Imiti yica udukoko igira uruhare runini mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara z’ubuhinzi n’amashyamba, kunoza umusaruro w’ibinyampeke no kunoza ubwiza bw’ibinyampeke, ariko ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko nta kabuza rizagira ingaruka mbi ku bwiza n’umutekano w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ubuzima bw’abantu n’umutekano w’ibidukikije. Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga agenga Imicungire y’Imiti yica udukoko, yashyizweho ku bufatanye n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, asaba inzego z’igihugu zishinzwe imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko gushyiraho uburyo bwo kongera kwandikisha kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma n’isuzuma ry’imiti yica udukoko yanditswe buri gihe. Kureba neza ko ingaruka nshya zigaragara ku gihe kandi hagafatwa ingamba zifatika zo kubigenzura.
Kugeza ubu, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada, Megizike, Ositaraliya, Ubuyapani, Koreya y’Epfo na Tayilande byashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura no kongera gusuzuma ingaruka nyuma yo kwiyandikisha hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze.
Kuva hashyirwa mu bikorwa gahunda yo kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko mu 1982, ibisabwa ku makuru yo kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko byavuguruwe inshuro eshatu zikomeye, kandi ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki n'amahame agenga isuzuma ry'umutekano byaranogejwe cyane, kandi imiti yica udukoko ya kera yari yanditswe mbere ntabwo izongera kuzuza ibisabwa byuzuye mu isuzuma ry'umutekano. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, binyuze mu guhuza umutungo, inkunga y'imishinga n'izindi ngamba, Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Icyaro yakomeje kongera imicungire y'umutekano mu kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko, inakurikirana kandi isuzuma ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiti yica udukoko ihumanya cyane kandi ishobora gutera ibyago byinshi. Urugero, ku bijyanye n'ingaruka z'imiti ya metsulfurfuron-methyl, ingaruka z'ibidukikije za flubendiamide n'ingaruka za paraquat ku buzima bw'abantu, itangire ubushakashatsi bwihariye, kandi itangire ingamba zibujijwe zo kuyicunga ku gihe; Byongeye kandi, hagabanyijweho phorate, isofenphos-methyl, isocarbophos, ethoprophos, omethoate, carbofuran mu 2022 na 2023. Imiti umunani yica udukoko ihumanya cyane, nka methomyl na aldicarb, yagabanyije igipimo cy’imiti yica udukoko ihumanya cyane ikagera munsi ya 1% by’umubare wose w’imiti yanditswe, bigabanya neza ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko.
Nubwo Ubushinwa bwagiye butera imbere buhoro buhoro bugasuzuma ikoreshwa n'umutekano w'imiti yica udukoko yanditswe, ntabwo bushyiraho amategeko n'amabwiriza ajyanye no kongera gusuzuma, kandi akazi ko kongera gusuzuma ntabwo gahagije, inzira ntirakosorwa, kandi inshingano nyamukuru ntabwo irasobanutse neza, kandi haracyari icyuho kinini ugereranije n'ibihugu byateye imbere. Kubwibyo, kwigira ku rugero rukuze n'uburambe bw'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, gusobanura neza inzira zo gushyira mu bikorwa n'ibisabwa mu kwiyandikisha mu Bushinwa, no kubaka uburyo bushya bwo gucunga imiti yica udukoko buhuza isuzuma ryo kwiyandikisha, isuzuma ryo kwiyandikisha no gukomeza kwiyandikisha ni ingingo y'ingenzi mu gucunga kugira ngo harebwe neza umutekano w'imiti yica udukoko n'iterambere rirambye ry'inganda.
1 Suzuma icyiciro cy'umushinga
1.1 Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
1.1.1 Gahunda yo gusuzuma ubwoko bwa kera
Mu 1993, Komisiyo y’Uburayi (yitwa “Komisiyo y’Uburayi”) hakurikijwe ingingo z’amabwiriza 91/414, hafi ibintu 1.000 bikora imiti yica udukoko byanditswe ku isoko mbere ya Nyakanga 1993 byongeye gusuzumwa mu byiciro bine. Muri Werurwe 2009, isuzuma ryarangiye, kandi ibintu bikora bigera kuri 250, cyangwa 26%, byongeye kwandikwa kuko byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano; 67% by’ibintu bikora byavuye ku isoko kubera amakuru atuzuye, nta busabe bw’ikigo cyangwa guhagarika gahunda y’ikigo. Ibindi 70 cyangwa 7% by’ibintu bikora byakuweho kuko bitari byujuje ibisabwa mu isuzuma rishya ry’umutekano.
1.1.2 Isuzuma ry'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
Ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko rishya ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ryo Kurwanya Imiti Irwanya Ibiyobyabwenge 1107/2009 ivuga ko Komisiyo y’Uburayi ishobora igihe icyo ari cyo cyose gutangiza isuzuma ry’ibintu bikora byanditswe, ni ukuvuga isuzuma ryihariye. Ubusabe bwo kongera gusuzuma ibintu bikora bwakozwe n’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango hakurikijwe ibyavumbuwe mu bushakashatsi bushya bwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’amakuru ajyanye n’igenzura bugomba kwitabwaho na Komisiyo kugira ngo itangire isuzuma ryihariye. Iyo Komisiyo ibona ko ikintu gikora gishobora kuba kitacyujuje ibisabwa mu kwiyandikisha, izamenyesha ibihugu bigize Umuryango, Ikigo cy’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) n’ikigo gikora ibyo bintu kandi ishyireho igihe ntarengwa cyo gutanga itangazo. Komisiyo ishobora gusaba inama cyangwa ubufasha bwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga ku bihugu bigize Umuryango na EFSA mu mezi atatu uhereye igihe yakiriye ubusabe bw’inama cyangwa ubufasha bwa tekiniki, kandi EFSA izatanga igitekerezo cyayo cyangwa ibyavuye mu kazi kayo mu mezi atatu uhereye igihe yakiriye ubusabe. Iyo byemejwe ko ikintu gikora kitacyujuje ibisabwa byo kwiyandikisha cyangwa ko nta yandi makuru yasabwe yatanzwe, Komisiyo izafata icyemezo cyo gukuraho cyangwa guhindura iyandikwa ry’ikintu gikora hakurikijwe amategeko agenga.
1.1.3 Kuvugurura iyandikwa
Gukomeza kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bingana n’isuzuma rikorwa buri gihe mu Bushinwa. Mu 1991, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi watangaje amabwiriza ya 91/414/EEC, avuga ko igihe cyo kwandikisha ibintu bikora imiti yica udukoko cyanditswe kidashobora kurenza imyaka 10, kandi kigomba kongera gusaba kwandikwa iyo kirangiye, kandi gishobora kongerwa nyuma yujuje ibisabwa byo kwandikisha. Mu 2009, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi watangaje Itegeko rishya rigenga imiti yica udukoko 1107/2009, risimbura 91/414/EEC. Itegeko rya 1107/2009 rivuga ko ibintu bikora n’ibitegurwa by’imiti yica udukoko bigomba gusaba ko byandikwa nyuma y’igihe kirangiye, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo kongera kwandikisha ibintu bikora biterwa n’ubwoko bwabyo n’ibisubizo by’isuzuma: igihe cyo kongera ibikoresho bikora imiti yica udukoko muri rusange ntikirenza imyaka 15; Igihe cy’umukandida wo gusimbuza ntikirenza imyaka 7; Ibintu bikora bikenewe mu kurwanya udukoko n'indwara zikomeye z'ibimera zitujuje ibisabwa ubu, nka kanseri zo mu cyiciro cya 1A cyangwa 1B, uburozi bwo mu cyiciro cya 1A cyangwa 1B, ibintu bikora bifite imiterere ibangamira imisemburo y'amaraso ishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bantu no ku binyabuzima bitari ibyabo, ntibigomba kongerwa igihe kirenze imyaka 5.
1.2 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
1.2.1 kongera kwandikisha ubwoko bwa kera
Mu 1988, Itegeko rya Leta rigenga imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko n’iyica udukoko (FIFRA) ryavuguruwe kugira ngo habeho isuzuma ry’ibintu bikora mu miti yica udukoko ryanditswe mbere y’itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1984. Kugira ngo harebwe ko hubahirizwa ubumenyi bw’abahanga n’amabwiriza ariho ubu. Muri Nzeri 2008, Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) cyarangije isuzuma ry’ibintu bikora 1.150 (bigabanyijemo ingingo 613) binyuze muri gahunda ya kera yo kongera kwiyandikisha, muri yo ingingo 384 zemejwe, ni ukuvuga 63% by’ibice. Hari ingingo 229 ku bijyanye no gukuraho iyandikwa, zigize 37% by’ibice.
