Isoko ry’imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bw’uturemangingo (GM) ryitezweho kwiyongeraho miliyari 12.8 z’amadolari mu 2028, hamwe n’igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imyaka buri mwaka cya 7.08%. Iyi miterere y’ubwiyongere iterwa ahanini n’ikoreshwa ryagutse ry’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi n’ubworozi kandi rigakomeza guhanga udushya.
Isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ryagize iterambere ryihuse bitewe no gukoresha cyane ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi. Basf ni imwe mu zitanga imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bw'ingirabuzimafatizo zifite akamaro kanini nko kugabanya isuri no kurengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ryibanda ku bintu nko koroshya ibintu, ibyo abaguzi bakunda ndetse n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha ku isi. Dukurikije ibyateganijwe n'isesengura, isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ririmo kwiyongera gukomeye mu gukenerwa, kandi ikoranabuhanga mu by'ingirabuzimafatizo rigira uruhare runini mu gushyiraho urwego rw'ubuhinzi.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bihindura isoko
Gukoresha imbuto za GM mu bijyanye na biofuel biri kwiyongera cyane, kandi bigaragara ko ari byo bituma isoko ritera imbere. Kubera ko hari kwiyongera k'ubukene bwa biofuel, igipimo cyo gukoresha imbuto zahinduwe mu ikoranabuhanga ku isoko mpuzamahanga nacyo kirimo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Byongeye kandi, hamwe no kwita ku kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugabanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, biofuel ikomoka ku bihingwa byahinduwe mu ikoranabuhanga, nk'ibigori, soya n'ibisheke, irimo kuba ingenzi cyane nk'isoko ry'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Byongeye kandi, imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bw'ingirabuzimafatizo zagenewe kongera umusaruro, kwiyongera kw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli na biomass nabyo biri gutuma isoko ry'umusaruro ku isi rijyanye na biofuels ryaguka. Urugero, bioethanol ikomoka ku bigori byahinduwe mu buryo bw'ingirabuzimafatizo ikoreshwa cyane nk'inyongeramusaruro, mu gihe biodiesel ikomoka kuri soya na canola byahinduwe mu buryo bw'ingirabuzimafatizo itanga ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi n'inganda.
Ibyerekezo by'ingenzi by'isoko
Mu nganda zikora imbuto za GM, guhuza ubuhinzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga no gusesengura amakuru byabaye ikintu gikomeye kandi gitera imbere isoko, bihindura imikorere y’ubuhinzi kandi byongera agaciro k’imbuto za GM ku isoko.
Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko gufata amashusho ya satelite, indege zitagira abapilote, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor, n'ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi bitanga umusaruro mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo bakusanye amakuru menshi ajyanye n'ubuzima bw'ubutaka, imiterere y'ikirere, imikurire y'ibihingwa, n'udukoko. Algoritime zo gusesengura amakuru zigatunganya aya makuru kugira ngo zihe abahinzi ibisubizo bifatika kandi zinoze inzira yo gufata ibyemezo. Mu rwego rw'imbuto za GM, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga bugira uruhare mu gucunga no gukurikirana neza ibihingwa bya GM mu buzima bwabyo bwose. Abahinzi bashobora gukoresha ubumenyi bushingiye ku makuru kugira ngo bahindure uburyo bwo gutera, kunoza uburyo bwo gutera, no kunoza imikorere y'ubwoko bw'imbuto za GM.
Imbogamizi zikomeye ku isoko
Ivuka ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'ubuhinzi buhagaze ribangamira ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga gakondo mu bijyanye n'imbuto zahinduwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo kandi ni cyo kibazo gikomeye isoko rihura nacyo muri iki gihe. Bitandukanye n'ubuhinzi busanzwe bwo mu mirima cyangwa ubuhinzi bugezweho, ubuhinzi buhagaze burimo guhuza ibimera buhagaze, akenshi bigashyirwa mu zindi nyubako nk'inyubako ndende, amakontena yo gutwara ibintu, cyangwa ububiko bwahinduwe. Muri ubu buryo, amazi n'urumuri bisabwa n'ibimera ni byo byonyine bigenzurwa, kandi kwishingikiriza kw'ibimera ku miti yica udukoko, ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko n'ibinyabuzima byahinduwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo (Gmos) bishobora kwirindwa neza.
