Brassinolide, umuti munini w’udukoko udashobora kwirengagizwa, ufite ubushobozi bwo ku isoko bwa miliyari 10 z’amayuani

Brassinolide, nk'umutiigenzura ry'imikurire y'ibimera, yagize uruhare runini mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi kuva yavumburwa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi ndetse n'impinduka mu isabwa ry'isoko, brassinolide n'igice cyayo cy'ingenzi mu bicuruzwa bivanze bivamo ibintu byinshi bitabarika. Kuva ku bicuruzwa biri munsi ya 100 byanditswe mbere ya 2018, umubare w'ibicuruzwa n'ibigo 135 byikubye kabiri. Imigabane y'isoko irenga miliyari 1 y'amayuwani n'ubushobozi bw'isoko bwa miliyari 10 z'amayuwani bigaragaza ko iki kintu gishaje kirimo kugaragaza imbaraga nshya.

01
Kuvumbura no gushyira mu bikorwa igihe ni bishya

Brassinolide ni ubwoko bw'imisemburo karemano y'ibimera, ikomoka ku misemburo ya steroid, yabonetse bwa mbere mu mukungugu wa rape mu 1979, ikomoka kuri brassin ikomoka ku bimera karemano.Brassinolide ni umuti ugenzura imikurire y’ibimera neza cyane, ushobora kongera cyane imikurire y’intungamubiri z’ibimera no guteza imbere ifumbire ku rugero ruto cyane. By’umwihariko, ushobora gutuma uturemangingo twigabanyamo ibice no kurekura, kunoza imikorere ya fotosinthesisi, kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya stress, guteza imbere itandukaniro ry’indabyo no gukura kw’imbuto, no kongera isukari mu mbuto.

Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z'ubufasha bw'ibanze ku mbuto zapfuye, kubora kw'imizi, gupfa no kuzimya biterwa no guhinga kenshi, indwara, kwangirika kw'imiti, kwangirika kw'ubukonje n'izindi mpamvu ni ibintu bitangaje, kandi gukoresha amasaha 12-24 biragaragara ko bigira ingaruka nziza, kandi imbaraga zigasubizwa vuba.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage ku isi n’iterambere rikomeye ry’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku buhinzi cyakomeje kwiyongera. Kugira ngo iki cyifuzo kigerweho, kunoza umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’ibihingwa byabaye intego y’ibanze y’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi. Muri urwo rwego, icyifuzo cy’isoko ry’abashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y’ibimera kiriyongera buhoro buhoro.Brassinolide irimo kuba imbaraga zikomeye cyane muri iki gihe cy’ubuzima bw’ibihingwa, aho ikora mu kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ingaruka mbi.

Brassinolide, nk'umuti ugenzura imikurire y'ibimera mu buryo bwagutse kandi ukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, yakiriwe neza n'abahinzi kubera ingaruka zayo zitangaje zo kongera umusaruro ku bihingwa bitandukanye. Cyane cyane mu musaruro w'ibihingwa bikomoka ku nyungu (nk'imbuto, imboga, indabyo, nibindi) n'ibihingwa byo mu murima (nk'umuceri, ingano, ibigori, nibindi), brassinolide ikoreshwa cyane.

Dukurikije amakuru y’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, ingano y’isoko ry’ibihingwa ku isi yagaragaje ko ingano y’izamuka rihoraho mu myaka mike ishize. Muri byo, isoko rya brassicolactone ryiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, rihinduka igice cy’ingenzi cy’isoko. Mu Bushinwa, icyifuzo cya brassinolide ku isoko kiri hejuru cyane, ahanini cyibanda mu turere duhingwamo ibihingwa by’agaciro mu majyepfo no mu turere duhingwamo ibihingwa byo mu majyaruguru.

02
Isoko ry'ikoreshwa rimwe n'isoko ry'ibicuruzwa bivanze rirakomeye

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo brassinolide nk'igice cy'ingenzi byagaragaye ku isoko. Ibi bicuruzwa bikunze guhuza brassinolactones n'ibindi bigenzura imikurire y'ibimera, intungamubiri, nibindi, kugira ngo bikore imiterere y'ibivanze kugira ngo bigire ingaruka zikomeye ku bufatanye.

Urugero, uruvange rwa brassinolide n'imisemburo nkagibberellin, cytokinin, naaside asetiki ya indoleishobora kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera mu mpande zitandukanye kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imihangayiko no gutanga umusaruro.Byongeye kandi, guhuza brassinolide n'ibintu bito (nka zinc, boron, fer, nibindi) bishobora no kunoza cyane imiterere y'imirire y'ibimera no kongera imbaraga zo gukura kwabyo.

Ubwo pyrazolide yari irangiye ahagana mu 2015, bimwe mu bicuruzwa bivanze na pyrazolide, brassinolide na phosphate ya potasiyumu byatejwe imbere cyane mu mirima yo mu majyaruguru (ibigori, ingano, ubunyobwa, nibindi). Byahise bituma brassinolide yiyongera cyane.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo byihutisha kwandikisha ibicuruzwa bivanze bifitanye isano na brassinolide, kandi bigateza imbere ikoreshwa ryabyo mu bihe bitandukanye.Kugeza ubu, imiti 234 ya brassinolide yamaze kwandikwa mu buryo bw’imiti yica udukoko, muri yo 124 ivanze, ikaba irenga 50%.Izamuka ry’ibi bicuruzwa bivanze ntirihuza gusa n’isoko ry’ibikenewe ku bagenzuzi b’ibimera bakora neza kandi bafite imikorere myinshi, ahubwo rinagaragaza gushyira imbere ifumbire mvaruganda iboneye n’imicungire ya siyansi mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi.

Bitewe n'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi bw'abahinzi, ibyo bicuruzwa bizagira amahirwe menshi ku isoko mu gihe kizaza.Brassinolide ikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi bw'ibihingwa ngengabukungu nk'imbuto n'imboga. Urugero, mu buhinzi bw'imizabibu, brassinolide ishobora kongera umuvuduko w'imbuto, yongera isukari n'ubukana bw'imbuto, kandi ikarushaho kunoza imiterere n'uburyohe bw'imbuto. Mu buhinzi bw'inyanya, brassinolide ishobora gutuma inyanya zigira indabo n'imbuto, ikongera umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'imbuto.Brassinolide kandi igira uruhare runini mu musaruro w'ibihingwa byo mu murima. Urugero, mu buhinzi bw'umuceri n'ingano, brassinolide ishobora gutuma ubuhinzi butera neza, yongera uburebure bw'ibimera n'uburemere bw'amahundo, kandi ikongera umusaruro.

Brassinolide ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora indabyo n'ibimera by'imitako. Urugero, mu buhinzi bw'indabyo, brassicolactone ishobora gutuma indabyo zikura neza kandi zigatanga indabyo, ikongera ubwinshi n'ubwiza bw'indabyo. Mu kubungabunga ibimera biri mu nkono, brassinolide ishobora gutuma ibimera bikura kandi bigatera amashami menshi ndetse ikongera agaciro k'imitako.