Ibirayi, ingano, umuceri n'ibigori bizwi nka kimwe mu bihingwa bine by'ingenzi ku isi, kandi bifite umwanya ukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'ubuhinzi bw'Ubushinwa. Ibirayi, byitwa kandi ibirayi, ni imboga zisanzwe mu buzima bwacu. Bishobora gukorwamo ibiryo byinshi biryoshye. Birimo intungamubiri nyinshi kurusha izindi mbuto n'imboga. Bikungahaye cyane cyane kuri sitati, imyunyungugu na poroteyine. Bifite "amapera yo munsi y'ubutaka". Umutwe. Ariko mu gihe cyo gutera ibirayi, abahinzi bakunze guhura n'udukoko n'indwara zitandukanye, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z'abahinzi zo gutera. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, indwara y'ibirayi iba nyinshi. None se, ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara y'ibirayi? Wayirinda ute?
Ibimenyetso by'ingaruka Bikunze kwangiza amababi, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ari indwara ya mbere ku mababi yo hasi y’ubushyuhe mu cyiciro cyo hagati n’icya nyuma cy’ikura. Amababi y’ibirayi arandura, guhera hafi y’inkombe y’amababi cyangwa ku mfuruka, utudomo tw’icyatsi kibisi-umukara dutangira, hanyuma buhoro buhoro tukavamo utudomo twinshi tw’umukara dusa n’uruziga tumeze nk’ibara rya “V”, dufite imiterere y’impeta itagaragara, kandi impande z’inyuma z’utudomo durwaye akenshi ziba zifite imiterere ya Chlorence n’umuhondo, amaherezo amababi arwaye arashya kandi aratwikwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe utudomo twinshi tw’umukara wijimye dushobora kugaragara ku tubabo turwaye, ni ukuvuga conidia y’indwara. Hari igihe ishobora kwanduza amashami n’ibiti by’imizabibu, igakora utudomo tw’umukara dusa n’umukara, hanyuma nyuma ikabyara utudomo duto tw’umukara mu gice kirwaye.
Uburyo indwara ibaho: Indwara y’ibirayi iterwa n’ubwandu bw’ibihumyo bidafite ishingiro Phoma vulgaris. Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira mu butaka irimo sclerotium cyangwa hyphae hamwe n’uturemangingo twarwaye, kandi ishobora no kwiyongera mu gihe cy’itumba ku bindi bisigazwa by’inyamaswa. Iyo imiterere y’umwaka utaha ibaye myiza, amazi y’imvura asuka udukoko two mu butaka ku mababi cyangwa ku mizi kugira ngo atere ubwandu bw’ibanze. Iyo indwara imaze kugaragara, sclerotia cyangwa conidia bivuka mu gice cyarwaye. Kwandura indwara kenshi hifashishijwe amazi y’imvura bituma indwara ikwirakwira. Ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bituma iyi ndwara ikwirakwira. Iyi ndwara iba ikomeye cyane mu mirima ifite ubutaka bubi, icungwa neza, iterwa cyane, kandi ibimera bikura nabi.
Uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya Ingamba z'ubuhinzi: guhitamo ubutaka bufite ifumbire nyinshi zo gutera, kumenya ubucucike bukwiye bwo gutera; kongera ifumbire mvaruganda, no gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ya fosifore na potasiyumu mu buryo bukwiye; gukomeza imicungire mu gihe cyo gukura, kuhira no gutunganya hejuru ku gihe, kugira ngo hirindwe gusaza kw'ibimera imburagihe; ku gihe nyuma yo gusarura Kuraho imibiri irwaye mu murima uyirimbure mu buryo buri hagati.
Kurwanya imiti: Gukumira no kuvura indwara mu ntangiriro z’indwara. Mu ntangiriro z’indwara, ushobora guhitamo gukoresha 70% ifu y’amazi ya thiophanate-methyl inshuro 600 z’amazi, cyangwa 70% mancozeb WP inshuro 600 z’amazi, cyangwa 50% iprodione WP 1200 Amazi menshi + 50% ifu y’amazi ya Dibendazim inshuro 500 z’amazi, cyangwa 50% Vincenzolide WP inshuro 1500 z’amazi + 70% Mancozeb WP inshuro 800 z’amazi, cyangwa 560g/L Azoxybacter · Igihe amazi inshuro 800-1200 z’umuti uhagarika Junqing, 5% ifu ya chlorothalonil 1kg-2kg/mu, cyangwa 5% kasugamycin·ifu ya hydroxide y’umuringa 1kg/mu na yo ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutera ahantu harinzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Ukwakira 2021