1. Ingano zo mu mpeshyi
Harimo Akarere k’Ubuyisilamu ka Mongolia yo hagati, Akarere k’Ubuyisilamu ka Ningxia Hui ko mu majyaruguru, Intara ya Gansu yo hagati n’iy’iburengerazuba, Intara ya Qinghai y’iburasirazuba n’Akarere k’Ubuyisilamu ka Xinjiang Uygur.
(1) Ihame ryo gutera intanga
1. Dukurikije imiterere y'ikirere n'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka, gena umusaruro wifuza, shyiramo ifumbire ya azote na fosifore mu buryo bukwiye, shyiramo ifumbire ya potasiyumu mu buryo bukwiye, kandi wongereho ifumbire nto ku gipimo gikwiye hashingiwe ku miterere y'intungamubiri z'ubutaka.
2. Gushishikariza ingano yose y'ibyatsi bigomba kugaruzwa mu murima, kongera ifumbire mvaruganda, no guhuza ifumbire mvaruganda n'iy'umwimerere kugira ngo ubutaka burusheho kumera neza, kongera umusaruro no kunoza ubwiza.
3. Vanga azote, fosifore na potasiyumu, shyiramo ifumbire mvaruganda kare, kandi ushyiremo ifumbire yo hejuru neza. Genzura neza ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire mvaruganda n'ubwiza bw'ibihingwa kugira ngo urebe neza ko ingemwe zimeze neza, zuzuye kandi zikomeye. Gushyira hejuru ku gihe bishobora kurinda ingano kumera neza no gucumbika mu ntangiriro, no kudakoresha ifumbire mvaruganda no kugabanya umusaruro mu cyiciro cya nyuma.
4. Uruvange rw'ibirungo byo hejuru no kuhira. Koresha ifumbire mvaruganda cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda mbere yo kuhira, hanyuma utere umuti wa zinc, boron n'indi fumbire mvaruganda mu gihe cyo gutangira.
(2) Igitekerezo cyo gufumbira
1. Saba 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) cyangwa formula isa nayo, kandi wongere ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire y'imborera ku kigero cya metero kibe 2-3 / mu aho imiterere y'ubutaka ibikwemerera.
2. Ingano y'umusaruro ni munsi ya kg 300/mu, ifumbire mvaruganda ni kg 25-30/mu, naho urea yo hejuru ni kg 6-8/mu hamwe no kuhira kuva igihe cyo kuzamuka kugeza igihe cyo guhuza.
3. Igipimo cy'umusaruro ni 300-400 kg/mu, ifumbire mvaruganda ni 30-35 kg/mu, naho urea yo hejuru ni 8-10 kg/mu hamwe no kuhira kuva igihe cyo kuzamuka kugeza igihe cyo guhuza.
4. Ingano y'umusaruro ni 400-500 kg/mu, ifumbire mvaruganda ni 35-40 kg/mu, naho urea yo hejuru ni 10-12 kg/mu hamwe no kuhira kuva igihe cyo kuzamuka kugeza igihe cyo guhuza.
5. Igipimo cy'umusaruro ni 500-600 kg/mu, ifumbire mvaruganda ni 40-45 kg/mu, naho urea yo hejuru ni 12-14 kg/mu hamwe no kuhira kuva igihe cyo kuzamuka kugeza igihe cyo guhuza.
6. Ingano y'umusaruro irenga kg 600/mu, ifumbire mvaruganda ni kg 45-50/mu, naho urea yo hejuru ni kg 14-16/mu hamwe no kuhira kuva igihe cyo kuzamuka kugeza igihe cyo guhuza.
2. Ibirayi
(1) Agace ka mbere k'ibirayi gahingwamo mu majyaruguru
Harimo Akarere ka Mongoli y'Imbere, Intara ya Gansu, Akarere ka Ningxia Hui, Intara ya Hebei, Intara ya Shanxi, Intara ya Shaanxi, Intara ya Qinghai, Akarere ka Xinjiang Uygur.
1. Ihame ryo gutera intanga
(1) Kugena ingano ikwiye y'ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote, fosifore na potasiyumu hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubutaka n'umusaruro w'ingenzi.
(2) Kugabanya igipimo cy'ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote ikoreshwa mu buryo bukwiye, kongera umubare w'ifumbire yo hejuru, no kongera ifumbire ya azote mu gihe cyo gushinga imizi y'ibirayi no mu gihe cyo gukura kw'ibirayi.
(3) Dukurikije uko intungamubiri z’ubutaka zimeze, ifumbire mvaruganda n’iy’ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu gutera amababi mu gihe cy’ikura rikomeye ry’ibirayi.
(4) Ongera ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire mvaruganda, kandi ushyiremo ifumbire mvaruganda n'ifumbire mvaruganda icyarimwe. Iyo ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshejwe nk'ifumbire mvaruganda, ingano y'ifumbire mvaruganda ishobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.
(5) Guhuza ifumbire no kurwanya udukoko n'ibyatsi bibi, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane kurwanya indwara.
