Gukoresha inzitiramibu nshya zivurwa n'imiti yica udukoko mu buryo bubiri bitanga icyizere cyo kurwanya malariya muri Afurika

Inzitiramibu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko (ITNs) zabaye inkingi ikomeye mu gukumira malariya mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, kandi ikoreshwa ryazo ryagize uruhare runini mu gukumira iyi ndwara no kurokora ubuzima. Kuva mu 2000, ibikorwa byo kurwanya malariya ku isi, harimo n'ubukangurambaga bwa ITN, byakumiye abarwayi barenga miliyari 2 ba malariya n'impfu hafi miliyoni 13.
Nubwo hari intambwe yatewe, imibu ikwirakwiza malariya mu turere twinshi yagize ubudahangarwa kuimiti yica udukokoikoreshwa cyane mu nzitiramibu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko (ITNs), cyane cyane imiti ivura indwara ya pyrethroids. Ibi byagabanyije ubushobozi bw'imiti yica udukoko kandi bigabanya iterambere mu gukumira malariya. Iki kibazo gikomeje kwiyongera cyatumye abashakashatsi bihutisha iterambere ry'inzitiramibu nshya zitanga uburinzi burambye kuri malariya.

Mu 2018, UNITAID n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga batangije umushinga wa New Nets, uyobowe n'Ihuriro ry'Abatera Malariya Bashya, ku bufatanye bwa hafi na gahunda z'igihugu zo kurwanya malariya n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa, barimo Perezida wa Amerika ushinzwe kurwanya malariya, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation na MedAccess. Uyu mushinga ushyigikira imishinga yo gutanga ibimenyetso n'igerageza kugira ngo wihutishe impinduka mu inzitiramibu ziterwa imiti ibiri muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara kugira ngo hakorwe ingamba zo guhangana n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiti iterwa n'udukoko.
Iyi miyoboro yatangiye gukoreshwa muri Burkina Faso mu 2019, hanyuma ikorerwa muri Benin, Mozambike, u Rwanda na Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya kugira ngo igerageze ubushobozi bwayo mu bihe bitandukanye.
Mu mpera za 2022, umushinga wa New Mosquito Nets, ku bufatanye n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga n'Umushinga wa Perezida wa Amerika wo kurwanya Malariya, wari umaze gushyiraho inzitiramibu zirenga miliyoni 56 mu bihugu 17 byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara aho byagaragaye ko ubudahangarwa bw'imiti yica udukoko bwagaragaye.
Igerageza ry’ubuvuzi n’inyigo z’igerageza byagaragaje ko inzitiramubu zivurwa n’imiti zikoreshwa mu buryo bubiri zifite akamaro kanini ka 20-50% mu kurwanya malariya kurusha inzitiramubu zisanzwe zirimo pyrethroids gusa. Byongeye kandi, igerageza ry’ubuvuzi muri Repubulika y’Ubumwe bwa Tanzaniya na Benin ryagaragaje ko inzitiramubu zirimo pyrethroids na chlorfenapyr zigabanya cyane ubwandu bwa malariya mu bana bari hagati y’amezi 6 n’imyaka 10.
Gukomeza kugenzura, gukurikirana no gucunga ibintu byangiza ubuzima nko kurwanya imiti yica udukoko, amoko y’inyamaswa n’impinduka mu myitwarire y’inyamaswa zitera malariya ni ingenzi cyane mu gukumira no kurandura burundu ikwirakwira rya malariya. Ni ngombwa kandi gushora imari mu bikoresho bishya byo gukemura ibi bibazo bivuka.
Kongera no kugenzura inzitiramibu, inkingo n'ubundi buryo bushya bushya bisaba gukomeza gushora imari muri gahunda zo kurwanya no kurandura malariya, harimo no kwemeza ko Global Fund na Gavi, Umuryango w’Inkingo z’Imiti, byongera ubwiyongere bw’ingufu.
Uretse inzitiramibu nshya zo ku buriri, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bishya byo kurwanya inzoka zo mu nda, nk'imiti yica udukoko, imiyoboro yica mu rugo (imiyoboro y'amadirishya), n'imibu yahinduwe mu buryo bw'uturemangingo.