1. Guteza imbere guca igiti cy'icyayi
Aside asetiki ya Naphthalene (sodium) mbere yo kuyishyiramo koresha amazi angana na 60-100mg/L kugira ngo winjize urufatiro rw'igikato mu gihe cy'amasaha 3-4, kugira ngo wongere ingaruka, ushobora kandi gukoresha α mononaphthalene acetic aside (sodium) 50mg/L+ IBA 50mg/L y'uruvange, cyangwa α mononaphthalene acetic aside (sodium) 100mg/L+ vitamine B, 5mg/L y'uruvange.
Witondere ikoreshwa: fata neza igihe cyo kuvoma, igihe kirekire cyane cyatuma amababi acika; aside Naphthylacetic (sodium) igira ingaruka mbi zo kubuza amashami gukura hejuru y'ubutaka, kandi ni byiza kuyavanga n'ibindi bitera imizi.
Mbere yo gushyiramo IBA, shyiramo 20-40mg/L y'umuti w'amazi ku gice cyo hasi cy'ibice bifite uburebure bwa cm 3-4 mu gihe cy'amasaha 3. Ariko, IBA ibora byoroshye kubera urumuri, kandi umuti ugomba gupfunyikwa mu ibara ry'umukara ukabikwa ahantu hakonje kandi humutse.
Ubwoko bw'igiti cy'icyayi gifite 50% ya naphthalene · ifu y'umuzi wa ethyl indole 500 mg/L, ubwoko bufite imizi yoroshye 300-400 mg/L cyangwa ubyinjize mu minota 5, ubishyire mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-8, hanyuma ukabigabanya. Byashoboraga gutuma imizi itangira kare, iminsi 14 mbere yo kuyigenzura. Umubare w'imizi wiyongereye, 18 urenze uwayigenzura; Igipimo cyo kubaho cyari hejuru ya 41.8% ugereranije n'uwayigenzura. Uburemere bw'imizi mito bwiyongereyeho 62.5%. Uburebure bw'ikimera bwari hejuru ya cm 15.3 ugereranyije n'uwayigenzura. Nyuma yo kuvurwa, igipimo cyo kubaho cyageze hafi 100%, kandi igipimo cy'umusaruro w'ibiti byo mu mirima cyiyongereyeho 29.6%. Umusaruro wose wiyongereyeho 40%.
2. Guteza imbere gutangiza imbuto z'icyayi
Ingaruka zo gukangura za gibberellin ahanini ni uko zishobora gutuma uturemangingo twigabanyamo ibice no kurekura, bityo bigatera imbere kumera kw'amababi, bigatera imbaraga kandi byihutisha gukura kw'amababi. Nyuma yo gutera imiti, amababi yasinziriye yashishikarijwe kumera vuba, umubare w'amababi n'amababi wiyongera, umubare w'amababi waragabanutse, kandi kugumana ububobere byari byiza. Dukurikije igerageza ryakozwe n'Ikigo cy'Ubumenyi bw'Icyayi cya Akademi y'Ubuhinzi y'Ubushinwa, ubwinshi bw'amababi mashya bwiyongereyeho 10%-25% ugereranije n'igenzura, icyayi cyo mu mpeshyi muri rusange cyiyongereyeho hafi 15%, icyayi cyo mu mpeshyi cyiyongereyeho hafi 20%, naho icyayi cyo mu gihe cy'impeshyi cyiyongereyeho hafi 30%.
Igipimo cy'ikoreshwa kigomba kuba gikwiye, muri rusange 50-100 mg/L ni cyo gikwiye, buri metero 667⊃2; Shyira 50kg y'umuti w'amazi ku kimera cyose. Ubushyuhe bw'impeshyi ni buke, igipimo gishobora kuba kiri hejuru; Ubushyuhe bw'impeshyi, igihe cy'izuba ni kinini, igipimo kigomba kuba kiri hasi bihagije, dukurikije ubunararibonye bw'aho, umusaruro w'ibanze w'ikibabi ni mwiza, igihe cy'ubushyuhe buke gishobora gusukwa umunsi wose, igihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi kigomba gukorwa nimugoroba, kugira ngo igiti cy'icyayi gishobore kwinjiza neza, kandi gikore neza.
