Isoko ry’imbuto ryahinduwe (GM) biteganijwe ko riziyongeraho miliyari 12.8 z'amadolari muri 2028, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bwa 7.08%.Iterambere ryiterambere riterwa ahanini no gukoreshwa no guhanga udushya tw’ubuhinzi bw’ibinyabuzima.
Isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ryagize iterambere ryihuse kubera kwamamara kwinshi no gutera imbere mu buhanga bw’ibinyabuzima.Basf numwe mubambere batanga imbuto zahinduwe genetique hamwe nibyiza byingenzi nko kugabanya isuri no kurinda urusobe rwibinyabuzima.Isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ryibanda ku bintu nko korohereza, ibyo abaguzi bakunda ndetse n’imikoreshereze y’isi yose.Dukurikije ibiteganijwe n'isesengura, isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru muri iki gihe ririmo kwiyongera ku buryo bukenewe, kandi ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima rifite uruhare runini mu gushinga urwego rw’ubuhinzi.
Abashoferi b'ingenzi b'isoko
Kwiyongera kwimbuto za GM mubijyanye na lisansi biragaragara ko biteza imbere isoko.Hamwe n’ibikenerwa n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, umuvuduko w’imbuto zahinduwe ku isoko ku isi nazo uragenda wiyongera.Byongeye kandi, hamwe no kongera ingufu mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibicanwa biva mu bihingwa byahinduwe mu buryo bwa genoside, nk'ibigori, soya n'ibisheke, biragenda biba ngombwa nk'isoko ry'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bwa geneti zagenewe kongera umusaruro, kongera amavuta hamwe na biyomasi nazo zitera kwaguka kw'isoko ry'umusaruro ku isi ujyanye na peteroli.Kurugero, bioethanol ikomoka ku bigori byahinduwe mu buryo bwa geneti ikoreshwa cyane nk'inyongeramusaruro, mu gihe biodiesel ikomoka kuri soya yahinduwe na genoside na canola itanga ubundi buryo bw’ibicanwa biva mu bwikorezi n’inganda.
Inzira nyamukuru yisoko
Mu nganda zimbuto za GM, guhuza ubuhinzi bwa digitale hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru byahindutse inzira igaragara nisoko ikomeye yisoko, guhindura imikorere yubuhinzi no kongera isoko ryimbuto za GM.
Ubuhinzi bwa digitale bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko gufata amashusho ya satelite, drone, sensor, nibikoresho byubuhinzi byuzuye kugirango bikusanyirize hamwe amakuru menshi ajyanye nubuzima bwubutaka, imiterere yikirere, imikurire y’udukoko, nudukoko.Isesengura ryamakuru algorithms noneho itunganyirize aya makuru kugirango abahinzi babone ibisubizo bifatika no kunoza inzira yo gufata ibyemezo.Mu rwego rwimbuto za GM, ubuhinzi bwa digitale bugira uruhare mugucunga neza no kugenzura ibihingwa bya GM mubuzima bwabo bwose.Abahinzi barashobora gukoresha ubushishozi bushingiye kumibare kugirango bahindure imikorere yo gutera, bahindure uburyo bwo gutera, kandi bongere umusaruro wubwoko bwimbuto za GM.
Ibibazo bikomeye ku isoko
Kugaragara kw'ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'ubuhinzi buhagaze biteza ikibazo cyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga gakondo mu bijyanye n'imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bwa genoside kandi ni cyo kibazo nyamukuru cyugarije isoko muri iki gihe.Bitandukanye nubuhinzi gakondo cyangwa ubuhinzi bwa pariki, ubuhinzi buhagaritse burimo guteranya ibihingwa bihagaritse hamwe, akenshi byinjizwa mu zindi nyubako nko mu bicu, mu bwikorezi, cyangwa mu bubiko bwahinduwe.Muri ubu buryo, honyine harashobora kugenzurwa gusa amazi n’umucyo bisabwa n’igihingwa, kandi hashobora kwirindwa gushingira ku gihingwa cyica udukoko, ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica ibyatsi n’ibinyabuzima byahinduwe (Gmos).
