequat kimaze igihe gito mu mubiri, aho ingano y’ibipimo bya chlormequat iba nke hagati ya 2017 na 2022 n’ingano y’ibipimo bya chlormequat iri hejuru muri 2023.
Igipimo cya chlormequat kuri buri nkari gitangwa nk'ingingo imwe ifite utudomo turi hejuru y'ikigereranyo n'ikosa tugaragaza ikosa risanzwe rya +/-. Igipimo cya chlormequat mu nkari kigaragazwa muri mcg ya chlormequat kuri garama imwe ya creatinine ku gipimo cy'umurongo n'igipimo cya logarithmic. Isesengura rya Kruskal-Wallis ridafite parameter ku itandukaniro ryakoreshejwe n'ikizamini cya Dunn cyo kugereranya inshuro nyinshi ryakoreshejwe mu gupima akamaro k'imibare.
Ingero z'ibiribwa byaguzwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2022 na 2023 zagaragaje urugero rwa chlormequat rushobora kugaragara mu bicuruzwa byose bya oat gakondo uretse bibiri muri 25, aho ingano ya chlormequat iri hagati ya 291 μg/kg, bigaragaza ko chlormequat iri mu bihingwa bya oat. Ubusanzwe abantu barya imboga gusa ni benshi. Ingero zakusanyijwe mu 2022 na 2023 zari zifite impuzandengo isa: 90 µg/kg na 114 µg/kg, uko bikurikirana. Urugero rumwe gusa rw'ibicuruzwa umunani bya oat by'umwimerere rwari rufite chlormequat ingana na 17 µg/kg. Twabonye kandi ko chlormequat ari nkeya muri bibiri mu bihingwa icyenda by'ingano byapimwe: 3.5 na 12.6 μg/kg, uko bikurikirana.
Iyi ni raporo ya mbere y’ibipimo bya chlormequat mu nkari ku bantu bakuru batuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu baturage batari mu Bwongereza na Suwede. Imiterere y’imiti yica udukoko mu bangavu barenga 1,000 muri Suwede yagaragaje igipimo cya chlormequat 100% kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2017. Igipimo mpuzandengo mu 2017 cyari mikorogarama 0.86 za chlormequat kuri garama ya creatinine kandi bisa nkaho byagabanutse uko igihe cyagiye gihita, aho igipimo cyo hejuru cyane cyari 2.77 mu 2009. Mu Bwongereza, biomonitoring yasanze igipimo cy’icyiciro cya chlormequat kiri hejuru cyane cya mikorogarama 15.1 za chlormequat kuri garama ya creatinine hagati ya 2011 na 2012, nubwo ibi bipimo byakusanyijwe mu bantu batuye mu turere tw’ubuhinzi. Nta tandukaniro ryagaragaye mu bijyanye no gupimwa. Icyorezo cya spray[15]. Ubushakashatsi bwacu ku cyitegererezo cya Amerika kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2022 bwagaragaje ko igipimo cy’impuzandengo kiri hasi ugereranije n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere mu Burayi, mu gihe mu 2023 igipimo cy’impuzandengo cyari kimeze nk’icy’Abanyasuwede ariko kiri hasi ugereranyije n’icy’Ubwongereza.
Iri tandukaniro mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uturere n’igihe rishobora kugaragaza itandukaniro mu mikorere y’ubuhinzi n’uko chlormequat ihagaze, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku rugero rwa chlormequat mu bicuruzwa by’ibiribwa. Urugero, ubwinshi bwa chlormequat mu nkari bwari hejuru cyane mu 2023 ugereranije n’imyaka yashize, bishobora kugaragaza impinduka zijyanye n’ibikorwa by’amategeko ya EPA bijyanye na chlormequat (harimo n’aho chlormequat igarukira mu biribwa mu 2018). Ibiryo byo muri Amerika bizatanga mu gihe cya vuba. Kongera amahame y’ikoreshwa ry’ingano bitarenze 2020. Ibi bikorwa byemerera gutumiza no kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byavuwe na chlormequat, urugero, bivuye muri Kanada. Ihindagurika riri hagati y’impinduka mu mategeko ya EPA n’ubwinshi bwa chlormequat bwabonetse mu nkari mu 2023 rishobora gusobanurwa n’ibintu byinshi, nko gutinda mu ishyirwaho ry’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bikoresha chlormequat, gutinda kw’ibigo byo muri Amerika mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi, n’abantu ku giti cyabo, barimo guhura n’ihungabana mu kugura ingano bitewe no kugabanuka kw’ibicuruzwa bishaje cyangwa bitewe n’igihe kirekire cy’ibicuruzwa by’ingano.