Gutera aside gibberellic ya 10-40mg/L ku mababi bishobora guca intege ibiti by'icyayi bikiri bito bidafite amashami, kandi ibiti by'icyayi bikura amababi 2-4 hagati muri Gashyantare, mu gihe ibiti by'icyayi bigenzura bidatangira gukura amababi kugeza mu ntangiriro za Werurwe.
Icyitonderwa: Ntibishobora kuvangwa n'imiti yica udukoko, ifumbire mvaruganda, kandi bivanze na urea ya 0.5% cyangwa sulfate ya ammonium ya 1% ni byiza kurushaho; Gukoresha neza icyayi, buri gihembwe cy'icyayi bigomba gusukurwa rimwe gusa, kandi nyuma yo gusukurwa kugira ngo ifumbire irusheho gukomera no gucunga amazi; Ingaruka za gibberellin mu mubiri w'icyayi ni iminsi 14. Kubwibyo, birakwiye gutoranya icyayi gifite umubyimba umwe n'amababi 3; Gibberellin igomba gukoreshwa hamwe nacyo.
3. Guteza imbere ikura ry'ibimera by'icyayi
Nyuma yo gutera umuti wa sodium nitrophenolate ya 1.8%, icyayi cyagaragaje ingaruka zitandukanye ku miterere y’umubiri. Icya mbere, intera iri hagati y’amababi n’amababi yarongerewe, kandi uburemere bw’amababi bwongerewe, bwari hejuru ya 9.4% ugereranyije n’igenzura. Icya kabiri, kumera kw’amababi y’inyongera byashishikarijwe, kandi ubucucike bw’amababi bwiyongereyeho 13.7%. Icya gatatu ni ukongera ingano ya chlorophyll, kunoza ubushobozi bwa fotosinthesi, n’ibara ry’amababi y’icyatsi kibisi. Dukurikije isuzuma ry’imyaka ibiri, icyayi cyo mu mpeshyi cyiyongereyeho 25.8%, icyayi cy’impeshyi cyiyongereyeho 34.5%, icyayi cy’umuhindo cyiyongereyeho 26.6%, impuzandengo y’umwaka ya 29.7%. Igipimo cyo gushonga gikunze gukoreshwa mu busitani bw’icyayi ni inshuro 5000, buri kimwe ni metero 667⊃2; Shyira amazi ya 12.5ml hamwe na kilogarama 50 z’amazi. Gutera imbuto z’icyayi mbere yo kumera muri buri gihembwe bishobora gutuma imbuto z’inyongera zitangira. Ariko, gukoresha icyayi cy'impeshyi hakiri kare bigira akamaro kanini, iyo gitewe ku ntangiriro y'ikibabi n'ikibabi, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza icyayi buba bukomeye, kandi ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro ziragaragara. Icyayi cy'impeshyi muri rusange giterwa inshuro zigera kuri ebyiri, icyayi cy'impeshyi n'icy'umuhindo gishobora guhuzwa no kurwanya udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko, kigaterwa kimwe ku mababi meza no inyuma, kitose kidatonyanga kiri hagati, kugira ngo kigere ku ngaruka ebyiri zo kurwanya udukoko no guteza imbere gukura.
Icyitonderwa: Mu gihe ukoresha, ntukarenze urugero rw'amazi; Iyo imvura iguye mu masaha 6 nyuma yo gutera, ugomba kongera gutera; ibitonyanga bya spray bigomba kuba byiza kugira ngo wongere uburyo bwo gufatana, gutera imbere n'inyuma by'icyuma kimwe, nta gutonyanga ari byo byiza; umuti w'amazi ugomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje kure y'urumuri.
