Ikoreshwa ryapermethrin. Permethrin ni mugariumuti wica udukokobyagaragaye ko ari byiza kurwanya udukoko dutandukanye tw’udukoko, harimo isazi zo mu nzu. Imiti yica udukoko twa Pyrethide ikora kuri proteine ya sodium ya voltage, ihagarika ibikorwa bisanzwe byimiyoboro ya pore, itera kurasa inshuro nyinshi, kumugara, ndetse amaherezo nimpfu ziterwa nudukoko. Gukoresha permethrine kenshi muri gahunda yo kurwanya udukoko byatumye abantu barwanya udukoko dutandukanye, 16.17,18,19, harimo isazi zo mu rugo 20,21. Kongera imvugo yimisemburo ya metabolike nka transfert ya glutathione cyangwa cytochrome P450, hamwe no kutumva neza intego byagaragaye ko aribwo buryo nyamukuru buganisha ku kurwanya permethrine22.
Niba ubwoko bwishyuye uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko, ibi bizagabanya imikurire ya alleles yo kurwanya iyo twongereye umuvuduko wo guhitamo duhagarika by'agateganyo ikoreshwa ry’udukoko twangiza cyangwa dusimbuza ubundi buryo bwica udukoko. Udukoko twirwanya tuzongera kumva. Ntabwo yerekana kwambukiranya 27,28. Kubwibyo rero, kugirango ucunge neza udukoko no kurwanya udukoko, ni ngombwa kumva neza kurwanya imiti yica udukoko, kurwanya-kwambuka, no kwerekana ibimenyetso by’ibinyabuzima by’udukoko twangiza. Kurwanya no kwambukiranya permethrine mu isazi zo mu rugo byavuzwe mbere muri Punjab, muri Pakisitani 7,29. Ariko, amakuru ajyanye no guhuza imiterere yibinyabuzima byisazi zo munzu arabura. Icyari kigamijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi kwari ugusuzuma ibiranga ibinyabuzima no gusesengura imbonerahamwe y’ubuzima kugira ngo hamenyekane niba itandukaniro riri hagati y’imyororokere riri hagati y’imiterere idashobora kwihanganira permethrine. Aya makuru azadufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa ningaruka zo kurwanya permethrine mu murima no guteza imbere gahunda yo kurwanya.
Imihindagurikire yimiterere yimiterere yibinyabuzima yabaturage irashobora gufasha kwerekana uruhare rwabo no guhanura ejo hazaza h’abaturage. Udukoko duhura ningutu nyinshi mubikorwa byabo bya buri munsi mubidukikije. Guhura n'amashuri makuru ni guhangayikishwa, kandi udukoko dukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zo guhinduranya genetique, physiologique, rimwe na rimwe biganisha ku kurwanya imiti, rimwe na rimwe bikatanga ibintu byangiza. Enzyme 26. Ibikorwa nkibi akenshi birahenze kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka kubuzima bw’udukoko twangiza 27. Ariko, kubura ibiciro byimyororokere mu dukoko twangiza udukoko twica udukoko birashobora guterwa no kubura ingaruka mbi za pleiotropique zijyanye no kurwanya alleles42. Niba nta na hamwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri physiologiya y’udukoko twihanganira, kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko ntibyaba bihenze cyane, kandi udukoko twirwanya ntitwagaragaza umuvuduko mwinshi w’ibinyabuzima kuruta ubwoko bworoshye. Biturutse kubogama kubi 24. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kubuza imisemburo ya disoxifike43 na / cyangwa kuba hariho genes 44 zihindura udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko dushobora kunoza ubuzima bwiza.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imiterere ya permethrine irwanya Perm-R na Perm-F yari ifite igihe gito cyo kubaho mbere yo gukura, igihe kirekire, igihe gito mbere y’intanga ngore, ndetse niminsi mike mbere yo gutera intanga ugereranije na permethrine-yunvikana na Perm- S hamwe nintanga ndende. umusaruro nigipimo kinini cyo kubaho. Indangagaciro zatumye kwiyongera kwimyororokere, imbere, hamwe nigipimo cyimyororokere hamwe nigihe gito ugereranije nigihe cyibisekuru bya Perm-R na Perm-F ugereranije na Perm-S. Kuba hakiri kare impinga ndende na vxj kumurongo wa Perm-R na Perm-F byerekana ko umubare wiyi miterere uziyongera vuba kurusha Perm-S. Ugereranije nubwoko bwa Perm-S, Perm-F na Perm-R byerekanaga urwego ruto kandi rwinshi rwo kurwanya permethrine, 29,30. Imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima y’imiterere irwanya permethrine yerekana ko kurwanya permethrine bidahenze cyane kandi ko bidashobora kuboneka mu itangwa ry’umutungo kamere kugira ngo tuneshe udukoko twangiza udukoko kandi dukore ibikorwa by’ibinyabuzima. Kwiyunga 24.
Ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima cyangwa ibiciro byubuzima bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko twasuzumwe mu bushakashatsi butandukanye, ariko hamwe n’ibisubizo bivuguruzanya. Kurugero, Abbas n'abandi. 45 yize ku ngaruka zo gutoranya laboratoire imidacloprid yica udukoko ku miterere y’ibinyabuzima byo mu rugo. Kurwanya Imidacloprid bishyiraho uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku bantu ku giti cyabo, bikagira ingaruka mbi ku burumbuke bwo mu rugo, kubaho mu bihe bitandukanye by'iterambere, igihe cy'iterambere, igihe cy'ibisekuruza, ubushobozi bw’ibinyabuzima n'ubwiyongere bw'imbere. Hagaragaye itandukaniro riri hagati yikiguzi cy isazi zo munzu kubera kurwanya udukoko twangiza pyrethroid no kutagira imiti yica udukoko. Guhitamo laboratoire ya bagiteri yo murugo hamwe na spinosad nayo ishyiraho ikiguzi cyimyororokere kubintu bitandukanye byibinyabuzima ugereranije nubwoko bworoshye cyangwa butatoranijwe27. Basit et al24 yatangaje ko guhitamo laboratoire ya Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) hamwe na acetamiprid byatumye ibiciro byo kwinezeza bigabanuka. Imbaraga zerekanwe kuri acetamiprid zerekanye igipimo cyimyororokere kiri hejuru, igipimo cyimbere, hamwe nubushobozi bwibinyabuzima kuruta laboratoire-ishobora kwanduzwa nimirima itapimwe. Vuba aha, Valmorbida n'abandi. 47 yatangaje ko pyrethroid - irwanya Matsumura aphid itanga imikorere myiza yimyororokere kandi igabanya ibiciro byimyitozo ngororamubiri.
Iterambere ryimiterere yibinyabuzima biranga permethrine irwanya imbaraga biratangaje kugirango intsinzi yimicungire irambye yo murugo. Bimwe mubiranga ibinyabuzima biranga isazi yo munzu, iyo bigaragaye mumurima, birashobora gutuma habaho iterambere rya permethrine kubantu bavuwe cyane. Imiti irwanya Permethrine ntishobora kwihanganira propoxur, imidacloprid, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, spinosad na spinosad-ethyl29,30. Muri iki gihe, guhinduranya udukoko twica udukoko hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bishobora kuba inzira nziza yo gutinza iterambere ryokurwanya no kurwanya indwara yibasira inzu. Nubwo amakuru yatanzwe hano ashingiye kumibare ya laboratoire, kunoza imiterere yibinyabuzima yimiterere ya permethrine irwanya impungenge kandi bisaba kwitabwaho cyane mugihe ugenzura isazi zo murugo mumurima. Kongera gusobanukirwa ikwirakwizwa ryibice byo kurwanya permethrine birakenewe kugirango umuvuduko witerambere uhangane kandi ukomeze gukora neza mugihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2024