Inzitiramibu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko (ILNs) zikoreshwa igihe kirekire nk'imbogamizi mu kwirinda kwandura malariya. Muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, imwe mu ngamba z'ingenzi zo kugabanya ikwirakwira rya malariya ni ikoreshwa rya ILN. Ariko, amakuru ku ikoreshwa rya ILN muri Etiyopiya ni make. Kubwibyo, ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gusuzuma ikoreshwa rya ILN n'ibindi bifitanye isano mu ngo zo mu Karere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba, muri Leta ya Oromia, muri Etiyopiya y'Amajyepfo mu 2023. Ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku baturage bwakozwe mu Karere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba kuva ku ya 1 kugeza ku ya 30 Gicurasi 2023 hifashishijwe icyitegererezo cy'ingo 2808. Amakuru yakusanyijwe mu ngo hakoreshejwe urutonde rw'ibibazo rwatanzwe n'umukozi wabazaga ibibazo. Amakuru yagenzuwe, ashyirwa mu nyandiko maze ashyirwa muri Epiinfo verisiyo ya 7 hanyuma asukurwa kandi asesengurwa hakoreshejwe SPSS verisiyo ya 25. Isesengura risobanura ryakoreshejwe mu kwerekana inshuro, ibipimo n'imbonerahamwe. Isesengura rya binary logistic regression ryabazwe kandi ibipimo bifite agaciro ka p biri munsi ya 0.25 byatoranyijwe kugira ngo bishyirwe muri moderi ya multivariate. Icyitegererezo cya nyuma cyasobanuwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima amahirwe (intera y’icyizere cya 95%, agaciro ka p kari munsi ya 0.05) kugira ngo hagaragazwe isano iri hagati y’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n’ibintu byigenga. Ingo zigera kuri 2389 (86.2%) zifite inzitiramibu zimara igihe kirekire zishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusinzira. Ariko, ikoreshwa ry’inzitiramibu zimara igihe kirekire ryari 69.9% (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Gukoresha inzitiramibu zimara igihe kirekire byafitanye isano rikomeye no kuba umugore ari umutware w’urugo (AOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33–4.15), umubare w’ibyumba bitandukanye mu nzu (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.23–2.29), igihe cyo gusimbuza inzitiramibu zimara igihe kirekire (AOR 2.81; 95% CI 2.18–5.35), n’ubumenyi bw’ababajijwe (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48–6.97). Muri rusange ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo muri Etiyopiya ryari rito ugereranije n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu (≥ 85). Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibintu nk’umuyobozi w’urugo w’umugore, umubare w’ibyumba bitandukanye mu nzu, igihe cyo gusimbuza imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ndetse n’ubumenyi bw’ababajijwe ari byo byagaragazaga ikoreshwa rya LLIN n’abagize urugo. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo hongerwe ikoreshwa rya LLIN, Ibiro bishinzwe ubuzima by’Akarere ka West Alsi n’abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gutanga amakuru akenewe ku baturage no gushimangira ikoreshwa rya LLIN ku rwego rw’urugo.
