Hainan, nk'intara ya mbere mu Bushinwa yafunguye isoko ry'ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi, intara ya mbere yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda yo kugurisha imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, intara ya mbere yashyize mu bikorwa ibirango by’ibicuruzwa no kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko, inzira nshya yo guhindura imiti yica udukoko, yamye nantaryo. byibanze ku nganda z’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi mu gihugu, cyane cyane imiterere nini y’abashoramari bo mu isoko rya Hainan.
Ku ya 25 Werurwe 2024, hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa ingingo ziboneye z’amabwiriza yerekeye irushanwa ryiza ry’icyambu cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubucuruzi cya Hainan n’ingingo zerekeye imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko mu karere kihariye k’ubukungu ka Hainan, ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023, abaturage Guverinoma y’Intara ya Hainan yafashe icyemezo cyo gukuraho ingamba zafashwe zo gucunga no gucuruza imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.
Ibi bivuze kandi ko gucunga imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan bizatera intambwe igaragara, isoko rizarekurwa, kandi ikibazo cy’abiharira abantu 8 (mbere yitariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2023, hari imishinga 8 yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, 1,638 icuruza imiti yica udukoko na 298 irabujijwe inganda zica udukoko mu Ntara ya Hainan) zizacika ku mugaragaro.Yahinduwe muburyo bushya bwo kuganza, mububumbe bushya: imiyoboro yubunini, ibiciro byijwi, serivisi zijwi.
2023 “amategeko mashya” yashyizwe mu bikorwa
Mbere yo gukuraho ingamba zafashwe mu micungire y’ibikorwa byo kugurisha no gucuruza imiti yica udukoko mu karere kihariye k’ubukungu ka Hainan, ingingo zerekeye imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko mu karere kihariye k’ubukungu ka Hainan (aha ni ukuvuga “Ingingo”) zashyizwe mu bikorwa. ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023.
Ati: “Ntibikiri gutandukanya ibikorwa byinshi byo kugurisha no gucuruza imiti yica udukoko, kugabanya igiciro cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, kandi na byo ntibikigena imishinga myinshi n’abakora imiti yica udukoko mu gupiganira amasoko, kugabanya ibiciro byo gucunga imiti yica udukoko, no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’imicungire ari yo bihuye n'uruhushya rwo kurwanya imiti yica udukoko… ”
Ibi ahanini byazanye inkuru nziza mumuryango wose wubuhinzi, bityo inyandiko yamenyekanye kandi ishimwa nabenshi mubakora imiti yica udukoko.Kuberako ibi bivuze ko ubushobozi bwisoko rirenga miliyari 2 yuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuunu
“Ingingo nyinshi” kuva muri 2017 ya 60 ya 2017 yagejejwe kuri 26, ifata uburyo bw '“uduce duto duto, umwuka wihuse”, yubahiriza ibibazo bishingiye ku kibazo, ku musaruro, ubwikorezi, kubika, gucunga no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko muri inzira y'ibibazo bigaragara, ubugororangingo bugamije.
Muri byo, kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byagaragaye ni uguhagarika sisitemu yo kwangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.
None, ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi n'ibikurubikuru by '“amabwiriza mashya” yashyizwe mu bikorwa hafi igice cy'umwaka, tuzatoranya kandi twongere tubisubiremo, kugira ngo abakora n'abakora imiti yica udukoko mu isoko ry’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza Hainan babisobanure neza gusobanukirwa no kumenya amabwiriza mashya, kuyobora neza no guhindura imiterere yabo hamwe ningamba zubucuruzi, kandi ugafata amahirwe mashya mugihe gihinduka mugihe.
Sisitemu yo kugurisha udukoko twangiza udukoko twavanyweho kumugaragaro
“Ingingo nyinshi” zubahiriza amategeko agenga irushanwa ryiza ry’ibyambu by’ubucuruzi ku buntu, guhindura uburyo bw’imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko, kugenzura imyitwarire y’ubucuruzi butemewe n’amasoko, no kwemeza uruhare rw’abakinnyi b’isoko ryica udukoko mu marushanwa.
