1.Guteza ibiti byicyayi gutema imizi
Nafthalene acetike ya acide (sodium) mbere yo gushiramo koresha amazi ya 60-100mg / L kugirango ushireho ibice byo gukata kuri 3-4h, kugirango ubashe kunoza ingaruka, urashobora kandi gukoresha α mononaphthalene acetike acide (sodium) 50mg / L + IBA 50mg / L. y'uruvange, cyangwa α mononaphthalene acide acide (sodium) 100mg / L + vitamine B, 5mg / L y'uruvange.
Witondere ikoreshwa: fata neza igihe cyo gushiramo, umwanya muremure uzatera defoliation;Acide ya Naphthylacetic (sodium) igira ingaruka mbi zo kubuza gukura kw'ibiti n'amashami hejuru y'ubutaka, kandi ni byiza kuvanga n'ibindi bimera.
Mbere yo gushiramo IBA, shyira 20-40mg / L yimiti yamazi munsi yigitereko cm 3-4 z'uburebure kuri 3h.Nyamara, IBA yangirika byoroshye nurumuri, kandi imiti igomba gupakirwa umukara ikabikwa ahantu hakonje kandi humye.
Ubwoko bwibiti byicyayi hamwe na 50% naphthalene · ifu yumuti wa etyl indole 500 mg / L, ubwoko bufite imizi yoroshye 300-400 mg / L ifu yumuzi cyangwa kwibiza kuri 5s, shyira kuri 4-8h, hanyuma ukate.Irashobora guteza imbere imizi hakiri kare, 14d mbere yo kugenzura.Umubare wimizi wiyongereye, 18 kurenza kugenzura;Ikigereranyo cyo kubaho cyari hejuru ya 41.8% ugereranije n’ubugenzuzi.Uburemere bwumye bwimizi ikiri nto bwiyongereyeho 62.5%.Uburebure bw'igihingwa bwari hejuru ya cm 15.3 kurenza kugenzura.Nyuma yo kuvurwa, igipimo cyo kubaho cyageze hafi 100%, naho umusaruro w’incuke wiyongereyeho 29,6%.Umusaruro wose wiyongereyeho 40 ku ijana.
2.Guteza imbere gutangiza icyayi
Ingaruka zo gukangura gibberellin ni uko zishobora guteza amacakubiri no kurambura, bityo bigatera kumera, gutera no kwihuta gukura.Nyuma yo gutera, amababi yari asinziriye yashishikarijwe kumera vuba, umubare w’amababi n'amababi wariyongereye, umubare w’amababi wagabanutse, kandi kugumana isoko byari byiza.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubumenyi bw’icyayi cy’ishuri ry’ubumenyi bw’ubuhinzi mu Bushinwa, ubucucike bw’ibiti bishya bwiyongereyeho 10% -25% ugereranije n’ubugenzuzi, icyayi cy’impeshyi muri rusange cyiyongereyeho 15%, icyayi cyo mu cyi cyiyongereyeho 20% , n'icyayi cy'impeshyi cyiyongereyeho 30%.
Gukoresha kwibandaho bigomba kuba bikwiye, muri rusange 50-100 mg / L birakwiriye, buri 667m⊃2;Shira 50kg y'imiti y'amazi ku gihingwa cyose.Ubushyuhe bwo mu mpeshyi buri hasi, kwibumbira hamwe birashobora kuba hejuru;Impeshyi, igihe cyizuba kiri hejuru, kwibumbira hamwe bigomba kuba bike muburyo bukwiye, ukurikije uburambe bwaho, master bud ikibabi cyambere cyo gutera ni cyiza, igihe cyubushyuhe gito gishobora guterwa umunsi wose, igihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru kigomba gukorwa nimugoroba, kugeza koroshya igiti cyicyayi, gutanga umukino wuzuye mubikorwa byacyo.
Gutera amababi ya petiole ya 10-40mg / L acide ya gibberellic irashobora guca ukubiri nigiti cyicyayi kidashami, kandi ibiti byicyayi bikura amababi 2-4 hagati muri Gashyantare, mugihe ibiti byicyayi bitangira gukura amababi kugeza muntangiriro za Werurwe.
Koresha icyitonderwa: ntishobora kuvangwa nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza, ifumbire, hanyuma ukavangwa na 0.5% urea cyangwa 1% ya ammonium sulfate nibyiza;Kwibanda cyane, buri gihe cyicyayi kigomba guterwa inshuro imwe, na nyuma yo gutera kugirango ushimangire ifumbire nogucunga amazi;Ingaruka ya gibberellin mumubiri wicyayi ni iminsi 14.Kubwibyo, birakwiye gutora icyayi gifite amababi 1 namababi 3;Gibberellin igomba gukoreshwa nayo.