Isuzuma ryihariye rya 1.2.2
Dukurikije FIFRA n'amategeko agenga imikorere ya leta (CFR), isuzuma ryihariye rishobora gutangira iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry'umuti wica udukoko ryujuje kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:
1) Ishobora gutera imvune zikomeye ku bantu cyangwa amatungo.
2) Bishobora kuba bitera kanseri, gutera amaraso, uburozi mu nda, uburozi mu gihe cyo kubyara, uburozi mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa uburozi budakira ku bantu.
3) Igipimo cy'ibisigazwa mu binyabuzima bitari ibyagenewe ibidukikije gishobora kungana cyangwa kurenza ubwinshi bw'ingaruka z'uburozi zikabije cyangwa zidakira, cyangwa gishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku kororoka kw'ibinyabuzima bitari ibyagenewe ibidukikije.
4) bishobora guteza akaga ku bwoko buri mu kaga cyangwa buri mu kaga ko gukomeza kubaho nk'uko biteganywa n'Itegeko ry'Ubutaka buri mu kaga.
5) Bishobora kwangiza ahantu hakomeye ho gutura cyangwa mu makuba cyangwa izindi mpinduka mbi.
6) Hashobora kubaho ingaruka ku bantu cyangwa ku bidukikije, kandi ni ngombwa kumenya niba inyungu zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko zishobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku mibereho, ubukungu n'ibidukikije.
Isuzuma ryihariye risanzwe rikubiyemo isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ingaruka imwe cyangwa nyinshi zishobora kubaho, hagamijwe kugabanya ibyago by’umuti wica udukoko binyuze mu gusuzuma amakuru asanzweho, kubona amakuru mashya cyangwa gukora ibizamini bishya, gusuzuma ibyago byagaragaye no kugena ingamba zikwiye zo kugabanya ibyago. Nyuma y’uko isuzuma ryihariye rirangiye, EPA ishobora gutangiza ibikorwa byemewe byo gukuraho, kwanga, guhindura imiterere, cyangwa guhindura iyandikwa ry’umuti uvugwaho. Kuva mu myaka ya 1970, EPA yakoze isuzuma ryihariye ry’imiti irenga 100 kandi yarangije inyinshi muri izo suzuma. Kuri ubu, hari isuzuma ryihariye ritarakorwa: aldicarb, atrazine, propazine, simazine, na ethyleneoxide.
1.2.3 Isuzuma ry'iyandikisha
Bitewe n'uko gahunda yo kongera kwandikisha ubwoko bw'ibimera ishaje yarangiye kandi isuzuma ryihariye rimaze imyaka myinshi, EPA yafashe icyemezo cyo gutangiza isuzuma rishya nk'inyongera ku isuzuma ryihariye ry'ubwoko bw'ibimera rya kera. Isuzuma rishya rya EPA ringana n'isuzuma ryihariye mu Bushinwa, kandi ishingiro ryaryo mu mategeko ni Itegeko ryo Kurengera Ubwiza bw'Ibiribwa (FQPA), ryatanze igitekerezo cyo gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko ku nshuro ya mbere mu 1996, kandi ryavuguruye FIFRA. EPA isabwa gusuzuma buri gihe imiti yica udukoko yanditswe nibura rimwe mu myaka 15 kugira ngo irebe ko buri miti yica udukoko yanditswe ikomeza kubahiriza amahame ariho ubu uko inzego z'isuzuma ry'ibyago zigenda zihinduka kandi politiki zigahinduka.
Mu 2007, FIFRA yasohoye ivugurura ryo gutangiza ku mugaragaro isuzuma rishya, isaba EPA kurangiza isuzuma ryayo ry’imiti yica udukoko 726 yanditswe mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2007, bitarenze tariki ya 31 Ukwakira 2022. Nk’uko biteganywa n’icyemezo cyo gusuzuma, EPA igomba kandi kuzuza inshingano zayo nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko ry’Imiti Ishobora Gucika yo gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ingaruka hakiri kare ku miti icika. Ariko, kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, gutinda kohereza amakuru y’abasaba ndetse n’uburemere bw’isuzuma, akazi ntikarangirira ku gihe. Mu 2023, EPA yasohoye gahunda nshya y’imyaka 3 yo gusuzuma, izavugurura igihe ntarengwa cyo gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko 726 yanditswe mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2007, n’imiti yica udukoko 63 yanditswe nyuma y’iyo tariki ikagera ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2026. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko, uko umuti wica udukoko waba warongeye gusuzumwa, EPA izafata ingamba zikwiye zo kugenzura igihe izasanga ko iyi miti yica udukoko iteza ibyago byihutirwa ku bantu cyangwa ku bidukikije bisaba kwitabwaho byihuse.
2 Uburyo bifitanye isano
Nk’uko isuzuma ry’ubwoko bwa kera bw’i Burayi ryakozwe, imishinga yo kongera kwandikisha ubwoko bwa kera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’imishinga yihariye yo kongera gusuzuma yararangiye, ubu, EU ahanini binyuze mu kongera igihe cyo kwiyandikisha, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ahanini binyuze mu mushinga wo kongera gusuzuma kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ry’umutekano ry’imiti yica udukoko yanditswe, ibi bikaba bingana n’isuzuma rikorwa buri gihe mu Bushinwa.
2.1 Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Gukomeza kwandikisha mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigabanyijemo intambwe ebyiri, iya mbere ni ugukomeza kwandikisha ibikoresho bikora. Ibikoresho bikora bishobora kuvugururwa iyo bigaragaye ko ikoreshwa rimwe cyangwa menshi y’ibikoresho bikora n’umusaruro umwe wo gutegura urimo ibikoresho bikora byujuje ibisabwa mu kwiyandikisha. Komisiyo ishobora guhuza ibikoresho bikora bisa kandi igashyiraho gahunda z’ibanze n’iz’akazi hashingiwe ku ngaruka zabyo ku buzima bw’abantu n’inyamaswa ndetse n’umutekano w’ibidukikije, izirikana, uko bishoboka kose, ko hakenewe kugenzura no gucunga neza uburyo bwo kurwanya intego. Gahunda igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira: inzira zo gutanga no gusuzuma ubusabe bwo kuvugurura kwiyandikisha; Amakuru agomba gutangwa, harimo n’ingamba zo kugabanya igeragezwa ry’inyamaswa, nko gukoresha ingamba zo gupima mu buryo bw’ubwenge nko gusuzuma mu buryo bwa vitro; Itariki ntarengwa yo gutanga amakuru; Amategeko mashya yo gutanga amakuru; Igihe cyo gusuzuma no gufata ibyemezo; No guha ibihugu bigize umuryango isuzuma ry’ibikoresho bikora.
2.1.1 Ibikoresho bikora
Ibikoresho bikora bitangira mu gihe gikurikira cyo kuvugurura imyaka 3 mbere yuko igihe cyo kwiyandikisha kirangira, kandi abashaka kuvugurura kwiyandikisha (yaba usaba igihe cyo kwemezwa bwa mbere cyangwa abandi basaba) bagomba gutanga ubusabe bwabo imyaka 3 mbere yuko icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha kirangira. Isuzuma ry'amakuru ku gukomeza kwandikisha ibikoresho bikora rikorwa ku bufatanye bw'igihugu kigize umuvugizi (RMS) n'igihugu kigize umuvugizi (Co-RMS), hamwe n'uruhare rwa EFSA n'ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango. Hakurikijwe ibipimo byashyizweho n'amabwiriza, amabwiriza n'amabwiriza bireba, buri gihugu kigize umuryango gishyiraho Igihugu kigize umuryango gifite umutungo n'ubushobozi bukenewe (abakozi, akazi gahagije, nibindi) nk'igihugu kiyobora. Bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye, Igihugu kigize umuryango n'Igihugu kigize umuryango gitegura isuzuma rishya bishobora kuba bitandukanye n'Igihugu cyanditswemo bwa mbere. Ku ya 27 Werurwe 2021, Itegeko 2020/1740 rya Komisiyo y'Uburayi ryatangiye gukurikizwa, rishyiraho ingingo zihariye zo kuvugurura iyandikwa ry'ibintu bikora ku miti yica udukoko, bireba ibintu bikora igihe cyo kwiyandikisha kiri ku ya 27 Werurwe 2024 cyangwa nyuma yayo. Ku bintu bikora bizarangira mbere ya 27 Werurwe 2024, Itegeko 844/2012 rizakomeza gukurikizwa. Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvugurura iyandikwa muri EU ni ubu bukurikira.