Iya mbere ni uguhagarika sisitemu yo kugurisha imiti myinshi yica udukoko, ntikigitandukanya ibikorwa byinshi byo kugurisha no kugurisha imiti yica udukoko, no kugabanya igiciro cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko.Kubera iyo mpamvu, imishinga myinshi yica udukoko hamwe n’abakora imiti yica udukoko ntikigenwa n’amasoko, kugira ngo igabanye imikorere y’imiti yica udukoko.
Iya kabiri ni ugushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gucunga ifitanye isano n’uruhushya rw’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko, kandi abakora imiti yica udukoko babishoboye barashobora gusaba mu buryo butaziguye amashami y’ubuhinzi n’icyaro abishoboye ya guverinoma y’abaturage y’imijyi, intara n’intara zigenga aho ibikorwa byabo biherereye; impushya zo gucuruza udukoko.
Mubyukuri, nko mu 1997, Intara ya Hainan niyo yabaye iya mbere mu gihugu yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda yo gutanga imiti yica udukoko no gufungura isoko ryica udukoko, naho mu 2005, “Amabwiriza menshi yerekeye imicungire y’udukoko mu karere kihariye k’ubukungu ka Hainan” yari yatanzwe, yashyizeho iryo vugurura mu buryo bw'amabwiriza.
Muri Nyakanga 2010, Kongere y’abaturage y’Intara ya Hainan yashyize ahagaragara “Amabwiriza menshi yerekeye imicungire y’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko” mu Ntara ya Hainan.Muri Mata 2011, guverinoma y’Intara ya Hainan yasohoye “Ingamba z’ubuyobozi bw’uruhushya rw’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza no gucuruza mu Ntara ya Hainan”, iteganya ko mu 2013, hazaba hari imishinga 2-3 yo kugurisha imiti yica udukoko mu ntara ya Hainan, buri imwe ikaba ifite a imari shingiro ya miliyoni zirenga 100;Intara ifite ibigo 18 byo gukwirakwiza imijyi nintara;Hariho imishinga igera kuri 205 icuruza, muri rusange 1 muri buri mujyi, ifite imari shingiro itarenga miliyoni imwe yu Yu, kandi imijyi nintara birashobora kugira ibyo bihindura ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi, imiterere y’imirima ya Leta. n'imiterere y'umuhanda.Mu mwaka wa 2012, Hainan yatanze icyiciro cya mbere cy’impushya zo gucuruza imiti yica udukoko, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza intambwe igaragara mu ivugurura ry’imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan, kandi bivuze ko abayikora bashobora kugurisha gusa imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan binyuze mu bufatanye n’abacuruzi benshi batumirwa gutanga isoko na guverinoma.
"Ingingo nyinshi" zinonosora uburyo bwo gucunga imiti yica udukoko, guhagarika gahunda y’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko, ntigishobora gutandukanya ibikorwa by’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko, kugabanya igiciro cy’imiti yica udukoko, kandi na none ntibikigaragaza inzira y’imishinga icuruza imiti yica udukoko hamwe n’abakora imiti yica udukoko. mu gupiganira amasoko, kugirango ugabanye igiciro cyo gucunga imiti yica udukoko.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’imicungire y’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko, abakoresha imiti yica udukoko barashobora gusaba mu buryo butaziguye umujyi, intara, leta y’intara yigenga ishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubuyobozi bw’icyaro uruhushya rw’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko.
Abakozi bo mu biro bireba ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa by’icyaro mu Ntara ya Hainan bagize bati: Ibi bivuze ko politiki y’imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan izaba ijyanye n’igihugu cy’igihugu, nta tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibicuruzwa byinshi n’ubucuruzi, kandi nta bihari bakeneye kuranga;Ivanwaho rya sisitemu yo kugurisha imiti myinshi yica udukoko bivuze ko ibikomoka ku miti yica udukoko byinjira mu kirwa, igihe cyose ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kandi bikubahirizwa, nta mpamvu yo kwandika no kwemeza ikirwa.
