Twasuzumye uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n’imiti iterwa n’imiti irwanya udukoko mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’isuzuma rya William H. Daniel Turfgrass muri Kaminuza ya Purdue i West Lafayette, muri Indiana. Twakoze igerageza ry’icyatsi kibisi ku bimera binini bya 'Crenshaw' na 'Pennlinks'.
Ishusho ya 1: Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya Crenshaw bentgrass. Gutanga imiti ya nyuma byatanzwe ku ya 30 Kanama kuri Maxtima na Traction na 23 Kanama kuri Xzemplar. Utwambi twerekana igihe cyo gukoresha imiti y'iminsi 14 (Xzemlar) n'iminsi 21 (Maxtima na Traction) kuri buri miti y'uburozi.
Kuva ku ya 1 Mata kugeza ku ya 29 Nzeri 2023, tuzakata imboga zombi inshuro eshanu mu cyumweru kuri santimetero 0.135. Twakoresheje Excalibur (Aqua-Aid Solutions) ya fl. 4 kuri imboga zombi ku ya 9 Kamena na 28. oz/1000 sq. ft. igiciro cyo ku ya 20 Nyakanga cyari 2.7 fl oz. oz/1000 sq. ft. kugira ngo tugabanye ahantu humutse.
Hanyuma twashyize Fleet wetting agent (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) ku byatsi bibisi ku ya 16 Kanama kugira ngo tugabanye ahantu humutse.
Twakoresheje ibinyabutabire 9 bya Tempo SC (cyfluthrin, Envu). oz/hectare na Meridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) oz 12 fl. oz 9 Kamena/hectare kugira ngo turwanye inyere. Twakoresheje ibiro 0.5 by'ifumbire ya azote ku ya 10 Kamena no ku ya 2 Nzeri dukoresheje Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanon Lawn). N/1000 feet kare
Imiterere yacu y'igerageza yari ifite ingano ya metero 5 x 5 kandi yakozwe hakoreshejwe igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye cy'amabara gifite imiterere ine. Koresha imashini ikoresha CO2 kuri 50 psi n'imirongo itatu ya TeeJet 8008 ipima ku rugero rwa galoni 2/metero kare 1000 z'amazi.
Mu bushakashatsi bwombi (Igerageza rya 1 n'igerageza rya 2), twatangiye ubuvuzi bwose ku ya 17 Gicurasi, igihe cyo gutanga ubwa nyuma gitandukana bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuvura (Imbonerahamwe ya 1). Ku ya 1 Nyakanga, twakoresheje agakoresho ko gukwirakwiza ingano y'ingano y'ingano yanduye ku gipimo cya sentimetero 12.5 kuri buri buriri. Hanyuma dusiga imbuto y'ingano ku buso bw'ubwatsi mu gihe cy'iminsi ine mbere yo kuzitema.
Twasuzumye ubukana bw'udukoko tw'amadolari dushingiye ku mubare w'ibigo byanduye aho byakorewe. Agace kari munsi y'umurongo w'impinduka z'indwara (AUDPC) kabazwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa trapezoidal hakoreshejwe formula Σ [(yi + yi + 1) / 2] [ti + 1 − ti], aho i = 1, 2, 3, ... n -1, aho yi - amanota, ti - igihe cy'isuzuma rya i-th. Amakuru yakozwe ku isesengura ry'itandukaniro n'ikigereranyo cyo gutandukana (P = 0.05) hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya LSD kirinzwe na Fisher.
Twabonye bwa mbere itandukaniro mu kugenzura aho abaganga bavurira ku idorari ku ya 31 Gicurasi. Ku ya 13 Kamena, uburemere bw'aho abaganga bavurira ku idorari mu mikorere y'umushinga bwari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura (Ishusho ya 1). Ku rundi ruhande, uburemere bw'aho abaganga bavurira ku idorari ku ya 20 Nyakanga bwari buri hasi ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.
Ku ya 2 Kanama, utwo duce twavuwe na 1.3 fl ya Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm). oz/1000 sq. ft. – Igiciro cy’iminsi 21 mu madolari ya Amerika cyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ibice byavuwe na Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz. oz/1000 sq. feet mu gihe kimwe. Ku ya 16 na 28 Nzeri, ibyumweru bibiri na bine nyuma yo gukoreshwa bwa nyuma, imirima yavuwe na Traction yari ifite amadolari menshi kurusha Maxtima kandi yari ifite agaciro kari hasi cyane ka AUDPC ugereranyije n’igenzura.
Twabonye bwa mbere isura y’ifaranga ku ya 7 Nyakanga. Ku ya 7 Nyakanga, ahantu hose havuwe hari icyorezo kiri munsi ya kimwe kuri buri hantu. Nta tandukaniro ryagaragaye mu gihe cyose cy’igerageza. Agaciro ka AUDPC mu hantu hose havuwe kari hasi cyane ugereranyije n’aho mu mirima yavuwe yavuwe (Imbonerahamwe ya 1).
Ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi no gusuzuma indwara cya Daniel Turfgrass muri Kaminuza ya Purdue cyasuzumye uburyo imiti ivura udukoko twa fungi ku dukoko twa bentgrass twakuze kandi twigenga.
