Kiwifruit ni igiti cy'imbuto gifite imiterere ya dioecious gikenera impova kugira ngo imbuto zishyirweho n'ibimera by'ingore. Muri ubu bushakashatsi,igenzura ry'imikurire y'ibimeraAside 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) yakoreshejwe ku mbuto z’ikiwi zo mu Bushinwa (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') kugira ngo imbuto zigere ku isonga, zirusheho kugira ubwiza bw’imbuto no kongera umusaruro. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko gukoresha aside 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) hanze byateye parthenocarpy mu mbuto z’ikiwi zo mu Bushinwa kandi birushaho kunoza ubwiza bw’imbuto. Nyuma y’iminsi 140, imbuto za parthenocarpic zavuwe na 2,4-D zageze kuri 16.95%. Imiterere y’indabyo z’ingore zavuwe na 2,4-D n’amazi yari itandukanye, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubaho kw’indabyo ntibwagaragaye. Mu gihe cyo gukura, imbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D zari ntoya ugereranyije n’izo mu itsinda ryagenzuwe, kandi igishishwa cyazo, inyama n’inyama z’imbere byari bitandukanye cyane n’izo mu itsinda ryagenzuwe. Nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu bipimo by’ibinyabutabire bishobora gushonga hagati y’imbuto zateweho 2,4-D n’imbuto zigenzurwa mu gihe cyo gukura, ariko ingano y’ibinyabutabire byumye mu mbuto zateweho 2,4-D yari hasi ugereranyije n’imbuto zateweho imbuto.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha,abashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera (PGR)byakoreshejwe cyane mu gutera parthenocarpy mu bihingwa bitandukanye by’ubuhinzi. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bigenzura imikurire mu gutera parthenocarpy muri kiwi ntibwakozwe. Muri iyi nyandiko, ingaruka z’ibikoresho bigenzura imikurire y’ibimera 2,4-D kuri parthenocarpy muri kiwi byo mu bwoko bwa Dunghong n’impinduka mu miterere yabyo muri rusange byakoreweho ubushakashatsi. Ibisubizo byabonetse bitanga ishingiro rya siyansi ry’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bigenzura imikurire y’ibimera mu kunoza imbuto za kiwi n’ubwiza bw’imbuto muri rusange.
Iri gerageza ryakorewe muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ya Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank yo muri Wuhan Botanical Garden, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abashinwa mu 2024. Ibiti bitatu bya Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' bifite ubuzima bwiza, bidafite indwara, byatoranijwe muri iryo gerageza, kandi indabo 250 zakozwe muri buri giti zakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo kugerageza.
Parthenocarpy ituma imbuto zikura neza nta guhingwa kw'imbuto, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy'imvura nke. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko parthenocarpy ituma imbuto zikura neza nta guhingwa no gufumbira, bityo bigatuma umusaruro uhoraho mu gihe cy'imvura nke. Ubushobozi bwa parthenocarpy buri mu bushobozi bwayo bwo kongera imbuto mu gihe cy'imvura mbi, bityo bikanoza ubwiza n'umusaruro w'ibihingwa, cyane cyane iyo serivisi z'abatera imbuto ari nke cyangwa zidahari. Ibintu bidukikije nk'ubushyuhe bw'urumuri, igihe cyo gupima, ubushyuhe, n'ubushuhe bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri parthenocarpy iterwa na 2,4-D mu mbuto za kiwi. Mu gihe cy'ipfundo cyangwa igicucu, impinduka mu bihe by'urumuri zishobora gukorana na 2,4-D kugira ngo zihindure metabolism ya auxin, ishobora kongera cyangwa ikabuza iterambere ry'imbuto za parthenocarpic bitewe n'ubwoko bw'imbuto. Byongeye kandi, kubungabunga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe cy'imvura bigenzurwa bifasha gukomeza imikorere y'imisemburo no kunoza imiterere y'imbuto [39]. Hari inyigo z'ejo hazaza zigamije gukomeza gusuzuma uburyo ibidukikije bikura neza (urumuri, ubushyuhe, n'ubushuhe) mu buryo bugenzurwa kugira ngo hongerwe parthenocarpy iterwa na 2,4-D mu gihe hagumana ubwiza bw'imbuto. