Dufashe nk'urugero rwa 2014, kugurisha imiti yica ibyatsi byitwa aryloxyphenoxypropionate byari miliyari 1.217 z'amadolari ya Amerika, bingana na 4,6% by'amadolari ya Amerika 26.440 y’isoko ry’ibyatsi ku isi na 1.9% by’amadolari y’Amerika y’amadolari 63.212.Nubwo atari byiza nka herbiside nka acide amine na sulfonylureas, ifite n'umwanya ku isoko ry’ibyatsi (iri ku mwanya wa gatandatu mu kugurisha isi).
Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) ibyatsi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurwanya ibyatsi bibi.Yavumbuwe mu myaka ya za 1960 ubwo Hoechst (Ubudage) yasimburizaga itsinda rya fenyl mu miterere ya 2,4-D na diphenyl ether hanyuma igateza imbere igisekuru cya mbere cy’imiti ya aryloxyphenoxypropionic aside.“Ibyatsi bitoshye”.Mu 1971, hemejwe ko imiterere yimpeta yababyeyi igizwe na A na B. Ibikurikira byica ibyatsi byubwoko bwahinduwe bishingiye kuri byo, bihindura impeta ya A benzene kuruhande rumwe ihinduka impeta ya heterocyclic cyangwa impuzamashyirahamwe, hanyuma itangiza amatsinda akora nka F atome mu mpeta, bivamo urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa bifite ibikorwa byinshi., ibyatsi byinshi byatoranijwe.
Imiterere ya herbicide
Amateka yiterambere ya acide protionic acide
Uburyo bwibikorwa
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acide herbiside ikora cyane cyane irwanya cyane acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), bityo ikabuza synthesis ya acide fatty, bikavamo synthesis ya acide oleic, acide linoleque, aside linolenike, hamwe nibishashara hamwe na cicicle byihuta. gusenya imiterere yikimera, kongera ubwikorezi, amaherezo nurupfu rwigihingwa.
Ibiranga imikorere myiza, uburozi buke, guhitamo cyane, umutekano wibihingwa no kwangirika byoroshye byateje imbere cyane imiti yica ibyatsi.
Ikindi kintu cyaranze ibyatsi bya AAP ni uko bikora neza, bikarangwa na isomeri zitandukanye muburyo bumwe bwimiti, kandi isomeri zitandukanye zifite ibikorwa bitandukanye byibyatsi.Muri byo, R (-) - isomer irashobora guhagarika neza ibikorwa bya enzyme yintego, guhagarika ishyirwaho rya auxin na gibberellin murumamfu, kandi ikerekana ibikorwa byiza byibyatsi, mugihe S (+) - isomer ahanini idakora.Itandukaniro mubikorwa muri yombi ni inshuro 8-12.
Ibicuruzwa byica APP mubucuruzi mubisanzwe bitunganyirizwa muri esters, bigatuma byoroha cyane kurumamfu;icyakora, ubusanzwe esters ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukomera no gukomera kwa adsorption, ntabwo rero byoroshye kumeneka kandi byoroshye kwinjira muri nyakatsi.mu butaka.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl ni fenoxypropionate herbicide yakozwe na ciba-Geigy mu 1981. Izina ryayo ryubucuruzi ni Topic naho izina ryimiti ni (R) -2- [4- (5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy) propargyl propionate.
Propargyl ni fluor irimo, ikora neza ya aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide.Ikoreshwa mugutangira kuvuka no kuvura amababi kugirango irinde ibyatsi bibi mu ngano, ingano, triticale nindi mirima yimbuto, cyane cyane mubyatsi byatsi ningano.Nibyiza mukurwanya ibyatsi bigoye nka oati yo mwishyamba.Ikoreshwa nyuma yo kuvuka no kuvura amababi kugirango igabanye ibyatsi byatsi buri mwaka, nka oati yo mu gasozi, ibyatsi bya oat birabura, ibyatsi bya foxtail, ibyatsi byo mu murima, n’ibyatsi by ingano.Igipimo ni 30 ~ 60g / hm2.Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha ni: kuva kumyanya 2 yamababi yingano kugeza murwego rwo guhuriza hamwe, shyira umuti wica udukoko mubyatsi kuri 2-8 yibibabi.Mu gihe c'itumba, koresha garama 20-30 za Maiji (ifu ya 15% ya clofenacetate ifu) kuri hegitari.30-40g ya cyane (15% clodinafop-propargyl ifu yuzuye), ongeramo 15-30 kg y'amazi hanyuma utere neza.
Uburyo bwibikorwa nibiranga clodinafop-propargyl ni acetyl-CoA inhibitori ya acetyl-CoA hamwe na herbiside ya sisitemu ikora.Umuti winjizwa mumababi no mumababi yikibabi cyigihingwa, bigakorwa muri floem, hanyuma bikusanyirizwa muri meristem yikimera, bikabuza acetyl-coenzyme Inhibitor ya carboxylase.Coenzyme Carboxylase ihagarika synthesis ya acide, irinda imikurire isanzwe no kugabana, kandi isenya ibintu birimo lipide nka sisitemu ya membrane, amaherezo biganisha ku rupfu rwibimera.Igihe cyo kuva clodinafop-propargyl kugeza gupfa cyatsi kiratinda cyane, mubisanzwe bifata ibyumweru 1 kugeza 3.