Isoko hakurikijwe ubwoko
Ingufu z'igice cy’abarwanya uburozi bw’ibimera zizongera isoko ry’imbuto za GM. Kwihanganira uburozi bw’ibimera bituma ibimera bishobora kwihanganira ikoreshwa ry’umuti runaka w’ibimera mu gihe bibuza ibyatsi gukura. Ubusanzwe, iki kintu kigerwaho binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo, aho ibihingwa bihinduka imiterere y’uturemangingo kugira ngo bikore imisemburo ikuraho uburozi cyangwa ikarwanya ibintu bikora mu miti y’ibimera.
Byongeye kandi, ibihingwa birwanya glyphosate, cyane cyane ibitangwa na Monsanto kandi bigakorwa na Bayer, biri mu moko arwanya ibyatsi bibi aboneka cyane. Ibi bihingwa bishobora guteza imbere kurwanya ibyatsi bibi bitangiza ibimera bihingwa. Biteganijwe ko iki kintu kizakomeza kuzamura isoko mu gihe kizaza.
Isoko ku bicuruzwa
Imiterere y’isoko ishingiye ku iterambere mu bumenyi bw’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ingirabuzimafatizo. Imbuto za Gm zitanga umusaruro mwiza nko gutanga umusaruro mwinshi no kurwanya udukoko, bityo kwemerwa na rubanda birimo kwiyongera. Ibihingwa byahinduwe nka soya, ibigori n’ipamba byahinduwe kugira ngo bigaragaze imiterere nko kwihanganira imiti yica udukoko no kurwanya udukoko, biha abahinzi ibisubizo byiza byo kubafasha kurwanya udukoko n’ibyatsi bibi mu gihe bongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa. Ubuhanga nko guhuza imiterere ya gene no gucecekesha imiterere ya gene muri laboratwari bukoreshwa mu guhindura imiterere ya gene y’ibinyabuzima no kongera imiterere ya gene. Imbuto za Gm akenshi zigenewe kwihanganira imiti yica udukoko, bigabanura gukenera guca nyakatsi n’intoki no gufasha kongera umusaruro. Ubu buryo bugerwaho binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya gene no guhindura imiterere ya gene hakoreshejwe virusi nka Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Biteganijwe ko isoko ry'ibigori rizagaragaza iterambere rigaragara mu gihe kizaza. Ibigori ni byo byiganje ku isoko mpuzamahanga kandi biri mu bukene bwiyongera, cyane cyane mu gukora ethanol n'ibiryo by'amatungo. Byongeye kandi, ibigori ni byo bihingwa cyane mu gukora ethanol. Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi ya Amerika ivuga ko umusaruro w'ibigori muri Amerika uzagera kuri miliyari 15.1 buri mwaka mu 2022, bizamukaho 7 ku ijana ugereranyije n'umwaka wa 2020.
Si ibyo gusa, umusaruro w’ibigori muri Amerika mu 2022 uzagera ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane. Umusaruro wageze kuri bushel 177.0 kuri hegitari, uvuye kuri bushel 171.4 muri 2020. Byongeye kandi, ibigori bikoreshwa mu nganda nko mu buvuzi, plastiki na lisansi. Uburyo bwinshi bwabyo bwagize uruhare mu musaruro w’ibigori mu gace ka kabiri ku isi gahingwa nyuma y’ingano kandi byitezwe ko bizamura iterambere ry’ibigori no gukomeza guteza imbere isoko ry’imbuto za GM mu gihe kizaza.
Ibice by'ingenzi by'isoko
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada ni byo bifite uruhare runini mu gutunganya no gukoresha imbuto za GM muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibihingwa byahinduwe nka soya, ibigori, ipamba na canola, ibyinshi muri byo byahinduwe kugira ngo bigire imiterere nko kwihanganira imiti yica udukoko no kurwanya udukoko, ni byo byiganjemo ibyiciro byo guhinga. Gukwirakwira kw'imbuto za GM biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Ibi birimo kongera umusaruro w'ibihingwa, kurwanya neza ibyatsi n'udukoko, ndetse no gushaka kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije binyuze mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti, n'ibindi. Kanada kandi ifite uruhare runini ku isoko ry'akarere, aho ubwoko bwa canola bwa GM bwihanganira imiti bwabaye igihingwa cy'ingenzi mu buhinzi bwa Kanada, bigafasha kongera umusaruro no kunguka kw'abahinzi. Kubwibyo, ibi bintu bizakomeza guteza imbere isoko ry'imbuto za GM muri Amerika ya Ruguru mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 17 Mata 2024