Ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye ingaruka z'igihe kirekire za ABW eshatuimiti yica udukokogahunda zo kugenzura bluegrass buri mwaka n'ubwiza bwa fairway turfgrass, haba ukwayo cyangwa hamwe n'ibindi bitandukanyepaklobutrazolegahunda no kurwanya udukoko two mu bwoko bwa creeping bentgrass. Twatekereje ko gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo turwanye ABW uko igihe kigenda gihita byagabanya ubushyuhe bwa bluegrass buri mwaka mu nzira zo mu bwoko bwa creeping bentgrass, kandi ko gukoresha paclobutrazol buri kwezi byarushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kuyirwanya.
Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, hakozwe igerageza ribiri ryo mu murima kandi risubirwamo. Igerageza rya 1 ryari igerageza ry’imyaka ibiri ryakozwe kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2019 ahantu habiri habayeho amateka ya ABW. Ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye gahunda eshatu z’imiti yica udukoko, gucunga ibiti bikurura indabyo, no gukoresha buri kwezi paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) ku kigero cya 0.25 lb kuri hegitari (ibikomoka kuri 16 fl oz kuri hegitari; 280 ga ai kuri hegitari) bivuye mu mbuto z’ibimera by’ubururu buri mwaka. . Kuraho mbere y’Ukwakira kugira ngo hagenzurwe ibiti by’ubururu buri mwaka.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2017 na 2018 ku kibuga cya golf cyakorewe muri Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) aho ubwinshi bw’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa bluegrass bugera kuri 85% mu ntangiriro y’igerageza. Iri gerageza ryasubiwemo mu 2018 na 2019 ku bibuga bya golf bya Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), aho ubwinshi bw’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa blackgrass bwapimwe kuri 15% by’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa creeping bentgrass na 10% by’ingano z’umukara zihoraho (Lolium perenne L.). Muri iryo gerageza, 75% byari Poa annua.
Uburyo bwo gutera imbuto bwari bugizwe no gutera imbuto zisanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa creeping bentgrass 007 ku gipimo cya pound 1 y'imbuto nzima nziza kuri metero kare 1.000 (ibiro 50 kuri hegitari) nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe gahunda yo kurwanya imiti yica udukoko itangiye (reba ibisobanuro birambuye kuri gahunda yo kurwanya imiti yica udukoko hepfo). Uburyo bwo kuvura bwasubiwemo inshuro enye kandi bukorwa nk'uburyo bwa factorial bwa 2 × 3 × 2 mu gice cyuzuye gifite imirima igabanyijemo ibice. Gutera imbuto nk'ikigereranyo cyuzuye cy'ahantu, gahunda yo kurwanya imiti yica udukoko nk'ahantu hasanzwe, paclobutrazol nk'ahantu hasanzwe, metero 3 x 6 (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Iyi gahunda yo gukumira yagenewe gukumira kwangirika kw'ibimera byo mu bwoko bwa bluegrass buri mwaka mu gihe cy'ihinga. Igizwe n'umuti wica udukoko witwa cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) ukoreshwa ku gipimo cya 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) mu gihe cy'indabyo za dogwood (Cornus florida L.) kugira ngo urwanye udukoko twa ABW two mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi mbere yo gukoresha indoxacarb (Provaunt). wakoreshejwe kuri 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) igihe Catawbiense Michx hybrid yari iri mu ndabyo kugira ngo irwanye udukoko two mu gihe cy'impeshyi twarokotse, naho Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) yakoreshejwe mu kurwanya udukoko two mu gihe cya mbere mu mpeshyi.
Gahunda zo kugabanya ubushyuhe zihagarika ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko mu kurwanya ABW kugeza igihe ubuziranenge bw'ubutaka mu duce twavuwe bugeze ku rwego rwo kwangirika kwabwo.
Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza imiterere y’ubwoko bw’ubwatsi bw’ibimera, hashyizweho imiyoboro ibiri ya kare ya santimetero 91 x 91 (91 x 91 cm) ifite ahantu 100 hangana mu guhurira. Garagaza ubwoko buri muri buri ihuriro hagati ya Kamena na Ukwakira. Ubuso bw’ubwatsi bw’ibimera bwapimwe buri kwezi mu gihe cy’ihinga ngarukamwaka ku gipimo kuva kuri 0% (nta gipfundikizo) kugeza kuri 100% (ubuso bwuzuye). Ubwiza bw’ubwatsi bw’ibimera bupimwe ku gipimo kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 9, hamwe na 6 byemewe. Kugira ngo hasuzumwe uburyo gahunda yo kwica udukoko ya ABW ikora, ubucucike bw’udukoko bwapimwe hakoreshejwe imyuka ikuramo umunyu mu ntangiriro za Kamena mbere yuko imyuka mishya itangira kugaragara.
Amakuru yose yakozweho isesengura ry’impinduka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa GLIMMIX muri SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) hamwe n’isesengura ry’ingaruka zitari zimwe. Igerageza rya mbere ryasesenguwe hakoreshejwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’itsinda ryacitsemo ibice, naho igerageza rya kabiri risesengurwa hakoreshejwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’itsinda ryacitsemo ibice rya 2 × 4. Igihe byabaga ngombwa, ikizamini cya Fisher's Protected LSD cyakoreshejwe mu gutandukanya uburyo (p=0.05). Ahantu hasesenguwe ukwaho kuko uburyo bwo gukorana n’ahantu habaye ku matariki atandukanye kandi imiterere y’aho hantu yaratandukanye.
ABW ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ubururu buri mwaka mu bimera birebire, ariko gusa iyo byemerewe kwangirika gukomeye ku bimera birebire buri mwaka. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ubwiza bw'ubutaka muri rusange bwagabanutse by'agateganyo bitewe n'ubwandu bwa ABW ku rugero rudafatwa nk'aho rutemerwa na bamwe mu bakinnyi ba golf. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko inyinshi (60–80%) by'ubururu buri mwaka ari ubururu buri mwaka. Kwangirika kwa bururu buri mwaka ABW ntiyigeze igaragara hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe. Dukeka ko kugira ngo gahunda yo kurwanya udukoko ishingiye ku mubare wa ABW igenzure neza ubururu buri mwaka nta gahunda ya PGR, dukeka ko kubanza gukwirakwiza ubururu buri mwaka byagombye kuba bike kugira ngo ABW itere ingaruka zikomeye ku bimera birebire buri mwaka bitagize ingaruka ku bwiza rusange bw'ubwatsi. Niba byemerewe kwangirika guke mbere yo gutera imiti yica udukoko, ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko kurwanya ubururu buri mwaka mu gihe kirekire bizaba bitagikenewe.
Ingamba zo kurwanya udukoko mu miyoboro y’amazi ni ingirakamaro cyane iyo zihujwe na gahunda zo kurwanya imikurire y’ibimera. Twakoresheje paclobutrazol muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko fluoropyrimidine ishobora gutanga umusaruro nk’uwo. Niba gahunda ya ABW ishingiye ku mubare nta gahunda ya PGR ikoreshejwe, gukumira bluegrass buri mwaka bishobora kutaba bihoraho cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka kuko bluegrass buri mwaka ishobora gukira vuba nyuma yo kwangirika mu mpera z’impeshyi. Ingamba nziza ni ugutangira gukoresha paclobutrazol buri kwezi mu mpeshyi nyuma y’uko imbuto zacitse, kureka ABW ikayikora kugeza igihe itagishoboye kwihanganirwa (abayobozi cyangwa abandi), hanyuma ugashyiraho imiti ya larvicides ku gipimo ntarengwa cyo kugenzura ABW. Gahunda ihuza izi ngamba zombi itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya bluegrass buri mwaka kuruta ingamba zombi gusa kandi igatanga imikino myiza mu gihe cyose cy’ihinga uretse icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Ukwakira 2024