4. Kubuza imbuto z'icyayi kuremwa
Ibiti by'icyayi bihingwa hagamijwe gukuraho amashami menshi, bityo gukoresha ibikoresho bigenzura imikurire kugira ngo bigenzure imikurire y'imbuto no guteza imbere imikurire y'amababi n'amababi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kongera umusaruro w'icyayi. Uburyo ethephon ikora ku gihingwa cy'icyayi ni uguteza imbere imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'indabyo mu ruti rw'indabyo n'uruti rw'imbuto kugira ngo bigere ku ntego yo gushwanyagurika. Dukurikije igerageza ryakozwe n'Ishami ry'Icyayi rya Kaminuza y'Ubuhinzi ya Zhejiang, igipimo cyo kugwa kw'indabyo ni hafi 80% nyuma yo gutera imiti hafi iminsi 15. Bitewe no kugabanuka kw'intungamubiri mu mbuto mu mwaka utaha, umusaruro w'icyayi ushobora kwiyongeraho 16.15%, kandi igipimo rusange cyo gutera imiti kiba gikwiye kugera kuri 800-1000 mg/L. Kubera ko irekurwa rya molekile za ethylene ryihuta bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, igipimo kigomba kugabanuka neza iyo urubuto ari ruto, ingingo zikura cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hejuru, kandi igipimo kigomba kuba kiri hejuru bihagije iyo indabyo nyinshi zafungutse kandi imikurire igenda buhoro cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hasi. Kuva mu Kwakira kugeza Ugushyingo, gutera imiti, kandi ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro zari nziza cyane.
Igipimo cya ethephon spray ntikigomba kurenza ingano, bitabaye ibyo bizatera umwanda udasanzwe w'amababi, kandi ingano y'umwanda w'amababi iziyongera uko ubwinshi bw'amababi bwiyongera. Kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika kw'amababi, ethephon ivanze na 30-50mg/L gibberellin spray igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kubika amababi, kandi ntigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kugabanya amababi. Mu gihe cyo gutera umuti, ugomba guhitamo iminsi y'ibicu cyangwa nijoro, bidasaba imvura mu masaha 12 uhereye igihe ukoresheje.
5. Kwihutisha iremwa ry'imbuto
Gukwirakwiza imbuto ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo korora ingemwe z'icyayi. Gukoresha ibintu bikura nk'aside α-mononaphthalene asetic (sodium), gibberellin, nibindi, bishobora gutuma imbuto zimera neza, zikagira imizi myiza, zikura vuba kandi zigakomera kandi zikiri nto.
aside Monaphthylacetic (sodium) Imbuto z'icyayi zimitswe muri aside naphthylacetic ya 10-20mg/L mu gihe cy'amasaha 48, hanyuma zikagezwa n'amazi nyuma yo kubiba, zishobora gucukurwa mbere y'iminsi 15, kandi icyiciro cyuzuye cy'imbuto ni nyuma y'iminsi 19-25.
Igipimo cyo kumera kw'imbuto z'icyayi gishobora kwihutishwa no kuzika imbuto mu gisubizo cya gibberellin cya 100mg/L mu gihe cy'amasaha 24.
6. Ongera umusaruro w'icyayi
Umusaruro w'amababi mashya y'igiti cy'icyayi hamwe n'amazi ya nitrofenolate ya sodium 1.8% uterwa n'ubucucike bw'imimero n'uburemere bw'imimero. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ubucucike bw'imimero y'icyayi cyavuwe n'amazi ya nitrofenolate ya sodium 1.8% bwiyongereyeho ibirenga 20% ugereranije n'ubugenzuzi. Uburebure bw'imimero, uburemere bw'imimero n'uburemere bw'umumero umwe n'amababi atatu byari byiza kuruta ubw'ubugenzuzi. Ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro z'amazi ya nitrofenolate ya sodium 1.8% ni nziza cyane, kandi umusaruro wo kongera umusaruro w'ibipimo bitandukanye ni mwiza cyane iyo amazi akubye inshuro 6000, akenshi amazi akubye inshuro 3000-6000.