2.1.1.1 Itangazo mbere yo gusaba no gutanga ibitekerezo ku byo umuntu yakwitaho mbere yo gusaba
Mbere yo gusaba kuvugurura iyandikisha, ikigo kigomba kubanza gushyikiriza EFSA imenyesha ry’imanza zigomba gukorwa mu rwego rwo gushyigikira kuvugurura iyandikisha, kugira ngo EFSA ibashe kuyiha inama zirambuye kandi igire inama rusange kugira ngo iburanisha rigomba gukorwa ku gihe kandi mu buryo bukwiye. Ibigo bishobora gusaba inama EFSA igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mbere yo kuvugurura ubusabe bwabyo. EFSA igomba kumenyesha Leta iyoboye cyangwa Leta iyoboye itangazo ryatanzwe n’ikigo kandi igatanga inama rusange ishingiye ku isuzuma ry’amakuru yose ajyanye n’ikintu gikora, harimo n’amakuru yo kwiyandikisha mbere cyangwa amakuru yo gukomeza kwiyandikisha. Iyo abasaba benshi icyarimwe basabye inama ku kuvugurura iyandikisha ry’igice kimwe, EFSA igomba kubagira inama yo gutanga ubusabe bwo kuvugurura buhuriweho.
2.1.1.2 Kohereza no kwakira ubusabe
Usaba agomba gutanga ubusabe bwo kuvugurura inyandiko mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga mu myaka 3 mbere yuko iyandikwa ry'ibintu bikora rirangira binyuze mu buryo bwo gutanga inyandiko bwagenwe n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, aho Leta iyoboye, Leta iyoboye, ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango, EFSA na Komisiyo bashobora kumenyeshwa. Leta iyoboye igomba kumenyesha usaba, Leta iyoboye, Komisiyo na EFSA, mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe uhereye igihe ubusabe bwashyikirijwe, itariki yakiriweho n'uko ubusabe bwo kuvugurura bwemerewe. Iyo hari ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bibuze mu nyandiko zatanzwe, cyane cyane niba amakuru yuzuye y'ibizamini adatanzwe nk'uko bisabwa, igihugu kiyoboye kigomba kumenyesha usaba inyandiko zibura mu kwezi kumwe uhereye igihe ubusabe bwakiriwe, kandi kigasaba ko zisimburwa mu minsi 14, niba inyandiko zibura zitatanzwe cyangwa nta mpamvu zumvikana zatanzwe mu gihe cyo kurangira, ubusabe bwo kuvugurura ntibuzemerwa. Leta iyoboye igomba kumenyesha usaba, Leta iyoboye, Komisiyo, ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango na EFSA icyemezo n'impamvu zo kutakirwa kwacyo. Mbere y'uko igihe ntarengwa cyo gukomeza ubusabe kigera, Igihugu gifatanyije kuyobora kigomba kumvikana ku mirimo yose yo gusuzuma no kugena imikoro y'akazi.
2.1.1.3 Isuzuma ry'amakuru
Iyo ubusabe bwo gukomeza bwemewe, Igihugu gikurikiranye kizasuzuma amakuru y'ingenzi kandi gishake ibitekerezo bya rubanda. EFSA, mu minsi 60 uhereye umunsi ubusabe bwo gukomeza bwasohoweho, yemerera rubanda gutanga ibitekerezo byanditse ku makuru y'ubusabe bwo gukomeza ndetse no kuba hari andi makuru cyangwa igerageza bireba. Igihugu gikurikiranye n'Igihugu gikurikiranye kizakora isuzuma ryigenga, ridafite aho ribogamiye kandi risobanutse neza niba ikintu gikora kicyujuje ibisabwa mu kwiyandikisha, hashingiwe ku byavumbuwe mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'inyandiko z'ubuyobozi zikurikizwa, gusuzuma amakuru yose yakiriwe ku busabe bwo kongera kuvugurura, amakuru yo kwiyandikisha yatanzwe mbere n'imyanzuro y'isuzuma (harimo n'isuzuma ryakozwe mbere) n'ibitekerezo byanditse byakiriwe mu gihe cy'inama rusange. Amakuru yatanzwe n'abasaba arenze urugero rw'ubusabe, cyangwa nyuma y'itariki ntarengwa yo gutanga, ntazitabwaho. Igihugu gikurikiranye kigomba kohereza raporo y'isuzuma ry'ivugurura (dRAR) kuri Komisiyo na EFSA mu mezi 13 uhereye igihe ubusabe bwo kongera kuvugurura bwatanzwe. Muri iki gihe, Igihugu gikurikiranye gishobora gusaba amakuru y'inyongera ku wasabye no gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa cy'andi makuru, gishobora kandi gusaba EFSA cyangwa gusaba andi makuru ya siyansi na tekiniki ku bindi bihugu bigize Umuryango, ariko ntikigomba gutuma igihe cy'isuzuma kirenga amezi 13 yagenwe. Raporo y'isuzuma ry'igihe cyo kwiyandikisha igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira byihariye:
1) Ibyifuzo byo gukomeza kwiyandikisha, harimo n'ibisabwa byose n'amategeko.
2) Inama ku bijyanye no kumenya niba ikintu gikora kigomba gufatwa nk'ikintu "gifite ingaruka nke".
3) Inama ku bijyanye no kumenya niba ikintu gikora gikwiye gufatwa nk'ikintu gishobora gusimburwa.
4) Ibyifuzo byo gushyiraho umupaka ntarengwa w’ibisigazwa (MRL), cyangwa impamvu zo kutabishyiramo MRL.
5) Inama zo gushyira mu byiciro, kwemeza cyangwa guhindura imiterere y'ibintu bikora.
6) Kugena igeragezwa riri mu makuru ajyanye no gukomeza kwiyandikisha rijyanye n'isuzumabumenyi.
7) Inama ku bice bya raporo bigomba kwitabwaho n'impuguke.
8) Iyo bibaye ngombwa, Igihugu gifatanya kuyobora nticyemera ingingo z’isuzuma ry’Igihugu giyoboye, cyangwa ingingo zitari zishingiyeho mu bihugu bigize Inama Ihuriweho y’Ibihugu biyobora.
9) Ibyavuye mu nama rusange n'uko bizashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Igihugu giyoboye kigomba kuvugana vuba n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura imiti, kandi, nyuma ya byose, kigatanga icyifuzo ku Kigo cy'Uburayi gishinzwe imiti (ECHA) mu gihe cyo gutanga raporo y'isuzumabikorwa kugira ngo nibura haboneke icyiciro gikurikije amabwiriza agenga ishyirwa mu byiciro rya EU, gushyiraho ibirango no gupakira ibintu n'ibivange. Ikintu gikora ni uburozi bukabije, uburozi bukabije, kwangirika/gushyuha k'uruhu, gukomereka mu maso/gushyuha gukomeye, ubwivumbure bw'ubuhumekero cyangwa uruhu, guhinduka kw'uturemangingo tw'imiti, kanseri, uburozi bwo kubyara, uburozi bwihariye bw'ingingo zigamije kuva ku guhura rimwe cyangwa kenshi, hamwe n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibyago ku bidukikije byo mu mazi. Igihugu cy'igerageza kizagaragaza neza impamvu ikintu gikora kitujuje ibisabwa mu ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bw'ibyago, kandi ECHA ishobora kugira icyo ivuga ku bitekerezo bya Leta y'igerageza.
2.1.1.4 Ibitekerezo ku mushinga wa raporo y'isuzumabikorwa ry'ibanze
EFSA igomba gusuzuma niba raporo y’isuzuma ry’igenzura ry’ikomeza ry’ibaruramari irimo amakuru yose akenewe, ikayishyikiriza usaba n’ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango bitarenze amezi 3 nyuma yo kwakira raporo. Usaba amaze kwakira raporo y’isuzuma ry’ikomeza ry’ibaruramari, ashobora, mu byumweru bibiri, gusaba EFSA kubika amakuru amwe n’amwe mu ibanga, kandi EFSA igomba gushyira ahagaragara raporo y’isuzuma ry’ikomeza ry’ibaruramari, uretse amakuru y’ibanga yemewe, hamwe n’amakuru mashya yerekeye ubusabe bwo gukomeza. EFSA izemerera abaturage gutanga ibitekerezo byanditse mu minsi 60 uhereye igihe raporo y’isuzuma ry’ikomeza ry’ibaruramari yasohowe, no kubyohereza hamwe n’ibitekerezo byabo bwite, ku butegetsi, ku butegetsi bufatanyije cyangwa ku itsinda ry’ibihugu bigize umuryango bifatanyije kuyobora.
