Ifumbire yihariye yerekeza ku ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byihariye, ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe kugira ngo ikore neza ifumbire yihariye. Yongeraho ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi, kandi ifite izindi ngaruka zikomeye uretse ifumbire, kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire, kunoza umusaruro w'ibihingwa, no kunoza no gusana ubutaka. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi ni igiciro gito, imikorere myiza mu bukungu, bijyanye n'ibikenewe mu iterambere rya none byo "kurengera ibidukikije neza, kuzigama ingufu nke za karuboni". Irimo ahanini ifumbire ikomeye, ifumbire y'amazi, ifumbire nto ya chelating, ifumbire ikura mu bimera, ifumbire y'amazi y'umwimerere, igenzura imikurire y'ibimera n'ifumbire yo kugenzura ikoreshwa buhoro.
Ugereranyije n'ifumbire gakondo, ifumbire yihariye ifite umwihariko wayo mu bikoresho fatizo, ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha n'ingaruka zayo. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho fatizo, hakurikijwe umwihariko w'ibikenewe, ifumbire yihariye ishobora kwibandwaho kugira ngo yongeremo ibintu bimwe na bimwe, ariko kandi ishobora kongeramo intungamubiri zitari mu ifumbire gakondo; Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ifumbire yihariye rirateye imbere cyane, nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga ifumbire, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga ifumbire, nibindi. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, ifumbire yihariye ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, nko kuyikoresha buhoro no kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyigaburira buri gihe; Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka zayo, ifumbire yihariye igenda imenyekana buhoro buhoro n'inganda kubera ibyiza byayo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kunoza ubwiza n'imikorere, gukoresha neza cyane, kuyikoresha neza, kunoza ubutaka, no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, kandi gukundwa kwayo bikomeje kwiyongera.
Imiterere y'iterambere
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bugezweho, imicungire y’ibipimo n’imicungire y’inganda byashyize imbere ibisabwa byinshi ku bidukikije by’ubutaka. Inzira gakondo y’iterambere ry’inganda z’ifumbire ntishobora kongera ibyo zikenera mu mibereho y’ibigo n’abakora ubuhinzi bashya. Inshingano z’ifumbire ntizigarukira gusa ku kunoza umusaruro w’ibihingwa. Ifumbire zihariye zigamije kongera ibintu by’umwimerere mu butaka, kunoza ibidukikije by’ubutaka no kongera ibintu bifatika mu bihingwa byarushijeho kwitabwaho, kandi ifumbire zidasanzwe nazo zazanye iterambere ryihuse. Dukurikije imibare, ingano y’isoko ry’inganda zihariye z’ifumbire mvaruganda zo mu Bushinwa mu 2021 ni miliyari 174.717 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bwa 7%, naho ingano y’isoko ry’inganda mu 2022 ni miliyari 185.68 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bwa 6.3%. Muri zo, ifumbire ishongera mu mazi n’ishyirwa mu byiciro bya mikorobe ni byo bice by’ingenzi, bingana na 39.8% na 25.3%, uko bikurikirana.
Ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye ishobora kunoza ibidukikije, kunoza ubwiza bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, kunoza inyungu z'ubukungu bw'ubuhinzi, ni amahitamo adashobora kwibagirana yo guteza imbere iterambere ryita ku bidukikije mu buhinzi no gufata inzira y'iterambere rirambye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibyo abaturage bakoresha mu buhinzi byagiye bihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku bwinshi kugera ku bwiza, kandi ibyo bakoresha mu Bushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera. Nk'uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu 2022, umusaruro w'ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye mu Bushinwa ni toni miliyoni 33.4255, ubwiyongere bwa 6.6%; Ibikenewe byari toni miliyoni 320.38, bizamukaho 6.9% ugereranyije n'umwaka.
Ukurikije uko ibiciro bihagaze, mu myaka ya vuba aha, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ry’Ubushinwa cyagaragaje ko kiri kuzamuka muri rusange. Dukurikije imibare, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ry’Ubushinwa mu 2022 ni hafi 5.800 Yuan/toni, cyagabanutseho 0.6% ugereranyije n’umwaka, kandi cyiyongereyeho 636 Yuan/toni ugereranije no mu 2015.
Iterambere ry'inganda zikoresha ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihe kizaza
1. Ubusabe bw'isoko bukomeje kwiyongera
Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage ku isi n’iterambere ry’inganda z’ubuhinzi, icyifuzo cy’ibiribwa n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi kiriyongera. Kugira ngo bahaze iki cyifuzo, abahinzi bagomba gukomeza kunoza umusaruro n’ubwiza, kandi ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye ishobora gutanga intungamubiri zihagije ku bihingwa, guteza imbere iterambere ryabyo, no kunoza umusaruro n’ubwiza. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kunoza ubumenyi bw’abaguzi ku mutekano w’ibiribwa no kurengera ibidukikije, ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda n’izindi fumbire zidasanzwe zitangiza ibidukikije, zikora neza kandi zifite umutekano zirushaho gukundwa n’isoko. Kubwibyo, isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye rizakomeza kwiyongera. Dukurikije amakuru, isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ku isi ryagaragaje ko rikomeje kwiyongera mu myaka ya vuba aha. Muri byo, isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye muri Aziya ririmo kwiyongera cyane, bifitanye isano rya hafi no kuzamura inganda z’ubuhinzi n’ubukungu bw’icyaro mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere nk’Ubushinwa. Mu Bushinwa, guverinoma yongereye inkunga yayo ku buhinzi mu myaka ya vuba aha, byateje imbere iterambere n’impinduka no kuvugurura inganda z’ubuhinzi, binatanga umwanya mugari wo guteza imbere isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye.
2. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga duteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda
Iterambere ry’inganda zikora ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye ntirishobora gutandukanywa n’inkunga y’ikoranabuhanga. Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, inzira yo gukora n’urwego rwa tekiniki rw’ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye nabyo bihora bitera imbere. Mu gihe kizaza, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga tuzaba imbaraga zikomeye zo guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikora ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye. Iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda nshya bizarushaho guteza imbere iterambere ry’isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye. Kuri ubu, ifumbire mvaruganda nshya zirimo ahanini ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda, nibindi. Izi fumbire zifite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, gukora neza, umutekano, nibindi, kandi zishobora guhaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye by’abahinzi n’abaguzi. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’impinduka zihoraho no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda nshya bizakomeza gutera imbere, bitanga andi mahitamo menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-17-2024