3.Guteza imbere imikurire yicyayi
Nyuma yo gutera hamwe na 1.8% sodium nitrophenolate, igihingwa cyicyayi cyerekanye ingaruka zitandukanye zumubiri.Ubwa mbere, intera iri hagati yamababi namababi yariyongereye, kandi uburemere bwikimera bwiyongera, bwari hejuru ya 9.4% kuruta kugenzura.Icya kabiri, kumera kw'uduti duto duto twashishikarijwe, kandi ubwinshi bwo kumera bwiyongereyeho 13.7%.Icya gatatu nukwongera chlorophyll, kunoza ubushobozi bwa fotosintezeza, nibara ryibabi ryicyatsi.Ikigereranyo cy’imyaka ibiri cyagereranijwe, icyayi cyimpeshyi cyiyongereyeho 25.8%, icyayi cyizuba cyiyongereyeho 34.5%, icyayi cyizuba cyiyongereyeho 26,6%, impuzandengo yumwaka yiyongera 29.7%.Ikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka gikunze gukoreshwa mu busitani bwicyayi inshuro 5000, buri 667m⊃2;Koresha 12.5mL y'amazi hamwe na 50kg y'amazi.Kurandura icyayi mbere yo kumera muri buri gihembwe birashobora guteza imbere imitsi ya kare.Nyamara, gukoresha hakiri kare icyayi cyimpeshyi bifite agaciro mubukungu, iyo byatewe mugitangiriro cyumuti nibabi, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibiti byicyayi birakomeye, kandi ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro ziragaragara.Icyayi cy'impeshyi muri rusange gitera inshuro zigera kuri 2, icyayi n'impeshyi icyayi gishobora guhuzwa no kurwanya udukoko hamwe nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twinshi, bitose bitonyanga biringaniye, kugirango bigere ku ngaruka ebyiri zo kurwanya udukoko no guteza imbere gukura .
Icyitonderwa: Mugihe ukoresha, nturenze kwibanda;Niba imvura iguye muri 6h nyuma yo gutera, hagomba gukorwa kongera gutera;Gutonyanga ibitonyanga bigomba kuba byiza kugirango uzamure neza, utere imbere ninyuma yicyuma neza, nta gutonyanga nibyiza;Igisubizo cyibigega kigomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje kure yumucyo.
4.Kubuza gushinga imbuto z'icyayi
Ibiti by'icyayi bihingwa hagamijwe gutoragura amashami menshi, bityo rero hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kugenzura imikurire kugirango igenzure imikurire yimbuto no guteza imbere imikurire yamababi namababi nuburyo bwiza bwo kongera umusaruro wicyayi.Uburyo bwibikorwa bya ethephon kumurima wicyayi nugutezimbere ibikorwa byingirangingo za lamellar mumashurwe yindabyo nigiti cyimbuto kugirango ugere kumpamvu yo kumena.Nk’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ishami ry’icyayi muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi ya Zhejiang, igabanuka ry’indabyo ni 80% nyuma yo gutera hafi 15d.Bitewe no kugabanya kurya imbuto zintungamubiri mumwaka utaha, umusaruro wicyayi urashobora kwiyongeraho 16.15%, kandi muri rusange gutera spray birakwiye kuri 800-1000 mg / L.Kubera ko irekurwa rya molekile ya Ethylene ryihuta hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe, kwibandaho bigomba kugabanuka uko bikwiye mugihe ingemwe ntoya, ingirabuzimafatizo zikura cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hejuru, kandi kwibandaho bigomba kuba hejuru mugihe indabyo nyinshi zifite yafunguwe kandi gukura biratinda cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hasi.Kuva mu Kwakira kugeza Ugushyingo, gutera gutera, kandi ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro nizo nziza.
Ethephon spray yibanze ntigomba kurenza umubare, bitabaye ibyo bizatera imyanda idasanzwe yamababi, kandi ubwinshi bwibibabi byamababi biziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi.Kugirango ugabanye defoliation, ethephon ivanze na 30-50mg / L ya gibberellin spray igira ingaruka zikomeye mukubungabunga amababi, kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumyuka mibi.Iyo gutera bigomba guhitamo iminsi yibicu cyangwa ijoro ryijoro birakwiye, bisaba ko nta mvura iri muri 12h yo gusaba.