2.1.1.5 Isuzuma ry'urungano n'itangwa ry'ibisubizo
EFSA itegura impuguke (impuguke zo mu gihugu giyoboye n'impuguke zo mu bindi bihugu bigize umuryango) kugira ngo zikore isuzuma ry'urungano, ziganire ku bitekerezo by'igihugu giyoboye n'ibindi bibazo bikiri mu nzira, zifate imyanzuro y'ibanze kandi zigire inama rubanda, hanyuma zigashyikiriza Komisiyo y'Uburayi imyanzuro n'imyanzuro kugira ngo byemezwe kandi bisohorwe. Iyo, ku mpamvu zitari mu bubasha bw'usaba, isuzuma ry'ikintu gikora ritararangira mbere y'itariki ntarengwa, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi uzafata icyemezo cyo kongera agaciro k'iyandikwa ry'ikintu gikora kugira ngo ivugururwa ry'iyandikwa risohorwe neza.
2.1.2 Imyiteguro
Ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha kijyanye n’ibyo agomba, mu mezi 3 nyuma yo kuvugururwa kw’iyandikwa ry’ikintu gikora, gutanga ubusabe bwo kuvugurura iyandikwa ry’umuti ku gihugu cy’umunyamuryango cyabonye icyemezo cyo kwandikisha umuti ujyanye na wo. Iyo ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha asabye kuvugurura iyandikwa ry’umuti umwe mu turere dutandukanye, amakuru yose yerekeye ubusabe agomba kumenyeshwa ibihugu byose bigize umuryango kugira ngo byorohereze guhanahana amakuru hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryango. Kugira ngo hirindwe ibizamini bibiri, usaba agomba, mbere yo gukora ibizamini cyangwa ibizamini, kugenzura niba ibindi bigo byabonye icyemezo kimwe cyo kwiyandikisha, kandi agafata ingamba zose zikwiye mu buryo buboneye kandi busobanutse kugira ngo agere ku masezerano yo gusangira raporo y’ibizamini n’ibizamini.
Kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gukora buhujwe kandi bunoze, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kwandikisha uturere mu gutegura, bugabanyijemo uturere dutatu: Amajyaruguru, Hagati n’Amajyepfo. Komite Nyobozi y’akarere (zonal SC) cyangwa ibihugu biyihagarariye bizabaza abafite ibyangombwa byose byo kwandikisha ibicuruzwa niba basaba kuvugurura iyandikisha n’akarere, kandi bigena kandi umwanditsi w’akarere (zonal RMS). Kugira ngo hategurwe mbere y’igihe, Igihugu gishinzwe akarere kigomba kugenwa mbere y’uko hatangwa ubusabe bwo gukomeza gukoresha umuti, ibi bikaba byitezwe ko bikorwa mbere yuko EFSA itangaza imyanzuro y’isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa bikora. Ni inshingano z’Igihugu gishinzwe akarere kwemeza umubare w’abasaba ko bongera gusaba, kumenyesha abasaba icyemezo no kurangiza isuzuma mu izina ry’ibindi bihugu mu karere (isuzuma rikomeza ku mikoreshereze imwe n’imwe y’ibicuruzwa by’imiti rimwe na rimwe rikorwa n’Igihugu kigize Akarere kidakoresheje uburyo bwo kwandikisha akarere). Igihugu gishinzwe isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa bikora kigomba kurangiza kugereranya amakuru y’ibicuruzwa bikora n’amakuru y’ibicuruzwa bikora. Intara iyoboye akarere igomba kurangiza isuzuma ry'amakuru ajyanye n'itegurwa mu mezi 6, ikayoherereza ibihugu bigize umuryango n'abasaba gutanga ibitekerezo. Buri gihugu kigomba kurangiza kwemeza ibicuruzwa byacyo mu mezi atatu. Gahunda yose yo kuvugurura ikoreshwa ry'i ...
2.2 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Mu gikorwa cyo kongera gusuzuma, EPA yo muri Amerika isabwa gukora isuzuma ry’ingaruka, ikamenya niba umuti wica udukoko wujuje ibisabwa mu kwiyandikisha muri FIFRA, kandi igatanga umwanzuro wo gusuzuma. Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imiti yica udukoko cya EPA kigizwe n’amashami arindwi, amashami ane agenga imiti, n’amashami atatu yihariye. Serivisi ishinzwe kwandika no gusuzuma imiti ni Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura, kandi Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura imiti mishya, ikoreshwa n’impinduka mu miti yose isanzwe yica udukoko; Serivisi ishinzwe gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko isanzwe ikorwa nyuma yo kwiyandikisha. Ishami rishinzwe ingaruka ku buzima, Ishami rishinzwe imyitwarire n’ingaruka ku bidukikije n’Ishami rishinzwe isesengura ry’ibinyabuzima n’ubukungu, ari byo bigo byihariye, bishinzwe ahanini gusuzuma amakuru yose ajyanye no kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko no gusuzuma nyuma yo kwiyandikisha, no kurangiza isuzuma ry’ingaruka.
2.2.1 Itsinda ry'insanganyamatsiko
Ingingo yo gusubiramo isuzuma igizwe n'ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bikora kandi ibicuruzwa byose birimo ibyo bintu bikora. Iyo imiterere y'imiti n'imiterere y'uburozi bw'ibintu bitandukanye bikora bifitanye isano ya hafi, kandi igice cyangwa amakuru yose akenewe mu gusuzuma ibyago ashobora gusangizwa, bishobora gushyirwa mu nsanganyamatsiko imwe; Ibikoresho by'imiti irimo ibintu byinshi bikora nabyo bigengwa n'ingingo yo gusubiramo isuzuma kuri buri kintu gikora. Iyo amakuru mashya cyangwa amakuru abonetse, EPA ishobora no guhindura ingingo yo gusubiramo isuzuma. Iyo isanze ibintu byinshi bikora mu ngingo imwe bidasa, EPA ishobora kugabanya ingingo mo ingingo ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zigenga, cyangwa ishobora kongeramo cyangwa gukuramo ibintu bikora mu ngingo yo gusubiramo isuzuma.
2.2.2 Gutegura ingengabihe
Buri ngingo yo gusubiramo isuzuma ifite itariki y'ibanze, ari yo itariki ya mbere yo kwiyandikisha cyangwa itariki yo kongera kwiyandikisha k'umuti wica udukoko wanditswe bwa mbere muri iyo ngingo (itariki yo kongera kwiyandikisha yerekeza ku itariki icyemezo cyo kongera kwiyandikisha cyasinyweho cyangwa icyemezo cy'agateganyo), muri rusange icyo ari cyo cyose cyaba kiri inyuma. Ubusanzwe EPA ishingira gahunda yayo yo gusubiramo isuzuma ku itariki y'ibanze cyangwa isuzuma riheruka, ariko ishobora no gusuzuma ingingo nyinshi zijyanye nayo icyarimwe kugira ngo igire icyo igeraho. EPA izashyira dosiye yo gusubiramo isuzuma, harimo n'itariki y'ibanze, ku rubuga rwayo kandi ikomeze gahunda yo gusubiramo isuzuma ry'umwaka yasohotsemo ndetse nibura imyaka ibiri ikurikiyeho nyuma yaho.
2.2.3 Gusubiramo isuzuma byatangiye
2.2.3.1 gufungura dosiye
EPA itangira isuzuma rishya ikora dosiye rusange kuri buri ngingo yo gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko no gusaba ibitekerezo. Ariko, niba EPA isanze umuti wica udukoko wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo wiyandikishe muri FIFRA kandi nta kindi gikorwa cyo gusuzuma gikenewe, ishobora gusimbuka iyi ntambwe igatangaza icyemezo cyayo cya nyuma binyuze mu gitabo cya Leta. Buri dosiye izakomeza gufungurwa mu gihe cyose cyo gusuzuma kugeza igihe hafashwe umwanzuro wa nyuma. Dosiye irimo, ariko ntigarukira gusa kuri ibi bikurikira: incamake y'aho umushinga wo gusuzuma udukoko ugeze; Urutonde rw'abiyandikishije n'abiyandikishije basanzweho, itangazo iryo ari ryo ryose rya Rejisitiri ya Leta rijyanye no kwiyandikisha biteganijwe, imipaka iriho cyangwa isigaye; Inyandiko zo gusuzuma ibyago; Urutonde rw'inyandiko ziriho; Incamake y'amakuru yerekeye impanuka; N'andi makuru cyangwa amakuru ajyanye nayo. Dosiye kandi irimo gahunda y'akazi y'ibanze irimo amakuru y'ibanze EPA ifite ubu yerekeye umuti wica udukoko ugomba kugenzurwa n'uko uzakoreshwa, hamwe n'isuzuma ry'ibyago riteganyijwe, ibikenewe mu makuru, na gahunda yo gusuzuma.