Ku ya 25 Werurwe, Guverinoma y’abaturage y’Intara ya Hainan yafashe icyemezo cyo gukuraho “Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide pesticide hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo gucunga ibyemezo” (Qiongfu [2017] No 25), bivuze ko mu gihe kiri imbere, imishinga yo ku mugabane wa Afurika ishobora gufatanya ku mugaragaro. hamwe ninganda zo ku kirwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza, kandi abakora imiti yica udukoko nababikora bazagira amahitamo menshi.
Nk’uko amakuru aturuka mu nganda abitangaza, nyuma y’iseswa ku mugaragaro gahunda y’imiti y’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko, hazabaho imishinga myinshi yinjira muri Hainan, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bijyanye bizagabanuka, kandi amahitamo menshi azaba meza ku bahinzi b’imbuto n'imboga za Hainan.
Imiti y’ibinyabuzima iratanga ikizere
Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko ivuga ko guverinoma z’abaturage ku rwego rw’intara cyangwa hejuru y’intara, hakurikijwe ingingo zibishinzwe, zita ku nkunga n’inkunga ku bakoresha imiti yica udukoko twangiza kandi neza, cyangwa bagakoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima, umubiri n’ubundi buryo bwo gukumira no kurwanya indwara kandi udukoko.Shishikariza abakora imiti yica udukoko n’abakora, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi bw’ubuhinzi, amashuri makuru na za kaminuza z’umwuga, amashyirahamwe yihariye y’indwara n’udukoko twangiza udukoko, amashyirahamwe y’ubuhinzi n’ubuhanga mu buhinzi n’indi miryango itanga amahugurwa y’ubuhanga, kuyobora na serivisi ku bakoresha imiti yica udukoko.
Ibi bivuze ko biopesticide itanga ikizere ku isoko rya Hainan.
Kugeza ubu, imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bihingwa ngengabukungu bigereranywa n'imbuto n'imboga, naho Hainan ni intara nini ifite imbuto n'imbuto bikomoka ku bimera mu Bushinwa.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibarurishamibare ry’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu n’Imibereho Myiza y’Intara ya Hainan mu 2023, guhera mu 2022, ubuso bw’imboga (harimo n’imbuto z’imboga) mu Ntara ya Hainan buzaba miliyoni 4.017 mu, naho umusaruro uzaba toni miliyoni 6.0543;Ubuso bwo gusarura imbuto bwari miliyoni 3.2630 mu, naho umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 5.6347.
Mu myaka yashize, ingaruka z’udukoko twihanganira, nka thrips, aphide, udukoko twinshi nudusimba twera, twagiye twiyongera uko umwaka utashye, kandi ikibazo cyo kugenzura kirakomeye.Mu rwego rwo kugabanya imiti yica udukoko no kongera imikorere n’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwatsi, Hainan yashyize mu bikorwa igitekerezo cyo “gukumira no kurwanya icyatsi”.Binyuze mu guhuza imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza imiti yica udukoko twangiza imiti, Hainan yashyize hamwe uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya indwara z’umubiri n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya udukoko, ikoranabuhanga ryatewe n’ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ikoranabuhanga rirwanya imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza ikoranabuhanga.Irashobora kongera igihe cyo gukumira no kugenzura no kugabanya inshuro zikoreshwa, kugirango igere ku ntego yo kugabanya ingano y’imiti yica udukoko twangiza imiti no kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa.
Kurugero, mugucunga imiti igabanya ubukana bwinka, ishami ryica udukoko twangiza udukoko twa Hainan rirasaba ko abahinzi bakoresha inshuro 1000 amazi ya Metaria anisopliae hiyongereyeho 5.7% umunyu wa Metaria inshuro 2000 amazi, usibye kwica udukoko no kongera intanga ngore, abakuze n’amagi icyarimwe. igihe, murwego rwo kongera ingaruka zo kugenzura no kuzigama inshuro zo gusaba.