Malariya ni ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima rusange ku isi kandi ni indwara yandura itera indwara nyinshi n'impfu. Iyi ndwara iterwa n'udukoko twa protozoan two mu bwoko bwa Plasmodium, twandurira mu kurumwa n'imibu y'ingore ya Anopheles1,2. Abantu bagera kuri miliyari 3.3 bafite ibyago byo kurwara malariya, ikaba ifite ibyago byinshi muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara (SSA)3. Raporo y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) yo mu 2023 igaragaza ko kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye isi bafite ibyago byo kurwara malariya, aho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 233 banduye malariya bagaragaye mu bihugu 29, muri byo abantu bagera ku 580.000 barapfa, abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu n'abagore batwite bakaba ari bo bibasiwe cyane3,4.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere muri Etiyopiya bwagaragaje ko ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry’inzitiramibu igihe kirekire birimo ubumenyi ku buryo malariya yandura, amakuru atangwa n’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima (HEWs), ubukangurambaga mu itangazamakuru, uburezi mu bigo nderabuzima, imyumvire n’ububabare bw’umubiri iyo umuntu aryamye munsi y’inzitiramibu igihe kirekire, kudashobora kumanika inzitiramibu igihe kirekire, ibikoresho bidahagije byo kumanika inzitiramibu, uburyo budahagije bwo kwigisha, kutagira ibikoresho by’inzitiramibu, ibyago bya malariya, no kutamenya ibyiza by’inzitiramibu. 17,20,21 Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko ibindi bintu biranga, harimo ingano y’urugo, imyaka, amateka y’imvune, ingano, imiterere, ibara, n’umubare w’aho umuntu arara, bifitanye isano no gukoresha inzitiramibu igihe kirekire. 5,17,18,22 Ariko, ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagaragaje ko nta sano rinini riri hagati y’umutungo w’urugo n’igihe inzitiramibu zimara zikoreshwa3,23.
Inzitiramibu zimara igihe kirekire, nini bihagije ku buryo zishobora gushyirwa ahantu ho kuryama, byagaragaye ko zikoreshwa kenshi, kandi ubushakashatsi bwinshi mu bihugu byanduye malariya bwemeje akamaro kazo mu kugabanya kwegera abantu batera malariya n'izindi ndwara zandurira mu marariya7,19,23. Mu turere twanduye malariya, gukwirakwiza inzitiramibu zimara igihe kirekire byagaragaye ko bigabanya ubwandu bwa malariya, indwara zikomeye, n'impfu ziterwa na malariya. Inzitiramibu ziterwa imiti yica udukoko byagaragaye ko zigabanya ubwandu bwa malariya ku kigero cya 48–50%. Iyo zikoreshejwe cyane, izi nzitiramibu zishobora gukumira 7% by'impfu z'abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu ku isi24 kandi zifitanye isano no kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kuvukana ibiro bike no kubura umwana uri mu nda25.
Ntibirasobanuka neza uburyo abantu bazi ikoreshwa ry’imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba n’uburyo bayigura. Ibitekerezo n’ibihuha ku kutagira imiyoboro na gato, kuyimanika nabi kandi mu mwanya utari wo, no kudashyira imbere abana n’abagore batwite bikwiye gukorwaho iperereza ryimbitse. Indi mbogamizi ni uko abaturage babona uruhare rw’imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba mu gukumira malariya. 23 Ubwinshi bwa malariya buri hejuru mu turere two mu kibaya cy’Akarere ka Arsi y’Iburengerazuba, kandi amakuru ku ikoreshwa ry’imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba mu ngo no mu baturage ni make cyane. Kubwibyo, intego y’ubu bushakashatsi kwari ukureba uko ikoreshwa ry’imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba n’ibindi bifitanye isano n’ibyo mu ngo zo mu Karere ka Arsi y’Iburengerazuba, mu Karere ka Oromia, mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Etiyopiya rihagaze.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu baturage kuva ku ya 1 kugeza ku ya 30 Gicurasi 2023 mu Karere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba. Akarere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba gaherereye mu Karere ka Oromia mu majyepfo ya Etiyopiya, ku birometero 250 uvuye Addis Ababa. Abaturage b'ako karere ni 2,926,749, bagizwe n'abagabo 1,434,107 n'abagore 1,492,642. Mu Karere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba, abantu bagera ku 963,102 mu turere dutandatu n'umujyi umwe baba mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara malariya; icyakora, uturere icyenda nta malariya irangwamo. Akarere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba gafite imidugudu 352, muri yo 136 irangwamo malariya. Mu bigo nderabuzima 356, 143 ni ibigo nderabuzima birwanya malariya kandi hari ibigo nderabuzima 85, 32 muri byo biri mu turere twibasiwe na malariya. Ibitaro bitatu muri bitanu bivura abarwayi ba malariya. Aka gace gafite imigezi n'ahantu ho kuhira hakwiriye kororerwamo imibu. Mu 2021, imiti yica udukoko 312.224 imara igihe kirekire yatanzwe muri ako karere kugira ngo habeho ubutabazi bwihutirwa, naho itsinda rya kabiri ry’imiti yica udukoko 150.949 imara igihe kirekire ryatanzwe muri 2022-26.