2.2.3.2 Ibitekerezo bya rubanda
EPA itangaza mu gitabo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugira ngo abaturage bagire icyo bavuga kuri dosiye y’isuzumabumenyi rishya na gahunda y’akazi y’ibanze mu gihe kitari munsi y’iminsi 60. Muri iki gihe, abafatanyabikorwa bashobora kubaza ibibazo, gutanga ibitekerezo cyangwa gutanga amakuru ajyanye nabyo. Gutanga ayo makuru bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira.
1) Amakuru ajyanye n'ibyo agomba gutangwa mu gihe cyagenwe cyo gutanga ibitekerezo, ariko EPA izasuzuma, uko ibyifuza, niba ikwiye gukoresha amakuru cyangwa amakuru yatanzwe nyuma yaho.
2) Amakuru agomba gutangwa mu buryo busomeka kandi bushobora gukoreshwa. Urugero, inyandiko iyo ari yo yose itari mu Cyongereza igomba kuba iherekejwe n'ubuhinduzi bw'Icyongereza, kandi amakuru yose yatanzwe mu buryo bw'amajwi cyangwa amashusho agomba kuba aherekejwe n'inyandiko. Inyandiko zanditse zishobora gutangwa mu mpapuro cyangwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
3) Uwatanze ubutumwa agomba kugaragaza neza aho amakuru cyangwa amakuru yatanzwe yaturutse.
4) Ushinzwe gusesengura amakuru ashobora gusaba ko EPA yongera gusuzuma amakuru yanzwe mu isuzuma ryabanje, ariko agomba gusobanura impamvu zo kongera kuyasuzuma.
Hashingiwe ku makuru yakiriwe mu gihe cy'ibitekerezo n'isuzuma ryabanje, EPA itegura kandi igatanga gahunda y'akazi ya nyuma irimo amakuru asabwa kuri gahunda, ibitekerezo byakiriwe, n'incamake y'ibisubizo bya EPA.
Iyo ikintu gikora ku miti yica udukoko kidafite inyandiko y’umusaruro, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byose byanditswe bikavanwaho, EPA ntizongera gusuzuma umuti wica udukoko.
2.2.3.3 Uruhare rw'abafatanyabikorwa
Kugira ngo hongerwe ubwisanzure n'ubwitabire no gukemura ibibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku isuzuma ry'ibyago by'imiti yica udukoko no gufata ibyemezo byo gucunga ibyago, nko kwandika ibirango bitazwi neza cyangwa amakuru y'igerageza abura, EPA ishobora gukora inama n'abafatanyabikorwa ku ngingo ziri imbere cyangwa zigikomeza kuvugurura. Kugira amakuru ahagije hakiri kare bishobora gufasha EPA kugabanya isuzuma ryayo mu bice bikenewe kwitabwaho. Urugero, mbere yo gutangira isuzuma rishya, EPA ishobora kugisha inama ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha cyangwa ukoresha imiti yica udukoko ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa n'imikoreshereze y'umuti, kandi mu gihe cyo kongera gusuzuma, EPA ishobora kugisha inama ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha, ukoresha imiti yica udukoko cyangwa abandi bakozi babishinzwe kugira ngo bafatanye gutegura gahunda yo gucunga ibyago by'imiti yica udukoko.
2.2.4 Kongera gusuzuma no gushyira mu bikorwa
2.2.4.1 Suzuma impinduka zabaye kuva isuzuma riheruka
EPA izasuzuma impinduka zose mu mategeko, politiki, uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka, cyangwa ibisabwa mu makuru byabayeho kuva isuzuma riheruka ry’iyandikisha, imenye akamaro k’izo mpinduka, kandi irebe niba umuti wica udukoko wongeye gusuzumwa ucyujuje ibisabwa na FIFRA. Muri icyo gihe, isuzume amakuru yose mashya cyangwa amakuru kugira ngo imenye niba isuzuma rishya ry’ingaruka cyangwa isuzuma rishya ry’ingaruka/inyungu ari ngombwa.
2.2.4.2 Gukora isuzuma rishya uko bikenewe
Iyo bigaragaye ko isuzuma rishya rikenewe kandi amakuru asanzwe ahagije, EPA izongera gukora isuzuma ry’ibyago cyangwa isuzuma ry’ibyago/inyungu. Iyo amakuru cyangwa amakuru asanzwe atujuje ibisabwa mu isuzuma rishya, EPA izajya itanga itangazo ryo guhamagara nyir'icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya FIFRA. Nyir'icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha ubusanzwe asabwa gusubiza mu minsi 90 kugira ngo yumvikane na EPA ku makuru agomba gutangwa n'igihe cyo kurangiza gahunda.
2.2.4.3 Isuzuma ry'ingaruka ku binyabuzima biri mu kaga
Iyo EPA yongeye gusuzuma ikintu kigize umuti wica udukoko mu isuzuma rishya, iba igomba kubahiriza ingingo z'Itegeko ry'Inyamaswa ziri mu kaga kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika ku nyamaswa ziri mu kaga cyangwa ziri mu kaga gashobora gucika mu gihugu ndetse n'ingaruka mbi ku hantu hagenewe inyamaswa zikomeye. Nibiba ngombwa, EPA izagisha inama Ikigo gishinzwe Amafi n'Inyamaswa cya Amerika hamwe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Uburobyi bwo mu Nyanja.
2.2.4.4 Uruhare rw'abaturage
Iyo hakozwe isuzuma rishya ry’ibyago, EPA isanzwe itangaza mu gitabo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika itanga umushinga w’isuzuma ry’ibyago kugira ngo rubanda basuzume kandi batange ibitekerezo, hamwe n’igihe cy’ibitekerezo nibura iminsi 30 kandi akenshi iminsi 60. EPA izashyira kandi raporo ivuguruye y’isuzuma ry’ibyago mu gitabo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibisobanuro by’impinduka zose ku nyandiko yatanzwe, n’igisubizo ku bitekerezo by’abaturage. Niba isuzuma ry’ibyago ryavuguruwe rigaragaza ko hari ibyago bishobora gutera impungenge, hashobora gutangwa igihe cy’ibitekerezo nibura iminsi 30 kugira ngo rubanda itange ibindi bitekerezo ku ngamba zo kugabanya ibyago. Niba isuzuma rya mbere rigaragaza ko hari urwego ruto rw’ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko, ingaruka nke ku bafatanyabikorwa cyangwa rubanda, ingaruka nke, kandi hakenewe ingamba nke zo kugabanya ibyago cyangwa nta n’imwe, EPA ntishobora gukora igitekerezo cyihariye ku mushinga w’isuzuma ry’ibyago, ahubwo igatanga umushinga kugira ngo usuzumwe n’abaturage hamwe n’icyemezo cyo kongera gusuzuma.
2.2.5 icyemezo cyo gusuzuma kwiyandikisha
Icyemezo cyo kongera gusuzuma ni icyemezo cya EPA cyo kumenya niba umuti wica udukoko wujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko, ni ukuvuga ko isuzuma ibintu nk’ikirango cy’umuti, ibintu bikora n’ibipfunyika kugira ngo imenye niba umuti wica udukoko uzakora akazi kawo kagenewe nta ngaruka mbi zidasanzwe ku buzima bw’abantu cyangwa ibidukikije.
2.2.5.1 icyemezo cyo gusuzuma kwiyandikisha cyatanzwe cyangwa icyemezo cy'agateganyo cyatanzwe
Niba EPA isanze isuzuma rishya ry’ibyago ritari ngombwa, izatanga umwanzuro wo kongera gusuzuma hakurikijwe amabwiriza ("Umwanzuro Uteganyijwe"); Iyo hakenewe isuzuma ry’inyongera, nko gusuzuma amoko y’inyamaswa ari mu kaga cyangwa gusuzuma imikorere y’uturemangingo tw’amaraso, icyemezo cy’agateganyo gishobora gutangwa. Umwanzuro uteganyijwe uzatangazwa binyuze mu gitabo cya Leta kandi uzaboneka ku baturage kugira ngo batange ibitekerezo byibuze iminsi 60. Umwanzuro uteganyijwe ukubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira:
1) Vuga imyanzuro yatanzwe ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo kwandikisha FIFRA, harimo n'ibyavuye mu nama yemewe n'amategeko agenga amoko y'inyamaswa ari mu kaga, kandi ugaragaze ishingiro ry'iyi myanzuro yatanzwe.