Birashobora guhanurwa ko imiti yica ibinyabuzima ifite iterambere ryinshi kandi ikanashyirwa mubikorwa ku isoko ryimbuto n'imboga bya Hainan.
Gukora no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twabujijwe bizakurikiranwa cyane
Bitewe n’ibibazo byo mu karere, imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan yamye ikaze kuruta iyo ku mugabane wa Afurika.Ku ya 4 Werurwe 2021, Ishami ry’Ubuhinzi n’Icyaro mu Ntara ya Hainan ryasohoye “Urutonde rw’umusaruro wabujijwe, gutwara abantu, kubika, kugurisha no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu karere kihariye ka Hainan” (verisiyo yavuguruwe mu 2021).Iri tangazo ryashyize ahagaragara 73 imiti yica udukoko twabujijwe, irindwi irenze urutonde rw’imiti yica udukoko twabujijwe na Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’icyaro.Muri byo, kugurisha no gukoresha fenvalerate, butyryl hydrazine (bijo), chlorpyrifos, triazophos, flufenamide birabujijwe rwose.
Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko ivuga ko bibujijwe gukora, gutwara, kubika, kubika, gukoresha no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko irimo ibintu byangiza cyane kandi bifite ubumara bukabije birabujijwe mu karere kihariye k’ubukungu ka Hainan.Iyo bibaye ngombwa rwose gukora cyangwa gukoresha imiti yica udukoko irimo uburozi bukabije cyangwa uburozi bukabije bitewe n’ibikenewe bidasanzwe, byemezwa n’ishami rishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa by’icyaro bya guverinoma y’intara;iyo byemejwe n’ishami rishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa by’icyaro by’Inama y’igihugu nk'uko amategeko abiteganya.Ishami rishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ibibazo by’icyaro bya guverinoma y’intara ritangaza rubanda kandi rigacapura kandi rigakwirakwiza urutonde rw’amoko yica udukoko ndetse n’aho bikoreshwa mu guteza imbere, gukoresha no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko bitezwa imbere, bibujijwe kandi bibujijwe na Leta na zone zidasanzwe zubukungu, ukayishyira ahakorerwa imiti yica udukoko hamwe n’ibiro bya komite y’abaturage (umudugudu).Nukuvuga ko, muriki gice cyurutonde rwabujijwe gukoreshwa, iracyagengwa na Hainan idasanzwe.
Nta bwisanzure busesuye, kugura imiti yica udukoko kuri interineti birumvikana
Ivanwaho rya sisitemu yo kwangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko bivuze ko kugurisha imiti yica udukoko no gucunga ikirwa ari ubuntu, ariko umudendezo ntabwo ari umudendezo wuzuye.
Ingingo ya 8 y "Ingingo nyinshi" irusheho kunoza gahunda yo gucunga ibiyobyabwenge kugirango ihuze n’imiterere mishya, imiterere mishya n’ibisabwa bishya mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza imiti yica udukoko.Icya mbere, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'igitabo cya elegitoroniki, abakora imiti yica udukoko hamwe n’abakora bagomba gushyiraho igitabo cya elegitoronike binyuze mu rubuga rwo gucunga amakuru yica udukoko, inyandiko zuzuye kandi zukuri zerekana kugura imiti yica udukoko n’amakuru yo kugurisha, kugira ngo hamenyekane inkomoko y’imiti yica udukoko.Iya kabiri ni ugushiraho no kunoza gahunda yo kugura no kugurisha imiti yica udukoko kuri interineti, no kwerekana neza ko kugurisha imiti yica udukoko kumurongo bigomba kubahiriza ingingo zijyanye no gucunga imiti yica udukoko.Icya gatatu ni ugusobanura ishami rishinzwe gusuzuma iyamamaza ry’udukoko, riteganya ko iyamamaza ry’imiti yica udukoko rigomba gusuzumwa n’ubuyobozi bw’ubuhinzi n’icyaro mu ntara, intara n’ubwigenge mbere y’irekurwa, kandi ntibishobora kurekurwa nta bisuzumwe.
