Abashinzwe kugenzura iteramberebishobora kunoza ubwiza n'umusaruro w'ibiti by'imbuto. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri sitasiyo y'ubushakashatsi ku biti bya Palm mu Ntara ya Bushehr mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri yikurikiranya, bugamije gusuzuma ingaruka zo gutera imbuto mbere yo gusarura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura imikurire ku miterere ya fiziki y'imbuto za tende (Phoenix dactylifera cv. 'Shahabi') ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar. Mu mwaka wa mbere, imbuto z'ibi biti zatewe ku cyiciro cya kimri no mu mwaka wa kabiri ku cyiciro cya kimri na hababouk + kimri hamwe na NAA (100 mg/L), GA3 (100 mg/L), KI (100 mg/L), SA (50 mg/L), Put (1.288 × 103 mg/L) n'amazi meza nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura. Gutera imbuto ku biti byose bigenzura imikurire y'ibimera ku biti bya tende 'Shahabi' ku cyiciro cya kimry ntabwo byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bipimo nk'uburebure bw'imbuto, umurambararo, uburemere n'ingano ugereranije n'uburyo bwo kugenzura, ariko gutera imbuto ku biti n'ingano byatewe.NAAkandi ku rugero runaka Put ku cyiciro cya hababouk + kimry byatumye ibi bipimo byiyongera cyane ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar. Gutera ibimera ku biti hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose bwo kugenzura imikurire byatumye uburemere bw'ibimera ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar bwiyongera cyane. Ku cyiciro cyo kurabya, uburemere bw'ibimera n'umusaruro byariyongereye cyane nyuma yo gutera ibimera ku biti hakoreshejwe Put, SA,GA3cyane cyane NAA ugereranije n’uburyo bwo kugenzura. Muri rusange, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw’imbuto cyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ibikoresho byose bigenzura imikurire kuko gutera imbuto ku gice cya hababouk + kimry ugereranije n’uburyo gutera imbuto ku gice cya kimry. Gutera imbuto ku gice cya kimri byagabanyije cyane umubare w’imbuto, ariko gutera imbuto ku gice cya NAA, GA3 na SA ku cyiciro cya hababook + kimri byongereye cyane umubare w’imbuto ugereranije n’uburyo bwo kugenzura. Gutera imbuto ku gice cya kimri na hababook + kimri byagabanyije cyane igipimo cya TSS ndetse n’igipimo cya karubohidrati yose ugereranije n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar. Gutera imbuto ku gice cya kimri na hababook + kimri byagabanyije cyane igipimo cya TA ku cyiciro cya halal ugereranije n’uburyo bwo kugenzura.
Kongeramo 100 mg/L NAA hakoreshejwe inshinge byongera uburemere bw'umutsima no kunoza imiterere y'imbuto nk'uburemere, uburebure, umurambararo, ingano, igipimo cy'ibinure na TSS mu bwoko bwa tende palm 'Kabkab'. Ariko, uburemere bw'ibinyampeke, igipimo cy'aside n'isukari idagabanya ntibyahindutse. GA yo hanze nta ngaruka nini yagize ku gipimo cy'ibinure mu byiciro bitandukanye by'iterambere ry'imbuto kandi NAA yari ifite igipimo cy'ibinure kinini8.
Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n'ibyo bwagaragaje ko iyo igipimo cya IAA kigeze kuri 150 mg/L, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'imbuto z'ubwoko bwombi bwa jujube kigabanuka cyane. Iyo igipimo kiri hejuru, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'imbuto kiriyongera. Nyuma yo gukoresha izi mashini zigenzura imikurire, uburemere bw'imbuto, umurambararo n'uburemere bw'amatsinda byiyongeraho 11.
Ubwoko bwa Shahabi ni ubwoko bw'amatariki magufi kandi burwanya cyane amazi make. Nanone,
Imbuto zifite ubushobozi bwo kubika neza. Bitewe n'izi mpamvu, zihingwa ku bwinshi mu ntara ya Bushehr. Ariko imwe mu mbogamizi zazo ni uko imbuto zifite uburoso buke n'ibuye rinini. Bityo, imbaraga zose zo kunoza ubwinshi n'ubwiza bw'imbuto, cyane cyane kongera ingano y'imbuto, uburemere ndetse n'umusaruro, bishobora kongera amafaranga y'abazikora.
Kubwibyo, intego y'ubu bushakashatsi kwari ukunoza imiterere y'ibimera by'imbuto z'amatade hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera no guhitamo uburyo bwiza kurusha ubundi.
Uretse Put, twateguye ibi bisubizo byose umunsi umwe mbere yo gutera imbuto ku biti hanyuma tubibika muri firigo. Mu bushakashatsi, umuti wa Put wateguwe ku munsi wo gutera imbuto ku biti. Twakoresheje umuti ugenzura ikura ry’imbuto ku matsinda y’imbuto dukoresheje uburyo bwo gutera imbuto ku biti. Bityo, nyuma yo guhitamo ibiti byifuzwaga mu mwaka wa mbere, amatsinda atatu y’imbuto yatoranijwe ku mpande zitandukanye za buri giti ku cyiciro cya kimry muri Gicurasi, umuti wifuzwaga wakoreshejwe ku matsinda, maze arashyirwaho ikimenyetso. Mu mwaka wa kabiri, akamaro k’ikibazo kasabye impinduka, kandi muri uwo mwaka amatsinda ane yatoranijwe muri buri giti, abiri muri yo yari ku cyiciro cya hababuk muri Mata kandi yinjiye mu cyiciro cya kimry muri Gicurasi. Amatsinda abiri y’imbuto muri buri giti yatoranijwe ni yo yari ku cyiciro cya kimry, maze hakoreshwa ibikoresho bigenzura ikura. Hakoreshejwe umuti utera imbuto mu gushyira umuti no gushyiraho ibimenyetso. Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza, tera imbuto ku matsinda y’imbuto kare mu gitondo. Twatoranyije ku buryo butunguranye imbuto nyinshi muri buri tsinda ku cyiciro cya halal muri Kamena no ku cyiciro cya tamar muri Nzeri, maze dukora ibipimo by'imbuto kugira ngo twige ingaruka z'uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura imikurire ku miterere ya fiziki y'imbuto z'ubwoko bwa Shahabi. Gukusanya ibikoresho by'ibimera byakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga inzego, igihugu n'amahanga, kandi twahawe uburenganzira bwo gukusanya ibikoresho by'ibimera.