Abaturage bakomokaga muri ako gace bafatwaga nk'ingo zose zo mu karere ka Alsi y'Iburengerazuba n'abatuye muri ako karere mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi.
Abaturage bakoreweho ubushakashatsi batoranijwe mu buryo butunguranye mu ngo zose zujuje ibisabwa mu karere ka Alsi y'Iburengerazuba, ndetse no mu batuye mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara malariya mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi.
Ingo zose ziherereye mu midugudu yatoranijwe yo mu Karere ka Alsi y'Iburengerazuba kandi zimaze amezi arenga atandatu mu gace k’ubushakashatsi zashyizwe mu bushakashatsi.
Ingo zitahawe imiti igabanya ubukana bw’indwara mu gihe cyo gutanga imiti n’izidashobora gusubiza bitewe n’ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga ntizashyizwe mu bushakashatsi.
Ingano y'icyitegererezo cy'intego ya kabiri y'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ikoreshwa rya LLIN yabazwe hashingiwe ku ihame ry'umubare w'abaturage hakoreshejwe porogaramu ya Epi info verisiyo ya 7. Dufashe ko 95% CI, 80% by'imbaraga n'igipimo cy'umusaruro cya 61.1% mu itsinda ritaramenyekana, igitekerezo cyafashwe mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Buhinde bwo hagati13 hakoreshejwe abatware b'ingo batize nk'ihinduka ry'ibintu, hamwe na OR ya 1.25. Dukoresheje ibitekerezo byavuzwe haruguru no kugereranya ibintu bihinduka n'imibare minini, "umuyobozi w'ingo udafite uburezi" yatekerejweho kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano y'icyitegererezo cya nyuma, kuko yatanze icyitegererezo kinini cy'abantu 2808.
Ingano y'icyitegererezo yatanzwe hakurikijwe umubare w'ingo muri buri mudugudu, kandi ingo 2808 zatoranijwe mu midugudu yatoranijwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima ingero. Umubare wose w'ingo muri buri mudugudu wabonetse muri sisitemu y'amakuru yerekeye ubuzima bw'umudugudu (CHIS). Umuryango wa mbere watoranijwe hakoreshejwe tombola. Iyo inzu y'umuntu witabiriye ubushakashatsi yari ifunze mu gihe cyo gukusanya amakuru, hakorwaga ibiganiro bibiri byo gukurikirana kandi byafatwaga nk'aho nta gisubizo cyatanzwe.
Ibintu byigenga byari imiterere y’imibereho y’abaturage (imyaka, imiterere y’abashakanye, idini, amashuri, akazi, ingano y’umuryango, aho umuntu atuye, ubwoko bwe n’amafaranga yinjira buri kwezi), ubumenyi n’ibintu bifitanye isano no gukoresha inzitiramibu mu gihe kirekire.
Ingo zabajijwe ibibazo cumi na bitatu ku bumenyi ku ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko iramba. Igisubizo nyacyo cyahawe inota 1, naho igisubizo kitari cyo gihabwa amanota 0. Nyuma yo gusesengura amanota ya buri wese mu bitabiriye, hakozwe isuzuma ry’amanota mpuzandengo, maze abagize amanota ari hejuru y’impuzandengo bafatwa nk’abafite “ubumenyi bwiza” naho abagize amanota ari munsi y’impuzandengo bafatwa nk’abadafite “ubumenyi” ku ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko iramba.