Amazi ya nitrofenolate ya sodium 1.8% ashobora gukoreshwa nk'ubwoko busanzwe bw'icyayi mu bice by'icyayi. Koresha igipimo cy'amazi kingana n'inshuro 3000-6000 z'amazi akwiye, 667m⊃2; Ingano y'amazi yo gutera 50-60kg. Kuri ubu, gutera ibiti mu bice by'icyayi bikoreshwa mu gutera ibiti mu buryo budahagije ni byo bikunzwe cyane, kandi iyo bivanze n'imiti yica udukoko, ni byiza ko ingano ya 1.8% y'amazi ya nitrofenolate ya sodium itagomba kurenza 5mL kuri buri gikapu cy'amazi. Iyo igipimo kiri hejuru cyane, bizabuza gukura kw'ibimera by'icyayi kandi bigire ingaruka ku musaruro w'icyayi. Umubare w'igihe cyo gutera ibiti mu gihe cy'icyayi ugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe imikurire yihariye y'igiti cy'icyayi. Niba hakiri utundi duce duto tw'ibimera ku gisenge nyuma yo gukura, bishobora kongera gutera ibiti, kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere mu gihe cy'umwaka wose.
Brassinolide 0.01% ya brassinolide ivanzwe inshuro 5000 ishobora gutuma imbuto n'amababi by'icyayi bikura, yongera ubucucike bw'imbuto n'amababi, kandi ishobora no kongera umusaruro w'amababi mashya ku kigero cya 17.8% n'icyayi cyumye ku kigero cya 15%.
Indabyo n'imbuto by'ibimera bya Ethephon bitwara intungamubiri n'ingufu nyinshi, kandi gutera 800 mg/L ya ethephon kuva mu mpera za Nzeri kugeza Ugushyingo bishobora kugabanya cyane imbuto n'indabyo.
B9 na B9 byombi bishobora kongera umusaruro w’imbuto, kongera umusaruro w’imbuto z’icyayi n’umusaruro w’imbuto z’ibiti by’icyayi, ibi bikaba bifite amahirwe yo kunoza ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw’ibiti by’icyayi hamwe n’umusaruro muto w’imbuto z’icyayi mu rwego rwo gukusanya imbuto z’icyayi. Gukoresha 1000mg/L, 3000mg/L B9, 250mg/L na 500mg/L B9 bishobora kongera umusaruro w’imbuto z’icyayi ku kigero cya 68%-70%.
Gibberellin ituma uturemangingo twigabanya kandi tugakomeza kwiyongera. Byagaragaye ko nyuma yo kuvurwa na gibberellin, imbuto z'icyayi zaratangiye kumera vuba, umutwe w'igishishwa wiyongera, amababi aragabanuka, kandi uburyo icyayi kigumana neza, byatumye umusaruro wiyongera kandi ubwiza bw'icyayi burushaho kuba bwiza. Gukoresha gibberellin muri buri gihembwe cy'imbuto z'icyayi n'amababi mu gihe cya mbere, 50-100mg/L yo gutera imbuto ku biti, witondere ubushyuhe, muri rusange ubushyuhe buke bushobora gukoreshwa umunsi wose, ubushyuhe bwinshi burenzeho nimugoroba.
7. Gukuraho indabo hakoreshejwe imiti
Imbuto nyinshi mu mpera z'umuhindo zizarya intungamubiri, zikabangamira imikurire y'amababi mashya n'imimero mu mpeshyi itaha, kandi ikoreshwa ry'intungamubiri rigira ingaruka ku musaruro n'ubwiza bw'icyayi mu mwaka utaha, kandi gusarura indabo z'ubukorano biragoye cyane, bityo uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti bwabaye ikintu gishimishije mu iterambere.
Ethylene ikoresha ethephon mu gukuraho indabo za shimi, umubare munini w'indabo uragwa, umubare w'imbuto zirabya uba muto, intungamubiri zirundanya ni nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byiza mu kongera umusaruro w'icyayi, no kuzigama abakozi n'ikiguzi.
