Kurwanya ibyatsi

Kurwanya ibyatsi bivuga ubushobozi bwarazwe bwa biotype yicyatsi cyo kurokoka imiti yica ibyatsi abaturage bambere bakunze kwibasirwa.Biotype ni itsinda ryibimera biri mubwoko bufite imiterere yibinyabuzima (nko kurwanya imiti yica ibyatsi) bitamenyerewe mubaturage muri rusange.

Kurwanya ibyatsi birashobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye abahinzi ba Carolina y'Amajyaruguru bahura nacyo.Kw'isi yose, biotypes zirenga 100 z'ibyatsi bizwi ko zirwanya imiti imwe cyangwa myinshi ikoreshwa cyane.Muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, kuri ubu dufite biotype ya goosegrass irwanya ibyatsi bya dinitroaniline (Prowl, Sonalan, na Treflan), biotype ya cocklebur irwanya MSMA na DSMA, hamwe na biotype ya ryegras buri mwaka irwanya Hoelon.

Kugeza vuba aha, nta mpungenge nke zatewe no guteza imbere imiti irwanya ibyatsi muri Caroline y'Amajyaruguru.Nubwo dufite amoko atatu afite biotypes irwanya ibyatsi bimwe na bimwe, kuba iyi biotypes byasobanuwe byoroshye no guhinga ibihingwa muri monoculture.Abahinzi basimburanya ibihingwa ntibari bakeneye guhangayikishwa no guhangana.Ibihe ariko byahindutse mumyaka yashize kubera iterambere no gukoresha henshi imiti yica ibyatsi bifite uburyo bumwe bwo gukora (Imbonerahamwe 15 na 16).Uburyo bwibikorwa bivuga inzira yihariye inyuramo ibyatsi byica igihingwa cyoroshye.Uyu munsi, imiti yica ibyatsi ifite uburyo bumwe bwibikorwa irashobora gukoreshwa ku bihingwa byinshi bishobora guhingwa mu kuzunguruka.Ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane ni ibyatsi bibuza sisitemu ya ALS enzyme (Imbonerahamwe 15).Bimwe mubikoreshwa cyane mubyatsi ni ALS inhibitor.Byongeye kandi, ibyinshi mu bimera bishya biteganijwe ko byandikwa mu myaka 5 iri imbere ni ALS inhibitor.Nkitsinda, ALS inhibitor zifite ibintu byinshi biranga bisa nkaho zituma bakura mu kurwanya ibimera.

Imiti yica ibyatsi ikoreshwa mu musaruro w’ibihingwa gusa kubera ko ikora neza cyangwa ikagira ubukungu kurusha ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya nyakatsi.Niba kurwanya imiti yica ibyatsi cyangwa umuryango wimiti yica ibyatsi bigenda bihinduka, imiti yica ibyatsi ntishobora kubaho.Kurugero, kuri ubu ntayindi miti yica ibyatsi irwanya Hoegon irwanya ryegras.Kubwibyo, ibyatsi bigomba gufatwa nkibikoresho byo kurindwa.Tugomba gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi muburyo bubuza iterambere ryokurwanya.

Gusobanukirwa uburyo kurwanya bigenda bihinduka ni ngombwa mu gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kwirinda guhangana.Hariho ibintu bibiri bisabwa kugirango habeho ubwihindurize.Ubwa mbere, urumamfu kugiti cye rufite genes zitanga imbaraga zigomba kuba mubaturage kavukire.Icya kabiri, igitutu cyo gutoranya gituruka ku gukoresha cyane imiti yica ibyatsi abo bantu badasanzwe birwanya bigomba gukoreshwa ku baturage.Abantu barwanya, niba bahari, bagize ijanisha rito cyane ryabaturage muri rusange.Mubisanzwe, abantu barwanya bahari kuri frequence kuva kuri 1 kuri 100.000 kugeza 1 kuri miliyoni 100.Niba imiti imwe yica ibyatsi cyangwa ibyatsi hamwe nuburyo bumwe bwibikorwa byakoreshejwe ubudahwema, abantu banduye baricwa ariko abantu barwanya ntibakomeretse kandi batanga imbuto.Niba igitutu cyo gutoranya gikomeje ibisekuruza byinshi, biotype irwanya amaherezo izagira umubare munini wabaturage.Icyo gihe, kurwanya nyakatsi byemewe ntibishobora kuboneka hamwe na herbicide cyangwa ibyatsi.

Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi kigize ingamba zo gucunga kwirinda ubwihindurize bw’imiti irwanya ibyatsi ni uguhinduranya ibyatsi bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora.Ntukoreshe imiti yica ibyatsi mubyiciro byinshi bishobora guhingwa kubihingwa bibiri bikurikiranye.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ntukore ibirenze bibiri muribi byatsi byangiza cyane kumurima umwe.Ntukoreshe imiti yica ibyatsi murwego ruciriritse-rwibihingwa birenze bibiri bikurikiranye.Imiti yica ibyiciro byibyago bike igomba guhitamo mugihe izagenzura ivangavangaTank ivanze cyangwa uburyo bukurikirana bwimiti yica ibyatsi bifite uburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bikunze kuvugwa nkibigize ingamba zo kurwanya kurwanya.Niba ibice bigize tank bivanze cyangwa ibikurikiranye byatoranijwe neza, iyi stratégie irashobora gufasha cyane mugutinda kwihindagurika.Kubwamahirwe make, byinshi mubisabwa kuvanga tank cyangwa porogaramu zikurikirana kugirango wirinde guhangana ntabwo byujujwe nibisanzwe bivangwa.Kugirango bigire ingaruka nziza mukurinda ubwihindurize bwihindagurika, imiti yica ibyatsi ikoreshwa ikurikiranye cyangwa mvange ya tank igomba kuba ifite uburyo bumwe bwo kugenzura kandi igomba gukomeza gutsimbarara.

Mugihe gishoboka, shyira mubikorwa byo kurwanya imiti nko guhinga muri gahunda yo kurwanya nyakatsi.Komeza inyandiko nziza zikoreshwa mubyatsi muri buri murima kugirango ubone ibizaza.

Kumenya ibyatsi bibi birwanya ibyatsi.Umubare munini wo kunanirwa kurwanya nyakatsi ntabwo biterwa no kurwanya ibyatsi.Mbere yo gutekereza ko urumamfu rurokoka imiti yica ibyatsi birwanya, kura izindi mpamvu zose zishoboka zitera kurwanya nabi.Impamvu zishobora gutera kunanirwa kurwanya nyakatsi zirimo ibintu nko kudakoresha nabi (nkigipimo kidahagije, ubwishingizi bubi, kwishyiriraho nabi, cyangwa kubura umusemburo);ikirere kitameze neza kubikorwa byiza byica ibyatsi;igihe kidakwiye cyo gukoresha ibyatsi (cyane cyane, gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi nyuma ya nyakatsi nini cyane kugirango irinde neza);n'ibyatsi bibi bigaragara nyuma yo gukoresha ibyatsi bigufi bisigaye.

Iyo izindi mpamvu zose zishoboka zitera kugenzura nabi zimaze kuvaho, ibi bikurikira birashobora kwerekana ko hariho biotype irwanya imiti yica ibyatsi: (1) amoko yose asanzwe agenzurwa nicyatsi keretse imwe agenzurwa neza;(2) ibimera bizima byubwoko buvugwa bivangwa mu bimera byo mu bwoko bumwe bishwe;(3) amoko atagenzuwe mubisanzwe ashobora kwibasirwa cyane nicyatsi kivugwa;kandi (4) umurima ufite amateka yo gukoresha cyane imiti yica ibyatsi cyangwa imiti yica ibyatsi hamwe nuburyo bumwe bwibikorwa.Niba hakekwa kurwanya, hita uhagarika gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi hamwe nindi miti yica ibyatsi bifite uburyo bumwe bwo gukora.