Inzira nyamukuru ya clodinafop-propargyl ni 8%, 15%, 20%, na 30% emulisiyo yo mu mazi, 15% na 24% microemuliyumu, 15% na 20% ifu y’amazi, na 8% na 14% ihagarikwa ryamavuta.24% cream.
Synthesis
(R) -2 -Mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ikora hamwe na chloropropyne kugirango ibone clodinafop-propargyl.Nyuma yo gutegera, ibicuruzwa bigera kuri 97% kugeza kuri 98%, naho umusaruro wose ugera kuri 85%.
Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga
Amakuru ya gasutamo yerekana ko muri 2019, igihugu cyanjye cyohereje miliyoni 35.77 z'amadolari ya Amerika (imibare ituzuye, harimo imyiteguro n'ibiyobyabwenge bya tekiniki).Muri byo, igihugu cya mbere gitumiza mu mahanga ni Qazaqistan, itumiza mu mahanga cyane cyane imyiteguro, ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 8.6515 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika, ikurikirwa n'Uburusiya, hamwe n'imyiteguro Harakenewe imiti n'ibikoresho fatizo, bitumizwa mu mahanga miliyoni 3.6481.Umwanya wa gatatu ni Ubuholandi, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga miliyoni 3.582 USD.Byongeye kandi, Kanada, Ubuhinde, Isiraheli, Sudani n’ibindi bihugu nabyo ni byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherejwe na clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl ni umuceri wihariye wumuceri wakozwe kandi ukorwa na Dow AgroSciences muri Amerika muri 1987. Ninumuti wonyine wa aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acide yica umuceri.Mu 1998, Dow AgroSciences yo muri Amerika niyo yambere yiyandikishije tekinike ya cyhalofop mugihugu cyanjye.Ipatanti yarangiye mu 2006, kandi kwiyandikisha mu gihugu byatangiye umwe umwe.Mu 2007, uruganda rwo mu gihugu (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) rwiyandikishije bwa mbere.
Izina ryubucuruzi bwa Dow ni Clincher, nizina ryimiti ni (R) -2- [4- (4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy] butylpropionate.
Mu myaka yashize, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (ingirakamaro: 10% cyhalomefen EC) na Daoxi (60g / L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), bimaze kumenyekana ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, bifite akamaro kanini kandi bifite umutekano.Ifite isoko nyamukuru yumuceri wumuceri mu gihugu cyanjye.
Cyhalofop-Ethyl, isa nizindi herbiside ya aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic aside, ni inhibitor ya aside irike kandi ikabuza acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Ahanini yinjiye mumababi kandi ntigikorwa cyubutaka.Cyhalofop-ethyl ni gahunda kandi yinjira vuba binyuze mumyenda y'ibimera.Nyuma yo kuvura imiti, ibyatsi bibi bihagarika gukura ako kanya, umuhondo ubaho mugihe cyiminsi 2 kugeza 7, kandi igihingwa cyose kiba nerotic kandi kigapfa mugihe cyibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 3.
Cyhalofop ikoreshwa nyuma yo kugaragara kugirango irinde ibyatsi bibi mumirima yumuceri.Igipimo cy'umuceri wo mu turere dushyuha ni 75-100g / hm2, naho urugero rw'umuceri utuje ni 180-310g / hm2.Ifite akamaro kanini kurwanya Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Ibyatsi bito bya nyakatsi, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangras, Umuti wamababi yumutima, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, nibindi.
Fata ikoreshwa rya 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC nkurugero.Ku cyiciro cya 1.5-2.5 cyamababi ya barnyardgrass mumirima yingemwe yumuceri hamwe nicyiciro cya 2-3 cyibibabi bya stephanotis mumirima yumuceri wimbuto itaziguye, ibiti namababi biraterwa kandi bigaterwa neza hamwe nibicu byiza.Kuramo amazi mbere yo gukoresha umuti wica udukoko kugirango ibice birenga 2/3 byibiti byatsi hamwe namababi bigaragare kumazi.Kuhira mu masaha 24 kugeza amasaha 72 nyuma yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, kandi ukomeze amazi ya cm 3-5 muminsi 5-7.Koresha inshuro zirenze imwe mugihe cyo guhinga umuceri.Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko uyu muti ufite ubumara bukabije kuri arthropodes yo mu mazi, bityo rero wirinde gutemba ahantu h’ubuhinzi bw’amafi.Iyo ivanze na bimwe mu byatsi byica ibyatsi, irashobora kwerekana ingaruka zirwanya antivantique, bigatuma kugabanuka kwa efficacy ya cyhalofop.
Ifishi yingenzi ya dosiye ni: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g / L), ifu ya cyhalofop-methyl wettable (20%), cyhalofop-methyl amazi yo mu mazi (10%, 15%) , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), microemuliyoni ya cyhalofop (10%, 15%, 250g / L), guhagarika amavuta ya cyhalofop (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), amavuta ya cyhalofop-Ethyl guhagarikwa (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);Ibikoresho bivanga birimo oxafop-propyl na penoxsufen Uruvange rwa amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-24-2024