Amakuru yakusanyijwe hakoreshejwe ibibazo byatanzwe imbonankubone n'umuntu wabazaga ibibazo, kandi yakuwe mu nyandiko zitandukanye2,3,7,19. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku miterere y'imibereho y'abaturage, imiterere y'ibidukikije n'ubumenyi bw'abitabiriye ku ikoreshwa rya ISIS. Amakuru yakusanyijwe ku bantu 28 bari mu gace gakunze kwibasirwa na malariya, hanze y'aho bakusanyirije amakuru, kandi buri munsi akurikiranwa n'inzobere 7 za malariya zo mu bigo nderabuzima.
Urutonde rw'ibibazo rwateguwe mu Cyongereza ruhindurwa mu rurimi rw'icyongereza (Afan Oromo) hanyuma rwongera guhindurwa mu Cyongereza kugira ngo harebwe niba amakuru ahuye. Urutonde rw'ibibazo rwabanje gupimwa kuri 5% by'icyitegererezo (135) hanze y'ikigo nderabuzima cyakoreweho ubushakashatsi. Nyuma yo gupimwa mbere, urutonde rw'ibibazo rwahinduwe kugira ngo habeho gusobanuka no koroshya amagambo. Gusukura amakuru, kuzura, kugenzura imiterere n'ishingiro byakozwe buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane ireme ry'amakuru mbere yo kwinjiza amakuru. Nyuma yo gusuzumana n'umuyobozi, amakuru yose atuzuye kandi adahuye n'ayo makuru yakuwe mu makuru. Abakusanya amakuru n'abagenzuzi bahawe amahugurwa y'umunsi umwe ku buryo n'amakuru yo gukusanya. Umushakashatsi yakurikiranye abakusanya amakuru n'abagenzuzi kugira ngo arebe ko amakuru ari meza mu gihe cyo gukusanya amakuru.
Amakuru yagenzuwe kugira ngo arebe ko ari ukuri kandi ko ahuye, hanyuma ashyirwa muri Epi-info verisiyo ya 7, hanyuma asukurwa kandi asesengurwa hakoreshejwe SPSS verisiyo ya 25. Imibare isobanura nk'imirongo, ibipimo, n'imbonerahamwe byakoreshejwe kugira ngo hagaragazwe ibisubizo. Isesengura rya bivariate binary logistic regression ryabazwe, maze covariate zifite agaciro ka p kari munsi ya 0.25 muri bivariate model zatoranyijwe kugira ngo zishyirwe muri multivariate model. Model ya nyuma yasobanuwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ibintu butegujwe, intervals za 95%, na p values < 0.05 kugira ngo hamenyekane isano iri hagati y'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n'ibihinduka byigenga. Multicollinearity yageragejwe hakoreshejwe ikosa risanzwe (SE), ryari munsi ya 2 muri ubu bushakashatsi. Ikizamini cya Hosmer na Lemeshow goodness-of-fit cyakoreshejwe kugira ngo hamenyekane uko moderi ihuye, kandi agaciro ka p k'ikizamini cya Hosmer na Lemeshow muri ubu bushakashatsi kari 0.746.
Mbere yo gukora ubushakashatsi, Komite ishinzwe amahame mbwirizamuco y’ubuzima ya West Elsea County yafashe icyemezo cy’imyitwarire nk’uko byatangajwe n’Itangazo rya Helsinki. Nyuma yo gusobanura intego y’ubushakashatsi, habonetse amabaruwa yemewe y’uburenganzira aturutse mu biro by’ubuzima byatoranijwe mu karere no mu mujyi. Abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bamenyeshejwe intego y’ubushakashatsi, ibanga n’ibanga. Abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bahawe uburenganzira bwo kuvuga mbere y’uko igikorwa cyo gukusanya amakuru gitangira. Amazina y’ababajijwe ntiyanditswe, ariko buri wese wahawe kode yo kubungabunga ibanga.
