Inyamaswa kuva ku idubu ry'umukara kugeza ku nyoni zo mu bwoko bwa cuckoo zitanga ibisubizo karemano kandi birengera ibidukikije mu kurwanya udukoko tudakenewe.
Kera cyane mbere yuko habaho imiti n'imiti itera uburozi, buji za citronella na DEET, ibidukikije byatangaga inyamaswa zose zibabaza cyane abantu. Uducurama turya isazi ziruma, ibikeri bikarya imibu, naho utwana tukarya ivu.
Mu by’ukuri, ibikeri n’ibikeri bishobora kurya imibu myinshi ku buryo ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2022 bwagaragaje ko indwara za malariya zikwirakwira mu bantu mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Amerika yo Hagati bitewe n’icyorezo cy’indwara zo mu mazi. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana ko hari udusimba dushobora kurya imibu igera ku gihumbi ku isaha. (Menya impamvu udusimba ari intwari nyazo mu bidukikije.)
“Amoko menshi agenzurwa neza n’abanzi karemano,” ibi byavuzwe na Douglas Tallamy, Porofeseri wa TA Baker ushinzwe ubuhinzi muri Kaminuza ya Delaware.
Nubwo ubwo bwoko buzwi cyane bwo kurwanya udukoko bukundwa cyane, izindi nyamaswa nyinshi zimara iminsi n'amajoro yazo zishakisha kandi zigarya udukoko two mu mpeshyi, rimwe na rimwe zigakuramo ubuhanga bwihariye bwo kurya udukoko twazo. Dore zimwe mu zisekeje cyane.
Winnie the Pooh ashobora kuba akunda ubuki, ariko iyo idubu nyaryo icukuye umuzinga w'inzuki, ntabwo iba ishaka isukari iryoshye, ahubwo iba ishaka ibihumyo by'umweru byoroshye.
Nubwo idubu ry’umukara ryo muri Amerika rikunda kwishakira inyungu rirya hafi ya byose kuva ku myanda y’abantu kugeza ku mirima y’ibihwagari ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’imbwa zikunda kwishakira, rimwe na rimwe zihariye mu gukora udukoko, harimo n’ubwoko bw’imbwa zikunda kwibasira nka jaketi z’umuhondo.
“Barimo guhiga idubu,” ibi byavuzwe na David Garshelis, umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’inzobere mu by’idubu ry’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidubu. “Nabonye zicukura ibyari hanyuma zigakurumwa, nk’uko natwe tubyita,” hanyuma zigakomeza kugaburira. (Menya uburyo idubu z’umukara zirimo kugaruka muri Amerika ya Ruguru.)
Mu turere tumwe na tumwe two muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, mu gihe idubu ry'umukara ritegereje ko imbuto zera, idubu ry'umuhondo rigumana uburemere bwaryo ndetse rikanagira ibinure hafi ya byose binyuze mu kurya idubu zikungahaye kuri poroteyine nka idubu ry'umuhondo.
Imibu imwe, nka Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, iboneka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, itunzwe no kurya indi mibu. Imibu ya T. septentrionalis iba mu mazi ahagaze, nko mu myobo y'ibiti, kandi ikarya indi mibu mito, harimo n'ubwoko bwanduza indwara ku bantu. Muri laboratwari, umubu umwe wa T. septentrionalis ushobora kwica indi mibu 20 kugeza kuri 50 ku munsi.
Igishimishije ni uko nk'uko bigaragara mu nyandiko yo mu 2022, izi nyenzi ni iz’inkoko zica abantu benshi ariko ntizibarye.
Abanditsi barandika bati: “Niba kwica ku gahato bibaho mu buryo busanzwe, bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwa Toxoplasma gondii mu kurwanya imibu inyunyuza amaraso.”
Ku nyoni nyinshi, nta kintu kiryoshye kurusha udusimba ibihumbi, keretse iyo utwo dusimba twitwikiriye umusatsi ubabaza imbere. Ariko si utwo dusimba two muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru dufite amenyo y'umuhondo.
Iyi nyoni nini cyane ifite umunwa w'umuhondo ukeye ishobora kumira inkeri, rimwe na rimwe igakura igice cy'umuhogo n'igifu cyayo (igakora amara nk'amase y'igihunyira) hanyuma ikongera igatangira bundi bushya. (Reba inkeri ihinduka ikinyugunyugu.)
Nubwo ubwoko nk'udusimba two mu mahema n'udusimba two mu gihe cy'impeshyi dukomoka muri Amerika ya Ruguru, umubare watwo ugenda wiyongera buri gihe, bigatuma turya inyoni y'umuhondo ifite umunwa, ndetse hari n'ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko dushobora kurya inyoni zigera ku magana icyarimwe.
Nta bwoko bw'ikirura na kimwe kibangamira cyane ibimera cyangwa abantu, ariko gitanga ibiryo by'agaciro ku nyoni, hanyuma zikarya utundi dukoko twinshi.
Nubona inyenzi y'uburasirazuba itukura cyane yiruka mu nzira mu burasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, vuga uti “urakoze.”
Izi nyoni zimara igihe kirekire, nyinshi muri zo zikaba zimara imyaka 12-15, zirya imibu itera indwara mu byiciro byose by'ubuzima bwazo, kuva ku mibu kugeza ku mibu ikuze.
JJ Apodaca, umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, ntiyashoboye kuvuga neza umubare w’udusimba tw’inyenzi zo mu burasirazuba zirya ku munsi, ariko inyamaswa zifite ubushake bwo kurya cyane kandi ni nyinshi bihagije ku buryo "zigira ingaruka" ku mibu.
Inyoni yo mu mpeshyi ishobora kuba nziza cyane ifite umubiri wayo utukura mwiza, ariko ibi bishobora kuba bihumuriza cyane inyoni yo mu bwoko bwa nyoni, iyo nyoni iguruka mu kirere, ikayijyana ku giti ikayikubita kugeza ipfuye.
Inkoko zo mu mpeshyi ziba mu majyepfo ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi zimukira muri Amerika y'Epfo buri mwaka, aho zirya cyane cyane udukoko. Ariko bitandukanye n'izindi nyoni nyinshi, inuma zo mu mpeshyi zihariye mu guhiga inzuki n'ivu.
Kugira ngo birinde kurumwa, zifata inzige zisa n'iz'imbwa ziva mu kirere, hanyuma iyo zimaze kwicwa, zihanagura inzige ku mashami y'ibiti mbere yo kurya, nk'uko bivugwa na Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
Tallamy yavuze ko nubwo uburyo karemano bwo kurwanya udukoko butandukanye, "uburyo abantu bakoresha mu buryo bukabije burimo gusenya ubwo bwoko butandukanye."
Kenshi na kenshi, ingaruka ku bantu nko gutakaza aho batuye, imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'umwanda bishobora kwangiza inyamaswa zisanzwe nk'inyoni n'ibindi binyabuzima.
Tallamy yagize ati: “Ntidushobora kubaho kuri uyu mubumbe twica udukoko. Utuntu duto ni two tuyobora isi. Bityo dushobora kwibanda ku buryo bwo kugenzura ibintu bitari bisanzwe.”
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-24-2024