Kugenzura bluegras hamwe na bluegras ya buri mwaka hamwe nubugenzuzi bwikura ryibihingwa

   Ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye ingaruka ndende za ABW eshatuumuti wica udukokoporogaramu ku mwaka wa bluegras igenzura na fairway turfgrass nziza, haba wenyine kandi ifatanije nibindi bitandukanyepaclobutrazolporogaramu hamwe no kugenzura bentgrass. Twakekereje ko gukoresha udukoko twica udukoko twica udukoko kugira ngo tugenzure ABW igihe cyagabanya igifuniko cya bluegras buri mwaka mu nzira nyabagendwa ya bentgrass kandi ko buri kwezi gukoresha paclobutrazol bizarushaho kunoza igenzura.
Igihe kirenze, ubushakashatsi bubiri bwakorewe murirusange. Ikigeragezo 1 cyari igeragezwa ryimyaka ibiri yakozwe kuva 2017 kugeza 2019 kurubuga ebyiri rufite amateka ya ABW. Ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye gahunda eshatu zica udukoko, imicungire ya bentgrass, hamwe na buri kwezi ikoreshwa rya paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) kuri 0,25 lb ingirakamaro kuri hegitari imwe (16 fl oz oz kuri hegitari; 280 g ai kuri hegitari) uhereye kuri bluegras yumwaka. . Kumenagura mbere yukwakira kugenzura buri mwaka igishushanyo mbonera.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2017 na 2018 ku isomo rya golf ryigana mu Isambu ya Loggershot 2 (Amajyaruguru ya Brunswick, NJ) hateganijwe ko igishushanyo mbonera cya buri mwaka kingana na 85% mu gutangira ubushakashatsi. Ubushakashatsi bwagarutsweho muri 2018 na 2019 ku masomo ya golf muri Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), aho wasuzumaga igifuniko cya 15% cya bentgrass ikurura na 10% ingano yumukara (Lolium perenne L.). Mu bushakashatsi, 75% yari Poa annua.
Uburyo bwo gutera imbuto bwari bugizwe no gutera ibiti byera 007 ku gipimo cya pound 1 yimbuto nzima kuri metero kare 1.000 (kilo 50 kuri hegitari) nyuma yicyumweru kimwe gitangiye gahunda yo kwica udukoko (reba gahunda ya pesticide hepfo). Ubuvuzi bwasubiwemo inshuro enye kandi butegurwa nkibintu 2 × 3 × 2 mubice byuzuye byateganijwe hamwe nibibanza bigabanijwe. Imbuto nkibipimo byuzuye, gahunda yo kwica udukoko nka subplot, paclobutrazol nka subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0,9 mx 1.8 m).
Iyi gahunda yo gukumira igamije gukumira ibyangiritse kuri bluegras iba buri mwaka mugihe cyigihe. Igizwe na sisitemu yica udukoko twica cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) ikoreshwa ku kigero cya 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) mugihe cyindabyo cyatinze cyimbwa (Cornus florida L.) kugirango igenzure ibisekuru byambere byimpeshyi ABW mbere yo gukoresha indoxacarb (Provaunt) . yakoreshejwe hafi ya 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) mugihe Hybrid ya Catawbiense Michx yari mumurabyo kugirango igenzure ibisimba byose bikiriho, kandi Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) yakoreshejwe mugucunga lisiti yambere yambere mugihe cyizuba.
Porogaramu ntarengwa ihagarika ikoreshwa ry’udukoko twangiza ABW kugeza igihe ubwiza bwa turf mu bice bitavuwe bugera ku ntera mbi ya
Kugirango umenye neza ubwoko bwubwoko bwa turfgrass, bibiri bya 36 x 36 muri (91 x 91 cm) gride ya kare hamwe na 100 ihuza intera iringaniye yashyizwe muri buri kibanza. Menya amoko aboneka kuri buri masangano hagati ya Kamena na Ukwakira. Igifuniko cya bluegras ngarukamwaka cyasuzumaga buri kwezi mugihe cyigihe cyo gukura cyumwaka ku gipimo kiva kuri 0% (nta gipfukisho) kugeza 100% (igifuniko cyuzuye). Ubwiza bwibyatsi byatsi bisuzumwa muburyo bwa 1 kugeza 9, hamwe 6 bifatwa nkibyemewe. Kugirango hamenyekane neza gahunda ya ABW yica udukoko, hasuzumwe ubucucike bwinshi bwakuwe mu gukuramo umunyu mu ntangiriro za Kamena mbere yuko abantu bashya batangira kugaragara.
Amakuru yose yakorewe isesengura ryibitandukanya akoresheje uburyo bwa GLIMMIX muri SAS (v9.4, Ikigo cya SAS) hamwe no kwigana ingaruka zidasanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwasesenguwe hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera, naho igeragezwa rya kabiri ryasesenguwe hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera cya 2 × 4. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, Ikizamini cya LSD cyarinzwe cyakoreshejwe mu gutandukanya uburyo (p = 0.05). Imbuga zasesenguwe ukundi kuko imikoranire nimbuga yabayeho kumatariki atandukanye nibiranga urubuga bitandukanye.
ABW irashobora kugabanya igifuniko cya bluegras yumwaka muri bentgrass igenda, ariko mugihe byemewe kwemererwa kwangirika kwumwaka. Muri ubwo bushakashatsi, ubwiza bwa turf bwagabanutse gusa byigihe gito kubera kwangirika kwa ABW kurwego rwabonaga ko rutemewe na golf bamwe. Ibi birashobora guterwa nuko ubwinshi (60-80%) bwa turfgrass ari bluegras yumwaka. Ibyangiritse kuri bentgrass ABW ntabwo byigeze bigaragara hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurenga. Turakeka ko kugirango gahunda ya ABW yica udukoko dushingiye ku mbibi kugira ngo igenzure neza igishushanyo mbonera cy’umwaka idafite gahunda ya PGR, turakeka ko ubwishingizi bwa buri mwaka bwa bluegras bugomba kuba buke kugira ngo ABW yangize igihombo kinini cy’ubururu bitagize ingaruka ku bwiza rusange muri rusange. ibyatsi. Niba ibyangiritse byoroheje byemewe mbere yo gutera udukoko, ibisubizo byerekana ko igenzura ryigihe kirekire rya bluegras rizaba rito.
Ingamba zica udukoko twica udukoko ningirakamaro kandi zingirakamaro mugihe uhujwe na gahunda yo gukura kw'ibihingwa. Twakoresheje paclobutrazol muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko fluoropyrimidine irashobora gutanga ibisubizo bisa. Niba igipimo cya ABW giteganijwe gukoreshwa nta gahunda ya PGR, guhagarika bluegras yumwaka ntibishobora kuba bihamye cyangwa bifite akamaro kuko bluegras yumwaka irashobora gukira vuba ibyangiritse mugihe cyimpeshyi. Ingamba nziza nugutangira gusaba buri kwezi paclobutrazol mugihe cyizuba nyuma yimitwe yimbuto zimaze kumeneka, reka ABW ikore ibyangiritse kugeza igihe itagishoboye kwihanganira (abayobozi cyangwa abandi), hanyuma ugashyira larvicide kumupanga ntarengwa wo kugenzura ABW . Gahunda ihuza izi ngamba zombi itanga igenzura ryiza rya bluegras yumwaka kuruta ingamba zonyine kandi itanga ikibuga cyiza cyo gukiniraho kuri bose usibye icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri byigihe cyikura.