Kwinjizaimiti yica udukokoinshundura zamadirishya (ITNs) kumatwi yuguruye, idirishya, no gufungura urukuta mumazu adafite ingufu nigipimo cyo kurwanya malariya. Irashoborairinde imibukuva mu rugo, gutanga ingaruka zica na sublethal kuri malariya kandi bishobora kugabanya kwandura malariya. Niyo mpamvu, twakoze ubushakashatsi ku byorezo by’indwara mu ngo za Tanzaniya kugira ngo dusuzume akamaro k’urusenga ruvura udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza malariya.
Mu Karere ka Charinze, muri Tanzaniya, ingo 421 zahawe inshingano ku matsinda abiri. Kuva muri Kamena kugeza Nyakanga 2021, inzitiramubu zirimo deltamethrine na synergiste zashyizwe kuri eva, idirishya, no gufungura urukuta mu itsinda rimwe, mu gihe irindi tsinda ritabikoze. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, igihe cyimvura kirangiye (Kamena / Nyakanga 2022, ibisubizo byibanze) hamwe nigihe gito cyimvura (Mutarama / Gashyantare 2022, ibisubizo byanyuma), abagize urugo bose bitabiriye (bafite amezi 6) bapimishije PCR umubare wanduye malariya. Ibyavuye mu cyiciro cya kabiri harimo kubara imibu yose kuri buri mutego nijoro (Kamena / Nyakanga 2022), ingaruka mbi nyuma yukwezi kumwe nyuma yo gushyirwa neti (Kanama 2021), hamwe na chemobioavailability hamwe n ibisigara nyuma yumwaka ukoreshejwe neti (Kamena / Nyakanga 2022). Urubanza rurangiye, itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura naryo ryakiriye inzitiramubu.
Ubushakashatsi ntibwashoboye gufata imyanzuro kubera ubunini bw'icyitegererezo budahagije kubera ko abaturage bamwe banze kwitabira. Ikigeragezo kinini cya cluster-randomized igeragezwa, nibyiza ko hashyirwaho ecran ya idirishya ivurwa hamwe nudukoko twica udukoko twinshi, birakenewe kugirango dusuzume icyo gikorwa.
Umubare w’indwara ya Malariya wasesenguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa protocole, bivuze ko abantu bakoze ingendo mu byumweru bibiri mbere y’ubushakashatsi cyangwa bafashe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa malariya batashyizwe mu isesengura.
Kubera ko umubare w’imibu wafashwe mugihe cyisuzumabumenyi wari muto, gusa icyitegererezo kibi cyahinduwe na binomial regression ku mubare w’imibu yafashwe nijoro na buri mutego wakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane umubare w’imibu mucyumba.
Mu ngo 450 zujuje ibisabwa zatoranijwe mu midugudu icyenda yose, icyenda ntizatanzwe kubera ko zidafite ibisenge cyangwa idirishya rifunguye mbere yo gutoranya. Muri Gicurasi 2021, ingo 441 zakorewe ibintu byoroheje byashyizwe mu byiciro n'umudugudu: ingo 221 zahawe itsinda rya sisitemu yo guhumeka neza (IVS), naho 220 isigaye mu itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura. Ubwanyuma, 208 mumiryango yatoranijwe yarangije kwishyiriraho IVS, mugihe 195 yagumye mumatsinda yo kugenzura (Ishusho 3).
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko ITS ishobora kuba nziza mukurinda malariya mumyaka runaka, amazu yimiturire, cyangwa mugihe ikoreshwa ninzitiramubu. Kugera ku bicuruzwa byo kurwanya malariya, cyane cyane inzitiramubu, byavuzwe ko ari bike, cyane cyane mu bana bakuze mu ishuri. Kuba inshundura nke mu ngo bigira uruhare runini mu gukoresha ingo mu ngo, kandi abana bageze mu kigero cy’ishuri bakunze kwirengagizwa, bityo bikaba intandaro yo kwandura malariya ikomeje. ITS irashobora gutanga uburinzi kuri iri tsinda, bityo ikuzuza icyuho cyo kurinda mugukoresha net. Amazu yimyubakire yabanje guhuzwa no kwandura malariya; nk'urugero, gucamo inkuta z'ibyondo no mu mwobo mu bisenge gakondo byorohereza imibu. Icyakora, nta kimenyetso cyemeza iki kirego; isesengura ryamatsinda yo kwiga ukurikije ubwoko bwurukuta, ubwoko bwigisenge, hamwe no gukoresha ITNs byerekanye ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura nitsinda rya ITN.