Mu babajijwe, abenshi (2738, 98.8%) bari barumvise ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko iramba. Ku bijyanye n’aho amakuru aturuka ku ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko iramba, abenshi mu babajijwe 2202 (71.1%) bayahawe n’abaganga babo. Hafi ya bose 2735 (99.9%) bari bazi ko imiti yica udukoko iramba yacitse ishobora gusanwa. Hafi ya bose 2614 (95.5%) bari bazi imiti yica udukoko iramba kuko ishobora gukumira malariya. Ingo nyinshi 2529 (91.5%) zari zifite ubumenyi buhagije ku miti yica udukoko iramba. Impuzandengo y’ubumenyi bw’ingo ku ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko iramba yari 7.77 aho itandukaniro rya ± 0.91 (Imbonerahamwe ya 2).
Mu isesengura ry’ibintu bifitanye isano n’ikoreshwa ry’inzitiramibu igihe kirekire, ibintu bitandukanye nko kuba igitsina cy’umuntu ubajijwe, aho atuye, ingano y’umuryango, imiterere y’amashuri, imiterere y’umugabo n’umugore, aho umuntu abarizwa, umubare w’ibyumba bitandukanye mu nzu, ubumenyi ku nzitiramibu ziramba, aho agura inzitiramibu ziramba, igihe cyo gukoresha inzitiramibu igihe kirekire, n’umubare w’inzitiramibu mu rugo byahujwe no gukoresha inzitiramibu igihe kirekire. Nyuma yo gukosora ibintu bitera urujijo, ibintu byose bifite agaciro ka p < 0.25 mu isesengura ry’ibi bivariate byashyizwe mu isesengura rya multivariate logistic regression.
Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi kwari ukureba ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba n'ibindi bifitanye isano nayo mu ngo zo mu Karere ka Arsi y'Iburengerazuba, muri Etiyopiya. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibintu bifitanye isano no gukoresha imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba birimo igitsina gore cy'ababajijwe, umubare w'ibyumba bitandukanye mu nzu, igihe gisabwa kugira ngo imiyoboro yica udukoko irangire, n'ubumenyi bw'ababajijwe, ibyo bikaba byari bifitanye isano rikomeye no gukoresha imiyoboro yica udukoko iramba.
Iri tandukaniro rishobora guterwa n’itandukaniro ry’ingano y’ingero, umubare w’abantu bakoreweho ubushakashatsi, aho ubushakashatsi bubera mu turere, n’imiterere y’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Muri iki gihe, muri Etiyopiya, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima irimo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi zo kugabanya umutwaro wa malariya binyuze mu gushyira ingamba zo gukumira malariya muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze, zishobora gufasha kugabanya indwara n’impfu ziterwa na malariya.
Ibisubizo by'ubu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko abagore bayobora ingo ari bo bakoresha imiti yica udukoko iramba ugereranije n'abagabo. Ibi bihuye n'ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Karere ka Ilugalan5, mu Karere ka Raya Alamata33 no mu Mujyi wa Arbaminchi34, muri Etiyopiya, bwagaragaje ko abagore ari bo bakoresha imiti yica udukoko iramba kurusha abagabo. Ibi bishobora kandi kuba biterwa n'umuco wo muri sosiyete ya Etiyopiya uha agaciro abagore kuruta abagabo, kandi iyo abagore babaye abatware b'ingo, abagabo baba bafite igitutu gito cyo gufata icyemezo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko iramba ubwabo. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu cyaro, aho imico n'imigenzo y'umuryango bishobora kuba byiza ku bagore batwite no kubaha cyane imiti yica udukoko iramba kugira ngo birinde kwandura malariya.