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bya parthenocarpy buracyakeneye iperereza ryinshi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko igipimo gito cya 2,4-D (5 ppm na 10 ppm) gishobora gutera parthenocarpy mu nyanya no gutanga imbuto nziza zidafite imbuto [37]. Imbuto za Parthenocarpic ntizifite imbuto kandi zifite ubuziranenge, bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza ku baguzi [38]. Kubera ko ibikoresho bya kiwifruit byo kugerageza ari ikimera gikunda dioecious, uburyo gakondo bwo gutera intanga busaba ubufasha bw'intoki kandi busaba akazi kenshi. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ubu bushakashatsi bwakoresheje 2,4-D kugira ngo butere parthenocarpy mu gutera kiwifruit, byabujije ingaruka z'imbuto ziterwa n'indabyo z'ingore zitaratera intanga. Ibisubizo by'igerageza byagaragaje ko imbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D zakuze neza, kandi umubare w'imbuto wari muto cyane ugereranije n'imbuto zatewe intanga, kandi ubwiza bw'imbuto nabwo bwarushijeho kuba bwiza. Kubwibyo, gutera parthenocarpy binyuze mu kuvura imisemburo bishobora gutsinda ibibazo byo gutera intanga no gutanga imbuto zidafite imbuto, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ubucuruzi.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, uburyo bwa 2,4-D (2,4-D) ku iterambere ry'imbuto zidafite imbuto n'ubwiza bw'imbuto z'ikiwi zo mu Bushinwa 'Donghong' bwakorewe ubushakashatsi ku buryo burambuye. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwagaragaje ko 2,4-D ishobora gutera imbuto zidafite imbuto mu mbuto z'ikiwi, ubu bushakashatsi bwari bugamije gusobanura ingaruka zo kuvura 2,4-D hanze ku miterere y'iterambere ry'imbuto no kuremwa kw'imbuto nziza. Ibisubizo byagaragaje uruhare rw'abashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera mu iterambere ry'imbuto zidafite imbuto kandi byashyizeho ingamba zo kuvura 2,4-D zitanga ishingiro ry'ingenzi mu miterere y'imbuto nshya zidafite imbuto z'ikiwi. Ubu bushakashatsi bufite ingaruka zikomeye mu kunoza imikorere n'uburambe bw'inganda z'imbuto z'ikiwi.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye akamaro k'ubuvuzi bwa 2,4-D mu gutera parthenocarpy mu bwoko bwa kiwifruit yo mu Bushinwa yitwa 'Donghong'. Ibiranga inyuma (harimo uburemere n'ingano y'imbuto) n'imiterere y'imbere (nk'isukari n'umusemburo wa aside) mu gihe cyo gukura kw'imbuto byarasuzumwe. Ubuvuzi bwa 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D bwazamuye cyane ubwiza bw'imbuto binyuze mu kongera uburyohe no kugabanya aside. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igipimo cy'isukari / aside cyariyongereye cyane, bituma ubwiza bw'imbuto burushaho kwiyongera. Ariko, hagaragaye itandukaniro rikomeye mu buremere bw'imbuto n'umusemburo w'imbuto zumye hagati y'imbuto zavuwe na 2,4-D. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga amakuru y'ingirakamaro ku bijyanye na parthenocarpy no kunoza ubwiza bw'imbuto muri kiwifruit. Gukoresha ubwo buryo bishobora kuba ubundi buryo ku bahinzi ba kiwifruit bagamije gutanga imbuto no kugera ku musaruro mwinshi badakoresheje ubwoko bw'abagabo (bwavuwe) no gukwirakwiza imbuto mu buryo bw'ubukorano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-02-2025