Kugira ngo tumenye niba ingano yabonetse mu nkari zo muri Amerika igaragaza ko chlormequat ishobora kugaragara mu mirire, twapimye chlormequat mu bikomoka ku ngano n'ingano byaguzwe muri Amerika mu 2022 na 2023. Ibikomoka ku ngano bikubiyemo chlormequat kenshi kurusha ibikomoka ku ngano, kandi ingano ya chlormequat mu bikomoka ku ngano zitandukanye iratandukanye, aho impuzandengo ya 104 ppb, ishobora kuba iterwa n'ibitangwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, bishobora kugaragaza itandukaniro mu ikoreshwa cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka ku ngano byavuwe na chlormequat. Mu buryo bunyuranye, mu bikomoka ku biribwa byo mu Bwongereza, chlormequat iboneka cyane mu bikomoka ku ngano nk'umugati, aho chlormequat yabonetse muri 90% by'ibikomoka ku ngano byakusanyijwe mu Bwongereza hagati ya Nyakanga na Nzeri 2022. Impuzandengo y'ingano ni 60 ppb. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, chlormequat yanabonetse muri 82% by'ibipimo by'ingano y'ubwoya mu Bwongereza ku mpuzandengo ya 1650 ppb, inshuro zirenga 15 ugereranyije n'ibipimo byo muri Amerika, ibi bishobora gusobanura ubwinshi bw'inkari bwagaragaye mu bipimo byo mu Bwongereza.
Ibisubizo byacu byo kugenzura ibidukikije bigaragaza ko chlormequat yabayeho mbere ya 2018, nubwo kwihanganira chlormequat mu mirire bitaramenyekana. Nubwo chlormequat itagenzurwa mu biribwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi nta makuru y'amateka agaragaza ingano ya chlormequat mu biribwa bigurishwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bitewe n'igihe gito cy'ubuzima bwa chlormequat, dukeka ko iyi ndwara ishobora kuba iy'ibiribwa. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bya mbere bya choline mu bikomoka ku ngano n'ifu y'amagi bikunze gukora chlormequat mu bushyuhe bwinshi, nk'ibikoreshwa mu gutunganya no gukora ibiribwa, bigatuma chlormequat iba hagati ya 5 na 40 ng/g. Ibisubizo byacu byo gupima ibiribwa bigaragaza ko bimwe mu bipimo, harimo n'ibikomoka ku bimera, byari birimo chlormequat ku rugero rusa n'urwavuzwe mu bushakashatsi bwa chlormequat isanzwe, mu gihe ibindi bipimo byinshi byari bifite urugero rwinshi rwa chlormequat. Bityo, urugero twabonye mu nkari kugeza mu 2023 rushobora kuba rwaratewe n'uko chlormequat yakozwe mu gihe cyo gutunganya no gukora ibiribwa. Igipimo cyagaragaye muri 2023 gishobora guterwa n’imirire ya chlormequat yakozwe mu buryo butunguranye hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byavuwe na chlormequat mu buhinzi. Itandukaniro mu isuzuma ryacu rishobora guterwa n’aho duherereye, imiterere itandukanye y’imirire, cyangwa chlormequat ikoreshwa mu kazi iyo ikoreshejwe mu bigega by’ubuhinzi n’ibigo by’indembe.
Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko hakenewe ingero nini n'ibiryo bitandukanye byavuwe na chlormequat kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza amasoko y'imirire ashobora kuba afite chlormequat mu bantu bafite ikibazo gito. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza burimo isesengura ry'inkari n'ibiryo bya kera, ibibazo by'imirire n'ibyo mu kazi, gukurikirana chlormequat mu biribwa bisanzwe n'ibikomoka ku bimera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hamwe n'ingero zo gukurikirana ubuzima bizafasha gusobanura ibintu bisanzwe bituma chlormequat igaragara mu baturage ba Amerika.