2) Kugaragaza ingamba zatanzwe zo kugabanya ibyago cyangwa izindi ngamba zikenewe hanyuma ukabisobanura.
3) Garagaza niba amakuru y'inyongera akenewe; Niba bikenewe, vuga ibisabwa ku makuru kandi umenyeshe nyiri ikarita yo kwiyandikisha amakuru.
4) Garagaza impinduka zose ziteganijwe ku birango.
5) Shyiraho igihe ntarengwa cyo kurangiza buri gikorwa gisabwa.
2.2.5.2 Icyemezo cyo gusuzuma by'agateganyo kwiyandikisha
Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibitekerezo byose ku cyemezo cy’agateganyo cyatanzwe, EPA ishobora, ku bushake bwayo, gutanga icyemezo cy’agateganyo binyuze mu gitabo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mbere y’uko isuzuma rishya rirangira. Icyemezo cy’agateganyo kirimo ibisobanuro ku mpinduka zose ku cyemezo cy’agateganyo cyatanzwe mbere ndetse n’igisubizo ku bitekerezo bikomeye, kandi icyemezo cy’agateganyo gishobora kandi: gusaba ingamba nshya zo kugabanya ibyago cyangwa gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’agateganyo zo kugabanya ibyago; Gusaba kohereza ibirango bivuguruye; Gusobanura amakuru akenewe kugira ngo isuzuma n’ingengabihe yo gutanga (amakuru yo guhamagara amakuru ashobora gutangwa mbere, icyarimwe cyangwa nyuma y’uko icyemezo cyo kongera gusuzuma gitanzwe). Iyo ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha adafatanyije n’ibikorwa bisabwa mu cyemezo cyo kongera gusuzuma cy’agateganyo, EPA ishobora gufata ibyemezo bikwiye by’amategeko.
2.2.5.3 icyemezo cya nyuma
EPA izatanga umwanzuro wa nyuma nyuma yo kurangiza isuzuma ryose ry’isuzuma, harimo, aho bikwiye, isuzuma n’inama ku binyabuzima byanditse ku rutonde rw’inyamaswa ziri mu kaga n’iziri mu kaga rwa Leta, ndetse no gusuzuma gahunda zo gusuzuma abahungabanya imikorere y’imisemburo. Iyo ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha adashyigikiye ingamba zisabwa mu cyemezo cyo kongera gusuzuma, EPA ishobora gufata ibyemezo bikwiye by’amategeko hakurikijwe FIFRA.
3 Iyandikishe gusaba gukomeza
3.1 Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Kuvugurura iyandikwa ry’ibintu bikora ku miti yica udukoko mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi ni isuzuma rirambuye rihuza amakuru ashaje n’amashya, kandi abasaba bagomba gutanga amakuru yuzuye uko bikenewe.
3.1.1 Ibikoresho bikora
Ingingo ya 6 y'Itegeko 2020/1740 ryerekeye kuvugurura iyandikwa igaragaza amakuru agomba gutangwa kugira ngo kuvugurura iyandikwa ry'ibintu bikora, harimo:
1) Izina n'aderesi by'usaba ufite inshingano zo gukomeza gusaba no kuzuza inshingano ziteganywa n'amabwiriza.
2) Izina n'aderesi by'usaba ku bufatanye hamwe n'izina ry'ishyirahamwe ry'abakora ibicuruzwa.
3) Uburyo bugaragara bwo gukoresha nibura ikintu kimwe kirinda ibimera kirimo ikintu gikora ku bihingwa bihingwa cyane muri buri karere, n'ikimenyetso cy'uko icyo gicuruzwa cyujuje ibisabwa mu kwiyandikisha nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 4 y'amabwiriza No. 1107/2009.
"Uburyo bwo gukoresha" burimo uburyo bwo kwandikisha no gusuzuma mu gukomeza kwandikisha. Nibura kimwe mu bicuruzwa birinda ibimera bifite uburyo bwo gukoresha buvuzwe haruguru kigomba kuba kidafite ibindi bintu bikora. Niba amakuru yatanzwe n'usaba adakubiyemo uturere twose tugize icyo gikorwa, cyangwa adahingwa cyane muri ako gace, impamvu igomba gutangwa.
4) amakuru akenewe n'ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry'ibyago, harimo: i) kwerekana impinduka mu mategeko n'amabwiriza kuva byemejwe kwandikwa kw'ibintu bikora cyangwa kuvugurura kwandikwa vuba aha; ii) kugaragaza impinduka mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga kuva byemejwe kwandikwa kw'ibintu bikora cyangwa kuvugurura kwandikwa vuba aha; iii) kugaragaza impinduka mu ikoreshwa ry'ibihagarariye; iv) bigaragaza ko kwandikwa gukomeje guhinduka ugereranije n'ukwandikwa kwa mbere.
(5) inyandiko yuzuye ya buri raporo y'igerageza cyangwa inyigo hamwe n'incamake yayo nk'igice cy'amakuru y'umwimerere yo kwiyandikisha cyangwa amakuru akurikiraho yo gukomeza kwiyandikisha hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu makuru y'ibintu bikora.
6) inyandiko yuzuye ya buri raporo y'igerageza cyangwa inyigo hamwe n'incamake yayo nk'igice cy'amakuru y'umwimerere yo kwiyandikisha cyangwa amakuru y'iyandikisha akurikiraho, hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gutegura imiti.
7) Inyandiko igaragaza ko ari ngombwa gukoresha ikintu kidahuye n'amahame yo kwiyandikisha kugira ngo harwanywe udukoko twinshi tw'ibimera.
8) Mu gusoza buri kizamini cyangwa ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa vertebrates, vuga ingamba zafashwe kugira ngo hirindwe gupimwa ku nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa vertebrates. Amakuru yo kwiyandikisha ntagomba kuba arimo raporo y'ikizamini cy'ikoreshwa ry'ikintu gikora ku bantu cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ikintu kirimo ikintu gikora.
9) Kopi y'isaba rya MRLS ryatanzwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 7 y'Itegeko Nshinga (EC) No 396/2005 ry'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Burayi n'Inama Njyanama.
10) Igitekerezo cyo gushyira mu byiciro cyangwa gushyira mu byiciro ibintu bikora hakurikijwe amabwiriza 1272/2008.
11) Urutonde rw'ibikoresho bishobora kwerekana ko porogaramu yo gukomeza yuzuye, no gushyira akamenyetso ku makuru mashya yatanzwe muri iki gihe.
12) Dukurikije ingingo ya 8 (5) y'Itegeko No. 1107/2009, incamake n'ibyavuye mu nyandiko za siyansi zasuzumwe n'urungano.
13) Gusuzuma amakuru yose yatanzwe hakurikijwe uko siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga bihagaze ubu, harimo no kongera gusuzuma amwe mu makuru y'umwimerere yo kwiyandikisha cyangwa andi makuru akurikiraho yo gukomeza kwiyandikisha.
14) Gusuzuma no gutanga inama ku ngamba zose zikenewe kandi zikwiye zo kugabanya ingaruka.
15) Dukurikije ingingo ya 32b y'Itegeko 178/2002, EFSA ishobora gutanga ibizamini bya siyansi bikenewe gukorwa n'ikigo cyigenga cy'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi no kugeza ibyavuye mu bizamini ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Burayi, Komisiyo n'Ibihugu bigize Umuryango. Ayo mabwiriza arafunguye kandi asobanutse, kandi amakuru yose ajyanye n'itangazo ry'iburanisha agomba gushyirwa mu busabe bwo kongera igihe cyo kwiyandikisha.