Nubwo ingo zikoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya imibu yo mu ngo (ITS) zifite imibu mike ya Anopheles yafashwe kuri buri mutego nijoro, itandukaniro ryabaye rito ugereranije ningo zidafite ITS. Umubare muto wo gufata mu ngo ukoresheje ITS urashobora guterwa nuburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ubwoko bw’imibu bwigaburira kandi bukarara mu ngo (urugero, Anopheles gambiae [50]) ariko bushobora kutagira ingaruka nziza ku moko y’imibu ishobora kuba ikorera hanze (urugero, Anopheles africanus). Byongeye kandi, ITS iriho ubu ntishobora kuba ikubiyemo uburyo bwiza kandi buringaniye bwa pyrethroide na PBO bityo rero, ntibishobora kuba byiza bihagije kurwanya pyrethroid irwanya Anopheles gambiae, nkuko bigaragara mubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu gice cya kabiri [Odufuwa, ibizaza]. Igisubizo gishobora nanone guterwa nimbaraga zidahagije zimibare. Kugirango umenye itandukaniro rya 10% hagati yitsinda rya ITS nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura rifite ingufu za statistique 80%, ingo 500 zasabwaga kuri buri tsinda. Kugira ngo ibintu birusheho kuba bibi, ubushakashatsi bwahuriranye n’ikirere kidasanzwe muri Tanzaniya muri uwo mwaka, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwiyongereye ndetse n’imvura yagabanutse [51], ibyo bikaba byashoboraga kugira ingaruka mbi ku mibu ya Anopheles no kubaho kwayo [52] kandi bikaba byaratumye igabanuka ry’imibu muri rusange mu gihe cy’inyigisho. Ibinyuranye, nta tandukaniro rito ryagereranijwe mubucucike bwa buri munsi bwa Culex pipiens pallens mumazu afite ITS ugereranije namazu adafite. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere [Odufuwa, igiye kuza], iki kintu gishobora guterwa nubuhanga bwihariye bwo kongeramo pyrethroide na PBO muri ITS, bigabanya ingaruka ziterwa nudukoko twangiza imiyoboro ya Culex. Byongeye kandi, bitandukanye n’umubu wa Anopheles, umuyoboro wa Culex urashobora kwinjira mu nyubako unyuze mu miryango, nkuko bigaragara mu bushakashatsi bw’Abanyakenya [24] n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na entomologiya muri Tanzaniya [53]. Gushiraho inzugi za ecran birashobora kuba bidashoboka kandi bizongera ibyago byo kwandura udukoko. Umubu wa Anopheles winjira cyane cyane unyuze mu matwi [54], kandi ingamba nini zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucucike bw’imibu, nkuko bigaragazwa no kwerekana imiterere ishingiye ku makuru ya SFS [Odufuwa, igiye kuza].
Ingaruka mbi zavuzwe nabatekinisiye nabitabiriye amahugurwa zahujwe n’ibisubizo bizwi ku kwanduza pyrethroide [55]. Ikigaragara ni uko abantu benshi bavuzweho ingaruka mbi bakemuwe mu masaha 72 nyuma yo kugaragara, kuko umubare muto cyane (6%) wabagize umuryango wasabye ubuvuzi, kandi abitabiriye amahugurwa bose bahawe ubuvuzi kubuntu. Umubare munini wo guswera wagaragaye mu batekinisiye 13 (65%) wajyanye no kunanirwa gukoresha masike yatanzwe, bivuze ko bitameze neza kandi bikaba bishoboka ko COVID-19 ishobora kuba. Inyigisho z'ejo hazaza zirashobora gutekereza gutegeka kwambara mask.
Mu Karere ka Charinze, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye ku kigero cya malariya cyangwa umubare w’imibu yo mu ngo hagati y’ingo zifite kandi zidafite udukoko twangiza udukoko (ITS). Ibi birashoboka bitewe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe, imiti yica udukoko hamwe n ibisigazwa, hamwe nabitabiriye cyane. Nubwo nta tandukaniro rigaragara, igabanuka ry’indwara zo mu rwego rw’urugo zagaragaye mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi, cyane cyane mu bana bakuze. Imibu ya Anopheles yo mu nzu nayo yagabanutse, byerekana ko hakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi. Kubwibyo, kugirango abantu bakomeze kwitabira, igishushanyo mbonera cyagenzuwe, gihujwe no gukorana kwabaturage no kwegera abaturage, birasabwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-21-2025