Ubwoko rusange bufite amazi ya ethephon angana na 500-1000 mg/L, buri kimwe gifite metero 667⊃2; Gukoresha 100-125kg kugira ngo utere igiti cyose ku rugero rumwe mu gihe cyo kurabya, hanyuma ugatera rimwe mu gihe cy'iminsi 7-10, ni byiza kongera umusaruro w'icyayi. Ariko, ubwinshi bw'icyayi bugomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi ubwinshi bw'icyayi mu rugero rwo hejuru cyane buzatuma amababi agwa, ibyo bikaba bitanogeye gukura no gutanga umusaruro. Ni byiza kugena igihe n'ingano y'ikoreshwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho hantu, ubwoko n'ikirere, kandi igihe cyo gukoresha kigomba gutoranywa mu gihe ubushyuhe bwagabanutse buhoro buhoro, camellia imaze gufunguka, kandi amababi akaba yarashyizweho. Mu mpera z'igihe cy'umuhindo, kuva mu Ukwakira kugeza Ugushyingo muri Zhejiang, ubwinshi bw'icyayi ntibushobora kurenza 1000mg/L, ubwinshi bw'igipimo cy'amashu bushobora kuba buke gato, kandi ubwinshi bw'icyayi gikonje cyo mu misozi bushobora kuba buri hejuru gato.
8. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubukonje bw'icyayi
Kwangirika kw'ubukonje ni kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku musaruro mu gace k'icyayi ko mu misozi miremire no mu gace k'icyayi ko mu majyaruguru, ibyo bikaba bikunze gutuma umusaruro ugabanuka ndetse bigana n'urupfu. Gukoresha ibikoresho bigenzura imikurire y'ibimera bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amababi ku buso, cyangwa bigatera gusaza kw'imishibu mishya, bikongera urwego rwo kumera neza, kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubukonje cyangwa kurwanya ibiti by'icyayi ku rugero runaka.
Ethephon iterwa 800mg/L mu mpera z'Ukwakira ishobora kubuza ibiti by'icyayi kongera gukura mu mpera z'umuhindo no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubukonje.
Gutera 250mg/L y'umuti mu mpera za Nzeri bishobora gutuma ibiti by'icyayi bihagarara mbere y'igihe, ibyo bikaba byiza ku mishinga myiza y'impeshyi mu gihe cy'itumba rya kabiri.
9. Hindura igihe cyo gusarura icyayi
Kurekura kw'imishibu y'icyayi mu gihe cy'impeshyi bifite igisubizo gikomeye, bigatuma icyayi cy'impeshyi cyiyongera mu gihe cy'impeshyi, kandi hari itandukaniro riri hagati yo gusarura no gukora. Gukoresha gibberellin na bimwe mu bigenzura ikura bishobora kongera imikorere ya A-amylase na protease, kugira ngo byongere imikorere n'impinduka za poroteyine n'isukari, byihutishe igabanyuka n'iramba ry'uturemangingo, byihutishe umuvuduko w'ikura ry'igiti cy'icyayi, kandi bigatuma amashami mashya akura mbere y'igihe; Ihame ry'uko hari ibigenzura ikura bishobora kubuza igabanyuka n'iramba ry'uturemangingo rikoreshwa kandi nk'inzitizi yo gutinza igihe cy'impeshyi, bityo bigategeka igihe cyo gusarura icyayi no kugabanya ivuguruzanya mu gukoresha imirimo yo gusarura icyayi n'intoki.
Iyo 100mg/L ya gibberellin iteweho umuti ungana, icyayi cy'impeshyi gishobora gucukurwa inshuro 2-4 mbere y'igihe naho icyayi cy'impeshyi kikacukurwa inshuro 2-4 mbere y'igihe.
Aside acetic ya Alpha-naphthalene (sodium) iterwamo 20mg/L y'umuti w'amazi, ushobora gutoranywa iminsi 2-4 mbere y'uko utangira.
Ifuro rya ethephon rya 25mg/L rishobora gutuma icyayi cy'impeshyi kimera mu masaha atatu mbere y'igihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2024