5.Wihutishe gushinga imbuto
Gukwirakwiza imbuto ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo korora ingemwe z'icyayi.Gukoresha ibintu bikura byibimera nka α-mononaphthalene acetike acide (sodium), gibberellin, nibindi, birashobora gutera imbuto kumera, imizi ikura, gukura vuba nimbaraga zikomeye, pepiniyeri kare.
acide ya Monaphthylacetic (sodium) imbuto z'icyayi zashizwe muri 10-20mg / L acide naphthylacetic (sodium) kuri 48h, hanyuma ukakaraba n'amazi nyuma yo kubiba, zishobora gucukurwa nka 15d mbere, kandi icyiciro cyose cyo gutera ni 19-25d mbere.
Ikura ryimbuto zicyayi zirashobora kwihuta mukunyunyuza imbuto 100mg / L ya gibberellin ya 24h.
6.Kongera umusaruro w'icyayi
Umusaruro wamababi mashya yigiti cyicyayi hamwe na 1.8% ya sodium nitrophenolate biterwa nubucucike nuburemere.Ibisubizo byerekanye ko ubwinshi bwimera bwibiti byicyayi bivangwa na 1.8% ya sodium nitrophenolate yiyongereyeho hejuru ya 20% ugereranije no kugenzura.Uburebure bwibiti, uburemere bwibiti nuburemere bwikibabi kimwe namababi atatu biragaragara ko byari byiza kurenza ibyo kugenzura.Umusaruro wongera umusaruro wa 1.8% ya sodium nitrophenolate yamazi ni nziza, kandi umusaruro wongera umusaruro wibitekerezo bitandukanye nibyiza hamwe ninshuro 6000 zamazi, mubisanzwe inshuro 3000-6000 zamazi.
1.8% ya sodium nitrophenolate irashobora gukoreshwa nkubwoko butandukanye bwibiti byicyayi mubice byicyayi.Koresha ubunini bwinshuro 3000-6000 byamazi birakwiye, 667m⊃2;Koresha amazi ya 50-60kg.Kugeza ubu, spray ifite ubushobozi buke mu cyayi irazwi cyane, kandi iyo ivanze nudukoko twica udukoko, birasabwa ko ikigereranyo cy’amazi 1.8% ya sodium nitrophenolate kitagomba kurenga 5mL ku gikapu cy’amazi.Niba kwibumbira hamwe ari byinshi, bizabuza imikurire yicyayi kandi bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wicyayi.Umubare wigihe cyo gutera mugihe cyicyayi ugomba kugenwa ukurikije imikurire yihariye yigiti cyicyayi.Niba haracyariho imitwe mito mito kumutwe nyuma yo gutoragura, irashobora kongera guterwa, kugirango umusaruro wiyongere mugihe cyose.
Brassinolide 0,01% ya brassinolide ivanze inshuro 5000 spray yamazi irashobora guteza imbere imikurire yibiti byicyayi nibibabi, kongera ubwinshi bwikimera, kongera umusaruro wibiti n'amababi, kandi birashobora no kongera umusaruro wamababi mashya 17.8% hamwe nicyayi cyumye na 15%.
Indabyo n'imbuto by'icyayi cya Ethephon bitwara intungamubiri nyinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi, kandi gutera 800 mg / L ya ethephon kuva mu mpera za Nzeri kugeza Ugushyingo birashobora kugabanya cyane imbuto n'indabyo.
B9 na B9 zombi zishobora kuzamura imikurire y’imyororokere, kongera igipimo cy’imbuto n’umusaruro w’imbuto z’ibiti by icyayi, bifite ibyifuzo byo kuzamura ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibiti byicyayi bifite igipimo gito cyimbuto hamwe nubusitani bwicyayi hagamijwe gukusanya imbuto zicyayi.Umuti hamwe na 1000mg / L, 3000mg / L B9, 250mg / L na 500mg / L B9 urashobora kongera umusaruro wimbuto zicyayi kuri 68% -70%.
Gibberellin iteza imbere kugabana no kuramba.Byagaragaye ko nyuma yo kuvura gibberelline, amababi asinziriye y’igiti cyicyayi yameze vuba, umutwe wumutwe wiyongera, amababi yagabanutse cyane, kandi kugumana isoko ryicyayi byari byiza, bituma habaho uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro no kuzamura ubwiza bwa icyayi.Gukoresha gibberellin muri buri gihe cyicyayi cyicyayi nibibabi byambere hamwe na 50-100mg / L mugutera spray, witondere ubushyuhe, mubisanzwe ubushyuhe buke burashobora gukoreshwa umunsi wose, ubushyuhe bwinshi nimugoroba.