Isoko kubwoko
Imbaraga z'igice cyo kwihanganira ibyatsi bizongera umugabane ku isoko ry'imbuto za GM.Kwihanganira ibyatsi bifasha ibihingwa kwihanganira ikoreshwa ryimiti yihariye mugihe bibuza gukura kwatsi.Mubisanzwe, iyi mico igerwaho hifashishijwe ihinduka ryimiterere, aho ibihingwa byakozwe muburyo bwa geneti kugirango bitange imisemburo yangiza cyangwa irwanya ibintu bikora byica ibyatsi.
Byongeye kandi, ibihingwa birwanya glyphosate, cyane cyane ibyatanzwe na Monsanto kandi bigakorwa na Bayer, biri mu bwoko bw’imiti irwanya ibyatsi.Ibi bihingwa birashobora guteza imbere kurwanya nyakatsi bitangiza ibihingwa bihingwa.Iki kintu giteganijwe gukomeza gutwara isoko mugihe kizaza.
Isoko kubicuruzwa
Imiterere yimiterere yisoko iterwa niterambere ryubumenyi bwubuhinzi nubuhanga bwubuhanga.Imbuto za Gm zizana imico myiza yibihingwa nkumusaruro mwinshi no kurwanya udukoko, bityo kwemerwa kwabaturage biriyongera.Ibihingwa byahinduwe muri rusange nka soya, ibigori na pamba byahinduwe kugirango bigaragaze imico nko kwihanganira ibyatsi no kurwanya udukoko, biha abahinzi ibisubizo bifatika bibafasha kurwanya udukoko n’ibyatsi mu gihe byongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa.Ubuhanga nko gutera gene no gucecekesha gene muri laboratoire bikoreshwa muguhindura imiterere yimiterere yibinyabuzima no kuzamura imico.Imbuto za Gm akenshi zagenewe kwihanganira ibyatsi, bigabanya gukenera intoki no gufasha kongera umusaruro.Izi tekinoroji zigerwaho hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya gene no guhindura genetike hakoreshejwe virusi nka Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Isoko ryibigori riteganijwe kwerekana iterambere rikomeye mugihe kizaza.Ibigori byiganje ku isoko ryisi kandi birakenewe cyane, cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro wa Ethanol n ibiryo byamatungo.Mubyongeyeho, ibigori nibyo bigaburira cyane umusaruro wa Ethanol.Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi muri Amerika ivuga ko umusaruro w’ibigori muri Amerika uzagera kuri miliyari 15.1 buri mwaka mu 2022, bikiyongeraho 7 ku ijana guhera mu 2020.
Ntabwo aribyo gusa, umusaruro wibigori muri Amerika muri 2022 uzagera ku rwego rwo hejuru.Umusaruro wageze kuri 177.0 kuri hegitari, wiyongereyeho 5.6 uva kuri 171.4 muri 2020. Byongeye kandi, ibigori bikoreshwa mu nganda nk’ubuvuzi, plastiki n’ibicanwa.Ubwinshi bwayo bwagize uruhare mu gutanga umusaruro wibigori mu gice cya kabiri ku isi cyatewe nyuma y’ingano kandi biteganijwe ko bizatera imbere mu gice cy’ibigori kandi bigakomeza gutwara isoko ry’imbuto za GM mu gihe kiri imbere.
Ibice byingenzi byisoko
Amerika na Kanada nizo zigira uruhare runini mu gutanga imbuto ya GM no kuyikoresha muri Amerika ya Ruguru.Muri Amerika, ibihingwa byahinduwe mu buryo bwa genoside nka soya, ibigori, ipamba na canola, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba byarakozwe mu buryo bwa genetike kugira imitungo nko kwihanganira ibyatsi no kurwanya udukoko, ni byo byiciro byiyongera cyane.Kwiyongera kwimbuto ya GM iterwa nimpamvu nyinshi.Muri byo harimo gukenera kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa, gucunga neza ibyatsi n’udukoko, ndetse n’ubushake bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu kugabanya imiti ikoreshwa n’ibindi.Kanada kandi ifite uruhare runini ku isoko ry’akarere, ubwoko bwa GM canola bwihanganira ibyatsi bumaze kuba igihingwa cy’ibanze mu buhinzi bwa Kanada, bufasha kongera umusaruro n’inyungu z’abahinzi.Kubwibyo, ibi bintu bizakomeza gutwara isoko yimbuto ya GM muri Amerika ya ruguru mugihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-17-2024