Imiti yica udukoko yica udukoko ifungura uburyo bushya
Mbere yo gusohora "Ingingo zimwe", ibicuruzwa byose byica udukoko byinjira muri Hainan ntibishobora kuba ubucuruzi bwinshi, kandi e-ubucuruzi bwica udukoko ntibushobora kuvugwa.
Nyamara, ingingo ya 10 y "Ingingo nyinshi" yerekana ko abakora ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwica udukoko binyuze kuri interineti n’indi miyoboro y’amakuru bagomba kubona impushya z’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko dukurikije amategeko, kandi bagakomeza kumenyekanisha impushya zabo z’ubucuruzi, impushya z’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko n’izindi amakuru nyayo ajyanye nibikorwa byubucuruzi mumwanya ugaragara kurupapuro rwurubuga rwurubuga rwabo cyangwa page nkuru yibikorwa byabo.Igomba kuvugururwa mugihe.
Ibi bivuze kandi ko ubucuruzi bw’imiti yica udukoko, bwari bwarabujijwe cyane, byafunguye ibintu kandi bushobora kwinjira ku isoko rya Hainan nyuma yitariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2023. Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko "Ingingo nyinshi" zisaba ko ibice n’abantu ku giti cyabo abagura imiti yica udukoko binyuze kuri interineti bagomba gutanga amakuru yukuri kandi meza.Ariko ntacyo bitwaye, kuko kuri ubu, impande zombi zihererekanyabubasha rya e-ubucuruzi bijyanye nizina ryukuri cyangwa kwiyandikisha.
Abatanga ubuhinzi bagomba gukora akazi keza muguhindura ikoranabuhanga
Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa “Ingingo zimwe na zimwe” ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023, bivuze ko isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan ryashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gucunga bujyanye n’uruhushya rw’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko, ni ukuvuga isoko ryunze ubumwe.Hamwe no kuvanaho ku mugaragaro “Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide Wholesale hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwo gucuruza uruhushya rwo gucunga ibyemezo”, bivuze ko ku isoko rinini rihuriweho, igiciro cy’imiti yica udukoko muri Hainan kizagenwa n’isoko.
Nta gushidikanya, ubutaha, hamwe niterambere ryimpinduka, kuvugurura isoko ryica udukoko muri Hainan bizakomeza kwihuta no kugwa mububiko bwimbere: imiyoboro yububiko, ibiciro byijwi, serivisi zijwi.
Abashinzwe inganda bavuze ko nyuma yo kwiharira “8 abantu bose” bimaze gucika, umubare w’abacuruza imiti yica udukoko hamwe n’amaduka acururizwamo muri Hainan uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro, amasoko y’ubuguzi azagenda atandukana, kandi n’igiciro cy’ubuguzi kizagabanuka uko bikwiye;Umubare wibicuruzwa nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa nabyo biziyongera cyane, kandi umwanya uhitamo abadandaza bato n'abaciriritse benshi, abadandaza, nabahinzi kugura ibicuruzwa byica udukoko biziyongera, kandi ibiciro byibiyobyabwenge kubahinzi bizagabanuka uko bikwiye.Amarushanwa y'abakozi arakomera, ahura no kurandurwa cyangwa kuvugururwa;Imiyoboro yo kugurisha ubuhinzi izaba ngufi, abayikora barashobora kugera kuri terminal / abahinzi barenze umucuruzi;Nibyo, amarushanwa yisoko azarushaho gushyuha, intambara yibiciro izaba ikomeye.Cyane cyane kubagurisha n'abacuruzi muri Hainan, irushanwa ryibanze rigomba kuva mubicuruzwa bikerekeza ku cyerekezo cya serivisi tekinike, kuva kugurisha ibicuruzwa mu iduka kugeza kugurisha ikoranabuhanga na serivisi mu murima, kandi ni inzira byanze bikunze guhinduka muri serivisi ya tekiniki utanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-22-2024