Mu myaka iri imbere, birashoboka ko urugero rwa chlormequat rwongerwa mu nkari n'ibiryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ruzakomeza kugaragara. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, chlormequat yemewe gusa mu bihingwa by'ingano n'ingano bitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kirimo gusuzuma ikoreshwa ryayo mu buhinzi mu bihingwa byo mu gihugu bitari ibya kijyambere. Iyo iyo mikoreshereze y'ibiribwa mu gihugu yemejwe hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhinga chlormequat mu mahanga no mu gihugu, urugero rwa chlormequat mu bihingwa by'ingano, ingano, n'ibindi bihingwa bishobora gukomeza kwiyongera, bigatuma urugero rwa chlormequat rugaragara mu bantu benshi. Abaturage bose bo muri Amerika.
Ubushakashatsi bwa none bwa chlormequat muri ubu buryo ndetse no mu bundi bugaragaza ko abantu ku giti cyabo batanze ingero za chlormequat ku rugero rwari munsi y’igipimo cyatanzwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cya Amerika (RfD) (0.05 mg/kg y’uburemere bw’umubiri ku munsi), bityo biremewe. Ifunguro rya buri munsi riri munsi y’ingano y’ifunguro ryatangajwe n’Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (ADI) (0.04 mg/kg y’uburemere bw’umubiri ku munsi). Ariko, tubona ko ubushakashatsi bwasohotse ku bushakashatsi bw’uburozi bwa chlormequat bugaragaza ko kongera gusuzuma ibi bipimo by’umutekano bishobora kuba ngombwa. Urugero, imbeba n’ingurube zabonye doze ziri munsi ya RfD na ADI (0.024 na 0.0023 mg/kg y’uburemere bw’umubiri ku munsi, uko bikurikirana) byagaragaje kugabanuka k’uburumbuke. Mu bundi bushakashatsi bw’uburozi, igihe cyo gutwita, kugaragara ku doze zingana n’urwego rw’ingaruka mbi (NOAEL) rwa 5 mg/kg (rwakoreshejwe mu kubara doze yatanzwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cya Amerika) byagize ingaruka ku mikurire y’umwana uri mu nda no ku mikorere ye, ndetse n’impinduka mu miterere y’umubiri. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza agenga ibyo bintu ntareba ingaruka mbi z’ibinyabutabire bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bw’imyororokere, byagaragaye ko bigira ingaruka ku nyongeramusaruro cyangwa zihuza ku rugero ruri hasi ugereranije n’ibinyabutabire ku giti cyabyo, bigatera ibibazo ku buzima bw’imyororokere. Guhangayikishwa n’ingaruka zijyanye n’urugero rw’ibinyabutabire ubu, cyane cyane ku bafite urugero rw’ibinyabutabire rwinshi mu baturage muri rusange mu Burayi no muri Amerika.
Ubu bushakashatsi bw’igerageza ku bintu bishya bya shimi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwerekana ko chlormequat iboneka mu biribwa byo muri Amerika, cyane cyane mu bikomoka ku ngano, ndetse no mu nkari nyinshi zabonetse zakusanyijwe n’abantu bagera ku 100 muri Amerika, bigaragaza ko chlormequat ikomeje kwanduzwa. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo by’iyi mibare bigaragaza ko urugero rw’ibiyobyabwenge rwiyongereye kandi rushobora gukomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza. Bitewe n’impungenge z’uburozi zijyanye n’ibiyobyabwenge bya chlormequat mu bushakashatsi ku nyamaswa, ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage muri rusange ku binyabuzima bya chlormequat mu bihugu by’i Burayi (kandi ubu bikaba bishoboka ko biri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), hamwe n’ubushakashatsi ku ndwara z’ibyorezo n’inyamaswa, hakenewe byihutirwa Gukurikirana chlormequat mu biribwa no mu bantu Chlormequat. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’iyi shimi mu buhinzi ku rwego rw’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-04-2024