Kugira ngo dupime ingano y'imbuto ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar, twatoranyije imbuto icumi muri buri tsinda kuri buri tsinda ry’imiti, maze dupima ingano y'imbuto zose nyuma yo kuzishyira mu mazi, maze tukazigabanyamo icumi kugira ngo tubone ingano y'imbuto.
Kugira ngo dupime ijanisha ry'imbuto z'umunyu mu cyiciro cya halal na tamar, twatoranyije imbuto 10 muri buri tsinda ry'itsinda ry'ubuvuzi mu buryo butunguranye maze dupima uburemere bwazo dukoresheje umunzani w'ikoranabuhanga. Hanyuma twatandukanije inyama z'umunyu n'igice cy'imbere, dupima buri gice ukwacyo, maze tugabanya agaciro kose na 10 kugira ngo tubone uburemere bw'impuzandengo y'imbuto z'umunyu. Uburemere bw'imbuto z'umunyu bushobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira1,2.
Kugira ngo dupime igipimo cy’ubushuhe ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar, twapimye garama 100 z’ibinure bishya byavuye muri buri tsinda ry’ibinyabutabire bitangwa na buri tsinda ry’ibinyabutabire dukoresheje umunzani w’ikoranabuhanga maze tubiteka mu ifuru kuri 70 °C mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe. Hanyuma, twapimye icyitegererezo cyumye maze tubara igipimo cy’ubushuhe dukoresheje formula ikurikira:
Kugira ngo dupime igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'imbuto, twabaruye umubare w'imbuto mu matsinda 5 maze tubara igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'imbuto dukoresheje formula ikurikira:
Twakuyeho amatsinda yose y'imbuto mu biti byavuwe maze tuyapima ku munzani. Dukurikije umubare w'amatsinda kuri buri giti n'intera iri hagati y'ibihingwa, twashoboye kubara ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro.
Agaciro ka pH k'umutobe kagaragaza aside cyangwa alkalinity yawo mu cyiciro cya halal na tamar. Twatoranyije imbuto 10 muri buri tsinda ry'igerageza kandi dupima garama 1 y'ifu. Twongeyeho mililitiro 9 z'amazi yaciwe mu gikoresho cyo gukuramo imbuto maze dupima pH y'imbuto dukoresheje metero ya JENWAY 351018 pH.
Gutera imbuto ku biti hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose bwo kugenzura imikurire ku cyiciro cya kimry byagabanyije cyane igabanuka ry'imbuto ugereranije n'uburyo bwo kuzirwanya (Ishusho ya 1). Byongeye kandi, gutera imbuto ku biti hakoreshejwe NAA ku bwoko bwa hababuk + kimry byongereye cyane igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'imbuto ugereranije n'itsinda ryagenzuwe. Ijanisha rinini ry'igabanuka ry'imbuto (71.21%) ryagaragaye hakoreshejwe NAA ku cyiciro cya hababuk + kimry, naho ijanisha rito ry'igabanuka ry'imbuto (19.00%) ryagaragaye hakoreshejwe GA3 ku gice cya kimry.
Mu buryo bwose bwo kuvura, ingano ya TSS ku cyiciro cya halal yari hasi cyane ugereranyije n’iyo ku cyiciro cya tamar. Gutera ibimera byose bya PGR ku cyiciro cya kimri na hababuk + kimri byatumye ingano ya TSS ku cyiciro cya halal na tamar igabanuka ugereranije n’uburyo bwo kubigenzura (Ishusho ya 2A).
Ingaruka zo gutera imbuto ku bimera hakoreshejwe imiti yose igenzura ikura ku miterere yabyo (A: TSS, B: TA, C: pH na D: karubohidrati yose) ku cyiciro cya Khababuck na Kimry. Impuzandengo y'agaciro ikurikira inyuguti zimwe muri buri nkingi ntabwo itandukanye cyane kuri p< 0.05 (ikizamini cya LSD). Shyira putrescine, SA - aside salicylic (SA), NAA - aside naphthylacetic, KI - kinetin, GA3 - aside gibberellic.
Ku cyiciro cya halal, abashinzwe kugenzura imikurire bose bongereye cyane TA y'imbuto zose, nta tandukaniro rigaragara hagati yazo ugereranije n'itsinda ryagenzuwe (Ishusho ya 2B). Mu gihe cya tamar, ingano ya TA y'ibinyampeke bya foliar yari hasi cyane mu gihe cya kababuk + kimri. Ariko, nta tandukaniro rigaragara ryabonetse ku bashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera, uretse ibinyampeke bya NAA bya foliar mu gihe cya kimri na kimri + kababuk na GA3 bya foliar spray mu gihe cya kababuk + kababuk. Muri iki cyiciro, TA iri hejuru cyane (0.13%) yagaragaye mu gusubiza NAA, SA, na GA3.
Ibyo twabonye ku kunoza imiterere y’imbuto (uburebure, umurambararo, uburemere, ingano n’ijanisha ry’ibinure) nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura imikurire ku biti bya jujube bihuye n’ibyavuye muri Hesami na Abdi8.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2025