(6) Ku mirima ifite imiterere nko kuhira amazi no kuhira imiyoboro yo kuhira, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bwo guhuza amazi n'ifumbire.
2. Inama ku bijyanye n'ifumbire
(1) Ku butaka bwumye bufite umusaruro uri munsi ya kg 1000/mu, ni byiza gukoresha 19-10-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) cyangwa ifumbire y'ifumbire ifite formula isa na yo ya kg 35-40/mu. Gukoresha rimwe mu gihe cyo gutera.
(2) Ku butaka buvomererwa bufite umusaruro wa kilogarama 1000-2000/mu, ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda (11-18-16) kilogarama 40/mu, ushyiramo urea 8-12 kg/mu kuva ku ntambwe y’ibyiciro kugeza ku ntambwe y’ikura ry’ibirayi, Potasiyumu sulfate 5-7 kg/mu.
(3) Ku butaka buvomererwa bufite umusaruro wa kilogarama 2000-3000/mu, ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda (11-18-16) kilogarama 50/mu nk'ifumbire y'imbuto, hanyuma urea ishyirwa hejuru ya kilogarama 15-18/mu mu byiciro kuva ku cyiciro cy'imbuto kugeza ku cyiciro cyo gukura kw'ibijumba, potasiyumu sulfate kilogarama 7-10/mu.
(4) Ku butaka buvomererwa bufite umusaruro urenga kg 3000/mu, ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda (11-18-16) kg 60/mu nk'ifumbire y'imbuto, hanyuma urea ishyirwa hejuru ya kg 20-22/mu mu byiciro kuva ku cyiciro cy'imbuto kugeza ku cyiciro cyo gukura kw'ibijumba, Potasiyumu sulfate 10-13 kg/mu.
(2) Akarere k'ibirayi byo mu Majyepfo y'Impeshyi
Harimo Intara ya Yunnan, Intara ya Guizhou, Akarere ka Guangxi Zhuang, Intara ya Guangdong, Intara ya Hunan, Intara ya Sichuan, n'Umujyi wa Chongqing.
Inama ku bijyanye no gufumbira
(1) 13-15-17 (N-P2O5-K2O) cyangwa formula isa nayo irasabwa nk'ifumbire mvaruganda, naho urea na potassium sulfate (cyangwa ifumbire y'imvange ya azote-potassium) bikoreshwa nk'ifumbire yo hejuru; 15-5-20 cyangwa formula isa nayo irashobora gutoranywa nk'ifumbire yo hejuru.
(2) Igipimo cy'umusaruro kiri munsi ya kg 1500/mu, kandi ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ya kg 40/mu nk'ifumbire mvaruganda y'ibanze; gushyira hejuru 3-5 kg/mu ya urea na kg 4-5/mu ya potassium sulfate kuva ku ntambwe kugeza ku cyiciro cyo gukura kw'ibirayi, cyangwa gushyira hejuru 15-5-20 kg/mu.
(3) Ingano y'umusaruro ni 1500-2000 kg/mu, kandi ifumbire fatizo isabwa ni 40 kg/mu y'ifumbire y'ifumbire; hejuru hashyirwamo 5-10 kg/mu ya urea na 5-10 kg/mu ya potassium sulfate kuva ku ntambwe kugeza ku cyiciro cyo gukura kw'ibijumba, cyangwa hejuru hashyirwamo ifumbire y'ifumbire y'ifumbire (15-5-20) 10-15 kg/mu.
(4) Ingano y'umusaruro ni 2000-3000 kg/mu, kandi ifumbire fatizo isabwa ni 50 kg/mu y'ifumbire y'ifumbire; hejuru hashyirwamo 5-10 kg/mu ya urea na 8-12 kg/mu ya potassium sulfate kuva ku ntambwe y'imbuto kugeza ku ntambwe yo gukura kw'ibijumba, cyangwa hejuru hashyirwamo ifumbire y'ifumbire y'ifumbire (15-5-20) 15-20 kg/mu.
(5) Igipimo cy'umusaruro kirenze 3000 kg/mu, kandi ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ya formula ya 60 kg/mu nk'ifumbire mvaruganda; gushyira hejuru urea ya 10-15 kg/mu na potassium sulfate ya 10-15 kg/mu mu byiciro kuva ku cyiciro cy'imbuto kugeza ku cyiciro cyo gukura kw'ibirayi, cyangwa gushyira hejuru Shyira ifumbire mvaruganda ya formula (15-5-20) ya 20-25 kg/mu.
(6) Shyira kg 200-500 z'ifumbire mvaruganda cyangwa metero kare 2-3 z'ifumbire mvaruganda yangiritse kuri buri mwaka nk'ifumbire mvaruganda; hakurikijwe ingano y'ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa, ingano y'ifumbire mvaruganda ishobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.
(7) Ku butaka budafite boron cyangwa budafite zinc, 1 kg/mu ya borax cyangwa 1 kg/mu ya zinc sulfate irashobora gushyirwaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Mata 2022