Niba amakuru y’umwimerere yo kwiyandikisha acujuje ibisabwa n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’isuzuma, ashobora gukomeza gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo bwo kongera kwiyandikisha, ariko agomba kongera gutangwa. Usaba agomba gukoresha uko ashoboye kose kugira ngo abone kandi atange amakuru y’umwimerere yo kwiyandikisha cyangwa amakuru ajyanye nayo nk’inyongera yo kwiyandikisha nyuma. Niba usaba kuvugurura kwiyandikisha atari usaba kwandikisha bwa mbere ikintu gikora (ni ukuvuga ko usaba atabonye amakuru yatanzwe bwa mbere), ni ngombwa kubona uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amakuru asanzwe yo kwiyandikisha y’ikintu gikora binyuze ku usaba kwandikisha bwa mbere cyangwa ishami rishinzwe imiyoborere mu gihugu gisuzuma. Niba usaba kuvugurura kwiyandikisha atanze ibimenyetso byerekana ko amakuru ajyanye nayo ataboneka, Igihugu cyangwa EFSA bakoze isuzuma ryabanje cyangwa/cyangwa ivugurura rikurikiyeho bagomba kugerageza gutanga ayo makuru.
Iyo amakuru yo kwiyandikisha mbere atujuje ibisabwa ubu, hagomba gukorwa ibizamini bishya na raporo nshya. Usaba agomba kugaragaza no gushyira ku rutonde ibizamini bishya bigomba gukorwa n'ingengabihe yabyo, harimo n'urutonde rutandukanye rw'ibizamini bishya ku nyamaswa zose zifite urutirigongo, hashingiwe ku bitekerezo byatanzwe na EFSA mbere yo kongera gusaba. Raporo nshya y'ibizamini igomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso gisobanutse neza, isobanura impamvu n'ibikenewe. Kugira ngo habeho ubwisanzure n'umucyo no kugabanya isubiramo ry'ibizamini, ibizamini bishya bigomba gushyikirizwa EFSA mbere yo gutangira, kandi ibizamini bitaratanzwe ntibizemerwa. Usaba ashobora gutanga ubusabe bwo kurinda amakuru no gutanga verisiyo z'ibanga n'izitari iz'ibanga z'aya makuru.
3.1.2 Imyiteguro
Gukomeza kwandikisha imiti bishingiye ku bintu bikora byarangiye. Dukurikije ingingo ya 43 (2) y'Itegeko No. 1107/2009, ubusabe bwo gukomeza gutegura bugomba kuba burimo:
1) Kopi y'icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha mu kwitegura.
2) amakuru mashya akenewe kuva igihe cyo gusaba gitangwa bitewe n'impinduka mu bisabwa mu makuru, amabwiriza n'ibipimo ngenderwaho (ni ukuvuga impinduka mu mpera z'ibizamini by'ibice bikora bituruka ku isuzuma rikomeje ry'iyandikisha).
3) Impamvu zo gutanga amakuru mashya: ibisabwa mu makuru mashya, amabwiriza n'amahame ntarengwa byari bihari igihe cyo kwandikisha ibicuruzwa; Cyangwa guhindura amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa.
4) Kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu kuvugurura iyandikwa ry'ibintu bikora nk'uko biteganywa n'amategeko (harimo n'amabwiriza abigenga).
5) Iyo ibicuruzwa byakurikiranwe, raporo y'amakuru yerekeye igenzura igomba gutangwa.
6) Aho bibaye ngombwa, amakuru yo kugereranya agomba gutangwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ajyanye nayo.
3.1.2.1 Guhuza amakuru y'ibintu bikora
Mu gihe usaba gukomeza kwandikisha imiti, usaba agomba, hakurikijwe umwanzuro w'isuzuma ry'ikintu gikora, gutanga amakuru mashya kuri buri kintu gikora kigomba kuvugururwa bitewe n'impinduka mu bisabwa n'amabwiriza, guhindura no kunoza amakuru y'imiti ijyanye nayo, no gukora isuzuma ry'ibyago hakurikijwe amabwiriza mashya n'agaciro kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibyago bikiri mu rugero rwemewe. Guhuza amakuru y'ibintu gikora ubusanzwe ni inshingano z'igihugu gishinzwe isuzuma rikomeje ry'iyandikwa ry'ibintu bikora. Usaba ashobora guha Igihugu cyagenwe amakuru y'ibintu gikora atanga itangazo ry'uko amakuru y'ibintu bikora ari mu gihe kitari cyo, icyemezo cy'uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ayo makuru, itangazo ry'uko itegurwa ritagomba gutanga amakuru y'ibintu bikora, cyangwa atanga igitekerezo cyo gusubiramo ikizamini. Kwemeza amakuru yo gusaba gukomeza kwandikisha imiti bishobora gushingira gusa ku muti umwe w'umwimerere wujuje ibisabwa bishya, kandi iyo ubwiza bw'umuti umwe w'umwimerere bwagaragaye buhindutse (harimo n'ibipimo ntarengwa by'umwanda), usaba ashobora gutanga impamvu zumvikana z'uko umuti w'umwimerere wakoreshejwe ushobora gufatwa nk'aho uhwanye.
3.1.2.2 Impinduka ku mikorere myiza y'ubuhinzi (GAP)
Usaba agomba gutanga urutonde rw'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa, harimo n'inyandiko igaragaza ko nta mpinduka zikomeye zabayeho muri GAP mu gace uhereye igihe cyo kwiyandikisha, n'urutonde rutandukanye rw'ikoreshwa ry'inyongera mu ifishi ya GAP mu buryo bwagenwe. Impinduka zikomeye muri GAP ni ngombwa gusa kugira ngo hubahirizwe impinduka mu isuzuma ry'ibice bikora (agaciro gashya, ishyirwaho ry'amabwiriza mashya, amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza mu mabwiriza yo kuvugurura iyandikisha) ni byo byemewe, mu gihe usaba yatanze amakuru yose akenewe. Muri rusange, nta mpinduka zikomeye ku ifishi y'ingano zishobora kubaho mu isaba rikomeza.
3.1.2.3 Amakuru ku mikoreshereze y'imiti
Kugira ngo habeho umusaruro, usaba agomba kugena no gusobanura ko amakuru mashya y’ibizamini agomba gutangwa. Niba impinduka ya GAP itewe n’agaciro gashya, amabwiriza mashya, amakuru y’igerageza ry’ingaruka za GAP nshya agomba gutangwa, bitabaye ibyo, amakuru y’inzitizi gusa ni yo agomba gutangwa kugira ngo habeho isaba ryo gukomeza.
3.2 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Ibisabwa na EPA yo muri Amerika mu gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko bihuye n’iyandikwa ry’imiti yica udukoko, impinduka zo kwiyandikisha, no kongera kwiyandikisha, kandi nta mategeko atandukanye akurikizwa. Ubusabe bw’amakuru bushingiye ku bikenewe mu gusuzuma ingaruka mu isuzuma rishya, ibitekerezo byakiriwe mu gihe cy’inama rusange, n’ibindi, bizatangazwa mu buryo bwa gahunda y’akazi ya nyuma n’itangazo ryo guhamagara amakuru.
Ibindi bibazo 4
4.1 Gusaba hamwe
4.1.1 Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Dukurikije ingingo ya 5, Igice cya 3 cy'amabwiriza 2020/1740, iyo abasaba barenze umwe basabye ko havugururwa iyandikwa ry'ikintu kimwe gikora, abasaba bose bagomba gufata ingamba zose zikwiye zo gutanga amakuru hamwe. Ishyirahamwe ryashyizweho n'usaba rishobora gusaba mu izina ry'usaba, kandi abasaba bose bashobora kuvugana nabo bakavugana nabo kugira ngo batange amakuru hamwe.
Abasaba bashobora kandi gutanga amakuru yuzuye ukwayo, ariko bagomba gusobanura impamvu ziri muri ayo makuru. Ariko, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 62 y'Itegeko 1107/2009, ibizamini bisubirwamo ku nyamaswa zo mu bwonko ntibyemewe, bityo abashaka kuba abasaba n'abafite amakuru y'uburenganzira bagomba gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibyavuye mu ibizamini n'ubushakashatsi bikubiye muri ayo makuru bisangizwe. Kugira ngo havugururwe iyandikwa ry'ibintu bikora ku bantu benshi, amakuru yose agomba gusuzumwa hamwe, kandi imyanzuro na raporo bigomba gukorwa nyuma y'isesengura ryimbitse.
4.1.2 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
EPA isaba ko abasaba kongera gusuzuma amakuru, ariko nta tegeko risabwa. Dukurikije itangazo ryo guhamagara amakuru, ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha cy'ikintu gikora cy'umuti wica udukoko ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo gutanga amakuru hamwe n'abandi basaba, gukora ubushakashatsi butandukanye, cyangwa gukuraho kwiyandikisha. Niba igeragezwa ry'abasaba batandukanye rivuyemo ingingo ebyiri zitandukanye, EPA izakoresha ingingo y'iherezo isanzwe.