Kuva ku ya 1 Mata kugeza ku ya 1 Ukwakira, kata gatatu mu cyumweru kugeza ku burebure bwa santimetero 0.5. Twatangije Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) ku ya 30 Kamena kuri 0.37 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kugira ngo tugenzure umweru. Ku ya 20 Nyakanga, twakoresheje Excalibur itera ubushyuhe ku gipimo cya 2.7 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kugira ngo tugabanye ahantu humutse.
Twakoresheje Fleet moisturizing agent (Harrell's) ku ya 16 Kanama mu gipimo cya 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kugira ngo tugabanye ahantu humutse. Hanyuma twashyizeho 0.75 kg za azote ku ya 24 Gicurasi dukoresheje Shaw (24-0-22). N/1000 sq. ft. ku ya 13 Nzeri, 1.0 lb. N/1000 sq. feet.
Ibibanza byari bifite ingano ya metero 5 x 5 kandi biteguye mu buryo butunguranye hamwe n'ibindi bine. Koresha imashini ikoresha CO2 kuri psi 45 n'imiyoboro itatu ya TeeJet 8008 ipima galoni imwe ku mazi angana na metero kare 1000.
Twakoresheje bwa mbere umuti urwanya udukoko ku ya 19 Gicurasi naho uwa nyuma tuwukoresha ku ya 18 Kanama. Ingano z'ibirayi zandujwe n'udukoko twa dola twakoreshejwe ku buryo bungana n'icyuma gikwirakwiza intoki ku ya 27 Kamena no ku ya 1 Nyakanga ku gipimo cya cm3 11 na cm3 12 kuri buri gice cy'ubutaka. Hanyuma dusiga imbuto z'ibirayi ku buso bw'ubwatsi iminsi ine mbere yo kuzitema.
Ubukana bw'indwara bwapimwe buri byumweru bibiri mu bushakashatsi bwose. Ubukana bw'indwara bwapimwe hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'ijanisha ry'agace kagize ikibazo kuri buri gace. Agace kari munsi y'umuvuduko w'indwara (AUDPC) kabazwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa trapezoidal bwavuzwe haruguru. Amakuru yakozwe ku isesengura ry'itandukaniro n'ikigereranyo cyo gutandukanya (P=0.05) hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya Fisher's protected LSD.
Twabonye bwa mbere uduce twa dolari (<0.3% by'uburemere, 0.2 by'ibisebe byanduye kuri buri gice) ku ya 1 Kamena, kandi umubare wabyo wariyongereye nyuma yo guterwa inshinge. Ku ya 20 Nyakanga, utwo duce twavuwe na Encartis (boscalid na chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft - iminsi 14 na 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft - iminsi 28, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft - iminsi 14, uduce twavuwe twari dufite uduce duke twa dolari ugereranyije n'utundi duce twose twavuwe kandi twagenzuwe.
Kuva ku ya 20 Nyakanga kugeza ku ya 15 Nzeri, imirima yose yavuwe yari ifite ubwandu buke ugereranyije n’imirima yo kurwanya idavuwe. Uturere twavuwe na Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft - iminsi 14), Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft - iminsi 21) Ku ya 2 Nzeri, ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo kuyikoresha bwa nyuma (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl. ounce/1000 sq. ft. - iminsi 21, Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft. - iminsi 21) n’ahantu havuwe na gahunda byari bifite ubukana buke cyane.
Ku itariki ya 3 Kanama na 16 Kanama, ibiciro bya Encartis n'itariki ntarengwa yo gusaba ntibyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku igenzura ry'idorari rya Amerika. Ariko, ku itariki ya 2 na 15 Nzeri (WFFA 2 na 4), ahantu hashoboraga kuvurwa Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft - iminsi 14) naho Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft). . . - iminsi 21) ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ibara rya USD buke ugereranije na Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft - iminsi 28).
Mu buryo bunyuranye, itandukaniro mu muvuduko wo gutanga no kuvura Xzemplar na Maxtima ntiryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buremere bw'udukoko tw'amadolari mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi. Igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukoresha Daconil Action (3 fl oz / 1000 sq ft) kivanze na Secure Action nticyatumye agakoko k'amadolari kagabanuka. Ku ya 2 Nzeri, ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubwandu cya Xzemplar cyavuriye ahantu hake ugereranyije na Maxtima.
Agaciro ka AUDPC k'ahantu hose havuwe kari hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ahavuwe. Ubukana bw'amadorari bwari buri hasi mu bice muri iyi gahunda mu gihe cyose cy'ubushakashatsi, aho agaciro ka AUDPC kari hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ahavuwe hose.
Ahantu havuwe na Daconil Ultrex honyine hari agaciro ka AUDPC kari hejuru kurusha ahandi hantu havuwe n’uburyo bwose bwo kuvurwa uretse ahavuwe na 0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta). oz/1000 sq. ft. – iminsi 21) Daconil Action (2 fl oz/1000 sq. ft) na Secure Action (azibendazole-S-methyl na fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – iminsi 21 Nta burozi bwagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 16 Mata 2024