Udukoko two mu buhinzi tuzwi nka rimwe mu matsinda y’ibinyabuzima bigoye kugenzura ku isi. Muri yo, udukoko two mu bwoko bwa acarcides dukunze kugaragara cyane ni udukoko two mu bwoko bwa spider na gall, dufite ubushobozi bwo kwangiza imyaka nk'ibiti by'imbuto, imboga n'indabyo. Umubare n'igurishwa ry'imiti yica udukoko mu buhinzi ikoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko two mu bwoko bwa acarcides ni ibya kabiri nyuma ya Lepidoptera na Homoptera mu miti yica udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko mu buhinzi. Ariko, mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko kenshi no gukoresha nabi imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo butari bwo, impamvu ni uko hagaragaye ko hari urwego rutandukanye rwo kurwanya udukoko, kandi hagiye gushyirwaho imiti mishya ikora neza ifite imiterere mishya n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora.
Iyi nkuru izabagezaho ubwoko bushya bwa benzoylacetonitrile acaricide - fenflunomide. Iki gicuruzwa cyakozwe na Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. yo mu Buyapani, cyashyizwe ahagaragara bwa mbere mu 2017. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya udukoko duto ku bihingwa nk'ibiti by'imbuto, imboga n'ibiti by'icyayi, cyane cyane ku dukoko duto twagize ubushobozi bwo kurwanya udukoko.
Imiterere y'ibanze
Izina rusange ry'Icyongereza: Cyflumetofen; Nomero ya CAS: 400882-07-7; Formula ya Molecular: C24H24F3NO4; Uburemere bwa Molecular: 447.4; Izina rya shimi: 2-methoxyethyl-(R,S)-2-(4-tert. Butylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-oxo-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl); formula y'imiterere ni nk'uko bigaragara hepfo.
Butflufenafen ni umuti wica igifu udafite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, kandi uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukora ni ukubuza guhumeka kwa mitochondrial kw'udukoko. Binyuze mu gukuraho ubushyuhe mu mubiri, havuka imiterere ya hydroxyl, ikabangamira kandi ikabuza poroteyine ya mitochondrial II, ikabuza ihererekanya rya electron (hydrogen), ikangiza phosphorylation reaction, kandi igatera paralysis no gupfa kw'udukoko.
Imiterere y'imikorere ya cyflumetofen
(1) Ibikorwa byinshi n'ingano nto. Garama cumi n'ebyiri gusa kuri mu y'ubutaka nizo zikoreshwa, zifite karubone nkeya, zifite umutekano kandi ntizingiza ibidukikije;
(2) Ubushobozi bunini. Bugira ingaruka ku bwoko bwose bw'udukoko duto;
(3) Itoranya cyane. Igira ingaruka zihariye zo kwica udukoko twangiza gusa, kandi nta ngaruka mbi igira ku dukoko tutabareba n'udukoko twica abandi;
(4) Ubuhanga busesuye. Bushobora gukoreshwa mu bihingwa byo hanze no mu mirima irinzwe mu kurwanya udukoko mu byiciro bitandukanye by'imikurire y'amagi, udusimba, udusimba n'udukuru, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ibinyabuzima;
(5) Ingaruka zihuse kandi zirambye. Mu masaha 4, udukoko twangiza tuzahagarika kurya, kandi udukoko tuzahagarara mu masaha 12, kandi ingaruka zihuse ni nziza; kandi bigira ingaruka zirambye, kandi gukoresha rimwe bishobora kugenzura igihe kirekire;
(6) Ntabwo byoroshye kugira ubudahangarwa ku miti. Ifite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora, nta burwanyi bushobora kunyuranamo n'imiti isanzweho, kandi ntabwo byoroshye ko udukoko tuyirwanya;
(7) Ihinduka vuba kandi ibora mu butaka no mu mazi, ibyo bikaba ari byiza ku bihingwa n'ibinyabuzima bitari ibyatsi nk'inyamabere n'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, ibinyabuzima by'ingirakamaro, n'abanzi karemano. Ni igikoresho cyiza cyo kurwanya ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabuzima.
Amasoko n'Iyandikisha ku Isi
Mu 2007, fenflufen yemewe bwa mbere inagurishwa mu Buyapani. Ubu bufenflunom yemewe kandi igurishwa mu Buyapani, muri Brezili, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu Bushinwa, muri Koreya y'Epfo, mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi no mu bindi bihugu. Ibicuruzwa byiganjemo muri Brezili, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu Buyapani, n'ahandi, bingana na 70% by'ibicuruzwa ku isi; ikoreshwa cyane ni ukurwanya udukoko ku biti by'imbuto nk'indimu n'amapera, bingana na 80% by'ibicuruzwa ku isi.
EU: Yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa EU Annex 1 mu 2010 kandi yandikwa ku mugaragaro mu 2013, irakora kugeza ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2023.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: Yemewe ku mugaragaro na EPA mu 2014, yemezwa na California mu 2015. Ku byerekeye inzitiramibu z'ibiti (ibyiciro by'ibihingwa 14-12), amapera (ibyiciro by'ibihingwa 11-10), indimu (ibyiciro by'ibihingwa 10-10), inzabibu, inkeri, inyanya n'ibihingwa byo mu gasozi.
Kanada: Yemejwe kwiyandikisha n'Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya udukoko muri leta ya Canada (PMRA) mu 2014.
Brezili: Yemejwe mu 2013. Dukurikije uko urubuga rwacu rubivuga, kugeza ubu, ni dose imwe ya 200g/L SC, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya udukoko tw’umuhengeri, pome, kurwanya udukoko tw’ibihwagari, na kawa, kurwanya udukoko tw’umuhengeri, udukoko tw’ibihwagari, n’ibindi.
Ubushinwa: Nk’uko bitangazwa n’ikigo gishinzwe amakuru ku miti ikoreshwa mu bushinwa, hari ubwoko bubiri bw’imiti ya fenflufenac mu Bushinwa. Imwe ni dose imwe ya 200g/L SC, ifatwa n’imiti ya FMC. Indi ni iyandikwa rya tekiniki rikorwa na Japan Ouite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
Ositaraliya: Mu Ukuboza 2021, Ikigo gishinzwe imiti yica udukoko n'imiti y'amatungo muri Ositaraliya (APVMA) cyatangaje ko cyemeye kandi cyanditse umuti wa buflufenacil wa 200 g/L kuva ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2021 kugeza ku ya 11 Mutarama 2022. Urashobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko mu bimera bya pome, almond, citrus, inzabibu, imbuto n'imboga, sitroberi n'imitako, kandi ushobora no gukoreshwa mu kurinda inkeri, inyanya n'imitako.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2022