Kiwifruit ni igiti cyimbuto cyibiti bisaba kwanduza imbuto zashyizweho nibihingwa byigitsina gore. Muri ubu bushakashatsi ,.kugenzura imikurire yikimeraAcide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) yakoreshejwe kuri kiwifruit yo mu Bushinwa (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imbuto, kuzamura ubwiza bw’imbuto no kongera umusaruro. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko gukoresha exogenous ya 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide (2,4-D) yateje neza parthenocarpy muri kiwifruit yo mu Bushinwa kandi byongera ubwiza bwimbuto. Mugihe cyiminsi 140 nyuma yindabyo, igipimo cyimbuto cyimbuto za parthenocarpique zavuwe na 2,4-D zageze kuri 16.95%. Imiterere yindabyo zindabyo zumugore zavuwe hamwe na 2,4-D namazi byari bitandukanye, kandi ntizagaragaye neza. Mugihe cyo gukura, imbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D zari ntoya ugereranije nizo mu itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, kandi ibishishwa byazo, inyama hamwe n’ibanze byingenzi byari bitandukanye cyane n’itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura. Nta tandukanyirizo ryibanze ryarimo ibishishwa byoroshye hagati yimbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D n'imbuto zo kugenzura zikuze, ariko ibintu byumye byimbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D byari munsi yimbuto zanduye.
Mu myaka yashize,kugenzura imikurire y'ibihingwa (PGR)zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mu gutera parthenocarpy mu bihingwa bitandukanye by’imboga. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku mikoreshereze yubuyobozi bukura kugirango butere parthenocarpy muri kiwi ntabwo bwakozwe. Muri iyi nyandiko, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku kugenzura imikurire y’ibihingwa 2,4-D kuri parthenocarpy muri kiwi yubwoko bwa Dunghong n’impinduka mu miterere rusange y’imiti. Ibisubizo byabonetse bitanga urufatiro rwa siyanse yo gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro imikurire y’ibihingwa kugirango tunoze imbuto za kiwi hamwe nubwiza bwimbuto muri rusange.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank ya Wuhan Botanical Garden, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi mu Bushinwa mu 2024. Hatoranijwe ibiti bitatu by’ubuzima bwiza, bitarwaye indwara, imyaka 5 y’imyaka 5 yitwa Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' byatoranijwe kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi, kandi amababi 250 y’indabyo muri buri giti yakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo kwipimisha.
Parthenocarpy ituma imbuto zikura neza nta kwanduza, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mubihe bitanduye. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko parthenocarpy ituma imbuto zitera kandi zigatera imbere nta kwanduza no gufumbira, bityo bigatuma umusaruro uhoraho mu bihe bidasanzwe. Ubushobozi bwa parthenocarpy buri mubushobozi bwabwo bwo kongera imbuto zashyizweho mubihe bidukikije, bityo bikazamura ubwiza bwumusaruro n’umusaruro, cyane cyane iyo serivisi zangiza ziba nke cyangwa zidahari. Ibintu bidukikije nkubushyuhe bwumucyo, fotoperiod, ubushyuhe, nubushuhe birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri 2,4-D iterwa na parthenocarpy muri kiwifruit. Mugihe gifunze cyangwa igicucu, impinduka zumucyo zirashobora gukorana na 2,4-D kugirango ihindure metabolism ya endogenous auxin, ishobora kuzamura cyangwa kubuza iterambere ryimbuto za parthenocarpique bitewe nimbuto. Byongeye kandi, gukomeza ubushyuhe butajegajega hamwe nubushuhe mubidukikije bigenzurwa bifasha kugumya gukora imisemburo no guhuza imbuto neza [39]. Inyigisho z'ejo hazaza zirateganijwe kurushaho gushakisha uburyo ibidukikije byifashe (urumuri, ubushyuhe, nubushuhe) muri sisitemu ikura kugirango igabanye 2,4-D iterwa na parthenocarpy mugihe ikomeza ubwiza bwimbuto. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bya parthenocarpy buracyasaba iperereza rindi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubushyuhe buke bwa 2,4-D (5 ppm na 10 ppm) bushobora gutera parthenocarpy mu nyanya kandi bikera imbuto nziza zitagira imbuto [37]. Imbuto za Parthenocarpique nta mbuto zifite kandi zifite ubuziranenge, bituma zihitamo neza ku baguzi [38]. Kubera ko ibikoresho bya kiwifruit bigeragezwa ari igihingwa cya dioecious, uburyo bwo kwanduza gakondo busaba kwifashisha intoki kandi bisaba akazi cyane. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ubu bushakashatsi bwakoresheje 2,4-D kugira ngo butere parthenocarpy muri kiwifruit, bwarinze neza impfu z’imbuto zatewe n’indabyo z’umugore zitanduye. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko imbuto zavuwe hamwe na 2,4-D zateye imbere neza, kandi umubare w’imbuto wari muke cyane ugereranije n’imbuto zanduye, kandi ubwiza bw’imbuto nabwo bwarazamutse cyane. Kubwibyo, gutera parthenocarpy binyuze mumiti ya hormone birashobora gutsinda ibibazo byanduye kandi bikera imbuto zidafite imbuto, ningirakamaro cyane mubuhinzi bwubucuruzi.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hasuzumwe uburyo bwa 2,4-D (2,4-D) ku iterambere ry’imbuto zitagira imbuto n’ubuziranenge bw’ibihingwa by’imbuto za kiwifruit 'Donghong' byakorewe ubushakashatsi kuri gahunda. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwabanje bwerekana ko 2,4-D ishobora gutera imbuto zidafite imbuto muri kiwifruit, ubu bushakashatsi bwari bugamije gusobanura ingaruka ziterwa n’ubuvuzi bwa exogenous 2,4-D ku mikorere y’iterambere ry’imbuto no kwera imbuto. Ibisubizo byagaragaje uruhare rw’abashinzwe gukura mu bimera mu iterambere ry’imbuto zitagira imbuto kandi hashyirwaho ingamba zo kuvura 2,4-D zitanga urufatiro rukomeye rw’imiterere y’iterambere ry’ibihingwa bishya bitagira imbuto. Ubu bushakashatsi bufite akamaro gakomeye mugutezimbere imikorere irambye yinganda za kiwifruit.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye akamaro ko kuvura 2,4-D mu gutera parthenocarpy mu bwoko bwa kiwifruit yo mu Bushinwa 'Donghong'. Ibiranga hanze (harimo uburemere bwimbuto nubunini) hamwe nimiterere yimbere (nk'isukari n'ibirimo aside) mugihe cyo gukura imbuto. Kuvura hamwe na 0.5 mg / L 2,4-D byazamuye cyane ubwiza bwimbuto zimbuto byongera uburyohe no kugabanya aside. Nkigisubizo, igipimo cyisukari / aside cyiyongereye cyane, cyazamuye ubwiza bwimbuto muri rusange. Nyamara, itandukaniro rikomeye ryabonetse muburemere bwimbuto hamwe nibintu byumye hagati yimbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D kandi zanduye. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga amakuru yingirakamaro kuri parthenocarpy niterambere ryiza ryimbuto muri kiwifruit. Porogaramu nk'iyi irashobora kuba ubundi buryo bwo guhinga kiwifruit igamije kwera imbuto no kugera ku musaruro mwinshi udakoresheje ubwoko bw'abagabo (bwanduye) no kwanduza ibihimbano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-02-2025