Ikindi cyavuye mu bushakashatsi cyagaragaje ko umubare w’ibyumba bitandukanye mu ngo z’abitabiriye inama ufitanye isano rikomeye no gukoresha inzitiramibu ziramba. Ibi byemejwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu turere twa East Belessa7, Garan5, Adama21 na Bahir Dar20. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’uko ingo zifite ibyumba bike bitandukanye mu ngo zikunda gukoresha inzitiramibu ziramba, mu gihe ingo zifite ibyumba bitandukanye mu nzu n’imiryango myinshi zikunda gukoresha inzitiramibu ziramba, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma inzitiramibu zibura mu byumba bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo gusimbuza inzitiramibu zica udukoko kirambye cyari gifitanye isano rikomeye no gukoresha inzitiramibu zica udukoko mu ngo zabo igihe kirekire. Abantu basimbuye inzitiramibu zica udukoko mu myaka itatu ishize bari bafite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha inzitiramibu zica udukoko ugereranije n’izasimbuwe mu myaka itarenze itatu ishize. Ibi bihuye n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu mujyi wa Arbaminchi, muri Etiyopiya34 no mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Etiyopiya20. Ibi bishobora kuba biterwa n’uko ingo zifite amahirwe yo kugura inzitiramibu nshya zo gusimbuza izishaje zishobora gukoresha inzitiramibu zica udukoko mu bagize urugo, bashobora kumva banyuzwe kandi bashishikajwe no gukoresha inzitiramibu nshya mu kwirinda malariya.
Ikindi cyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi cyagaragaje ko ingo zifite ubumenyi buhagije ku miti yica udukoko iramba zari zifite amahirwe akubye kane yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko iramba ugereranije n'ingo zifite ubumenyi buke. Ibi kandi bihuye n'ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Hawassa no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Etiyopiya18,22. Ibi bishobora gusobanurwa n'uko uko ubumenyi bw'urugo n'ubumenyi ku buryo bwo kwirinda ubwandu, ibintu bishobora gutera, ubukana bw'indwara n'ingamba zo kwirinda indwara ku giti cyazo byiyongera, amahirwe yo gukoresha ingamba zo kwirinda yiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ubumenyi bwiza n'imyumvire myiza ku buryo bwo kwirinda malariya bitera imbaraga zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko iramba. Kubwibyo, ingamba zo guhindura imyitwarire zigamije gushishikariza abagize ingo gukurikiza gahunda zo kwirinda malariya binyuze mu gushyira imbere ibintu by'umuco n'uburezi rusange.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibice bitandukanye kandi nta sano ryagaragajwe hagati y’ibitera ikibazo. Gusubira inyuma bishobora kuba byarabayeho. Isuzuma ry’inzitiramibu ryemeza ko gutanga raporo ku bindi byavuye mu bushakashatsi (urugero: ikoreshwa ry’inzitiramibu mu ijoro ryashize, inshuro zo gukaraba inzitiramibu, n’amafaranga mpuzandengo) bishingiye ku makuru yigenga, ashingiye ku buryo umuntu yitabaraga.
Muri rusange ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ryari hasi ugereranije n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bya Etiyopiya (≥ 85). Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko inshuro ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko rimara igihe kirekire ryagizweho ingaruka cyane bitewe n’uko umuyobozi w’urugo ari umugore, umubare w’ibyumba byigenga byari biri mu nzu, igihe byatwaye gusimbuza inzitiramibu imara igihe kirekire, n’uburyo ababajijwe bari bazi byinshi. Kubwibyo, Ikigo gishinzwe ubuzima mu Karere ka Arsi y’Iburengerazuba n’abafatanyabikorwa bireba bagomba gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bongere ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo binyuze mu gutanga amakuru no guhugura bikwiye, ndetse no mu gutanga amakuru arambye ajyanye no guhindura imyitwarire kugira ngo hongerwe ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko rimara igihe kirekire. Kongera imbaraga mu guhugura abakorerabushake, inzego z’abaturage, n’abayobozi b’amadini ku ikoreshwa ryiza ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo.
Amakuru yose yabonetse cyangwa yasesenguwe mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi araboneka ku mwanditsi ubisabye mu buryo bwumvikana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2025