7.Gukuraho indabyo
Imbuto nyinshi cyane mu mpera zizuba zizarya intungamubiri, zibuza gukura kwamababi mashya nudushami mugihe cyizuba gitaha, kandi kurya intungamubiri bigira ingaruka kumusaruro nubwiza bwicyayi mumwaka utaha, kandi gutoragura indabyo mubukorikori birakora cyane, bityo imiti buryo bwahindutse inzira yiterambere.
Ethylene ikoresha ethephon mugukuraho indabyo za chimique, umubare munini wimbuto ziragwa, umubare wimbuto zindabyo ni nke, kwegeranya intungamubiri nibyinshi, bifasha kongera umusaruro wicyayi, no kuzigama umurimo nigiciro.
Ubwoko rusange hamwe na 500-1000 mg / L ya ethephon y'amazi, buri 667m⊃2;Gukoresha 100-125kg kugirango utere ibiti byose murwego rwo kumera, hanyuma utere inshuro imwe hagati ya 7-10d, bifasha kongera umusaruro wicyayi.Nyamara, kwibanda ku buvuzi bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi hejuru cyane kwibumbira muri ethephon bizatuma amababi agwa, bikaba bidakwiye gukura no gutanga umusaruro.Birasabwa kumenya igihe nigipimo cyimikoreshereze ukurikije imiterere yaho, ubwoko bwikirere nikirere, kandi igihe cyo gukoresha kigomba gutoranywa mugihe ubushyuhe bwagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kamelia yarakinguye, kandi amababi yarashizweho.Mu gihe cyizuba cyatinze, mu Kwakira kugeza Ugushyingo muri Zhejiang, ubwinshi bwumukozi ntibushobora kurenga 1000mg / L, kwibumbira mucyiciro cy’ibiti bishobora kuba munsi gato, kandi ubuso bw’icyayi bukonje bwo mu misozi bushobora kuba hejuru gato.
8.Gutezimbere ubukonje bwikimera cyicyayi
Kwangiza ubukonje ni kimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w’icyayi kinini cy’imisozi ndetse n’icyayi cy’amajyaruguru, akenshi bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka ndetse n’urupfu.Gukoresha imiti igabanya imikurire irashobora kugabanya amababi hejuru yikibabi, cyangwa guteza imbere gusaza kumashami mashya, kuzamura urwego rwoguhuza, no kongera ubukonje cyangwa kurwanya ibiti byicyayi kurwego runaka.
Ethephon yatewe 800mg / L mu mpera z'Ukwakira irashobora kubuza kongera ibiti by'icyayi mu mpeshyi itinze kandi bikarwanya ubukonje.
Gutera 250mg / L yumuti mu mpera za Nzeri birashobora guteza imbere imikurire yibiti byicyayi guhagarara hakiri kare, ibyo bikaba bifasha gukura neza kumashami yimvura mugihe cyitumba cya kabiri.
9.Gena igihe cyo gufata icyayi
Kurambura amashami y'ibiti byicyayi mugihe cyicyayi cyimpeshyi bifite igisubizo gikomeye cyo guhuza, bigatuma icyayi cyizuba cyibanze mugihe cyimpera, kandi kuvuguruzanya hagati yo gusarura numusaruro biragaragara.Gukoresha gibberellin hamwe nabashinzwe kugenzura imikurire birashobora kongera ibikorwa bya A-amylase na protease, kugirango bongere imbaraga hamwe noguhindura poroteyine nisukari, kwihutisha igabana no kurambura, kwihuta kwiterambere ryibiti byicyayi, no gukora amashami mashya. gukura hakiri kare;Ihame ry'uko bamwe mu bashinzwe kugenzura imikurire bashobora kubuza kugabana ingirabuzimafatizo no kuramba nabyo bikoreshwa nk'inzitizi yo gutinza igihe cy'umwuzure, bityo bikagenga igihe cyo gufata icyayi no kugabanya kwivuguruza mu gukoresha imirimo yo gufata icyayi intoki.
Niba 100mg / L ya gibberelline yatewe neza, icyayi cyimpeshyi gishobora gucukurwa 2-4d mbere nicyayi cyizuba 2-4d mbere.
Alpha-naphthalene acide acide (sodium) yatewe hamwe na 20mg / L yimiti yamazi, ishobora gutorwa 2-4d mbere.
Gutera umuti wa 25mg / L ethephon birashobora gutuma icyayi cyimeza kimera 3d mbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2024