4.2 Isano iri hagati yo kuvugurura kwiyandikisha no kwiyandikisha bushya
4.2.1 Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Mbere yo gutangira kuvugurura iyandikwa ry’ibintu bikora, ni ukuvuga mbere yuko Igihugu kigize Umuryango cyakira ivugururwa ry’iyandikwa ry’ibintu bikora, usaba ashobora gukomeza kohereza iyandikwa ry’umuti ujyanye n’ibyo mu gihugu kigize Umuryango (akarere); Nyuma yo gutangira kuvugurura iyandikwa ry’ibintu bikora, usaba ntashobora kongera kohereza iyandikwa ry’umuti ujyanye n’ibyo mu gihugu kigize Umuryango, kandi agomba gutegereza ko icyemezo cyo kuvugurura iyandikwa ry’ibintu bikora mbere yo kubyohereza hakurikijwe ibisabwa bishya.
4.2.2 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Iyo kwiyandikisha kw'inyongera (urugero, gutegura igipimo gishya) bitagize ingaruka nshya ku isuzuma ry'ingaruka, EPA ishobora kwemera kwiyandikisha kw'inyongera mu gihe cyo kongera gusuzuma; Ariko, niba kwiyandikisha gushya (nk'urwego rushya rw'ikoreshwa) bishobora gutuma habaho isuzuma rishya ry'ingaruka, EPA ishobora gushyiramo ibicuruzwa mu isuzuma ry'ingaruka cyangwa igakora isuzuma ryihariye ry'ingaruka z'ibicuruzwa no gukoresha ibisubizo mu isuzuma ryiyongera. Ubushobozi bwa EPA buterwa n'uko amashami atatu yihariye y'Ishami ry'Ingaruka ku Buzima, Ishami ry'Imyitwarire n'Ingaruka ku Bidukikije, n'Ishami ry'Isesengura ry'Ibinyabuzima n'Ubukungu ashyigikira akazi k'Irangamimerere n'Ishami ry'Isuzuma ryiyongera, kandi ashobora kubona amakuru yose y'irangamimerere n'isuzuma ryiyongera icyarimwe. Urugero, iyo isuzuma ryiyongera ryafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura ikirango, ariko kikaba kitaratangwa, iyo isosiyete yohereje ubusabe bwo guhindura ikirango, ishami ry'igenzura rizabitunganya hakurikijwe icyemezo cyo kongera gusuzuma. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma EPA irushaho guhuza umutungo no gufasha amasosiyete kwiyandikisha mbere.
4.3 Kurinda amakuru
4.3.1 Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Igihe cyo kurinda amakuru mashya y’ibintu bishya n’amakuru yo gutegura akoreshwa mu kuvugurura iyandikwa ni amezi 30, uhereye igihe ibicuruzwa bishya byandikishijwe bwa mbere kugira ngo bivugururwe muri buri gihugu kigize umuryango, itariki yihariye iratandukana gato bitewe n’igihugu kimwe kigize umuryango.
4.3.2 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Amakuru mashya yo gusesengura atangwa afite igihe cy'imyaka 15 cyo kurinda amakuru uhereye ku munsi wo gushyikiriza, kandi iyo usaba yerekeje ku makuru yatanzwe n'ikindi kigo, akenshi agomba kugaragaza ko nyir'amakuru yahawe indishyi cyangwa ko yahawe uruhushya. Iyo ikigo cyandikisha imiti gikora gisanze cyatanze amakuru akenewe kugira ngo cyongere gisuzumwe, umusaruro wakozwe hakoreshejwe umuti ukora wabonye uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amakuru y'umuti ukora, bityo gishobora kugumana iyandikwa hakurikijwe umwanzuro wo kongera gusuzuma umuti ukora, nta yandi makuru yongereweho, ariko kiracyakeneye gufata ingamba zo kugenzura ingaruka nko guhindura icyapa nk'uko bisabwa.
5. Incamake n'icyitegererezo
Muri rusange, EU na Amerika bafite intego imwe mu gukora isuzuma ry’imiti yanditswe: kugira ngo uko ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma ingaruka bugenda butera imbere kandi politiki zigahinduka, imiti yose yanditswe ishobora gukomeza gukoreshwa mu mutekano kandi idateza ingaruka zidasanzwe ku buzima bw’abantu no ku bidukikije. Ariko, hari itandukaniro mu buryo bwihariye. Ubwa mbere, bigaragarira mu isano iri hagati y’isuzuma ry’ikoranabuhanga no gufata ibyemezo mu micungire. Kwagura iyandikwa ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bikubiyemo ibyemezo bya tekiniki n’ibyemezo bya nyuma mu micungire; Isuzuma ry’ivugurura muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rifata gusa imyanzuro y’isuzuma rya tekiniki nko guhindura ibirango no gutanga amakuru mashya, kandi ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha agomba gufata iya mbere kugira ngo akore ibihuje n’umwanzuro no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo by’imicungire. Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa buratandukanye. Kwagura iyandikwa muri EU bigabanyijemo intambwe ebyiri. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukwagura iyandikwa ry’imiti ku rwego rw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Nyuma yo kwagura iyandikwa ry’imiti, kongera iyandikwa ry’imiti bikorwa mu bihugu bifitanye isano. Isuzuma ry’imiti rikorwa icyarimwe.
Kwemeza kwiyandikisha no kongera gusuzuma nyuma yo kwiyandikisha ni ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko. Muri Gicurasi 1997, Ubushinwa bwatangaje "Amabwiriza agenga imicungire y'imiti yica udukoko", kandi nyuma y'imyaka irenga 20 y'iterambere, hashyizweho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma. Kuri ubu, Ubushinwa bwanditse ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko burenga 700 n'ibicuruzwa birenga 40.000 byo gutegura, ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri cyabyo bikaba byaranditswe mu myaka irenga 20. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu buryo bw'igihe kirekire, bwinshi kandi bwinshi bizatuma habaho ukwiyongera k'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabuzima, kwiyongera k'ubwiyongere bw'ibidukikije, no kwiyongera kw'ingaruka ku mutekano w'abantu n'inyamaswa. Kongera gusuzuma nyuma yo kwiyandikisha ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago by'igihe kirekire byo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yose yo gucunga imiti yica udukoko, kandi ni inyongera ku buryo bwo kwandikisha no kwemeza. Ariko, akazi ko gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko mu Bushinwa katangiye bitinze, kandi "Ingamba zo gucunga iyandikwa ry'imiti yica udukoko" zatangajwe mu 2017 zagaragaje bwa mbere kuva ku rwego rw'amategeko ko ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko bwanditswe imyaka irenga 15 bugomba gutegurwa kugira ngo bukore isuzuma buri gihe hakurikijwe uko umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ry'imiti bihagaze ndetse n'impinduka za politiki y'inganda. NY/ T2948-2016 "Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki byo gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko" byasohotse mu 2016 bitanga amahame shingiro n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma bwo kongera gusuzuma ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko bwanditswe, kandi bigasobanura amagambo ajyanye na byo, ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ni rike nk'amahame ngenderwaho. Ku bijyanye n'akazi gafatika ko gucunga imiti yica udukoko mu Bushinwa, ubushakashatsi n'isesengura rya sisitemu yo gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bishobora kuduha ibitekerezo bikurikira n'ubumenyi.
Ubwa mbere, shyira mu bikorwa inshingano z’ingenzi z’ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha mu isuzuma ry’imiti yica udukoko yanditswe. Gahunda rusange yo kongera gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko muri EU na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni uko ishami rishinzwe kwiyandikisha rishyiraho gahunda y’akazi, rigatanga ubwoko bw’isuzuma n’impungenge ku bibazo bishobora guterwa n’ingaruka, kandi ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha mu miti agatanga amakuru nk’uko bisabwa mu gihe cyagenwe. Ubushinwa bushobora gukura amasomo ku mimerere nyayo, guhindura imitekerereze y’ishami rishinzwe kwiyandikisha mu miti yica udukoko kugira ngo rikore ibizamini byo kugenzura no kurangiza akazi kose ko kongera gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko, kandi bunasobanure neza inshingano z’ufite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha mu miti yica udukoko mu isuzuma ry’imiti no kugenzura umutekano w’ibicuruzwa, no kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa isuzuma ry’imiti yica udukoko mu Bushinwa.
Icya kabiri ni ishyirwaho ry’uburyo bwo kuvugurura amakuru yo kurengera imiti yica udukoko. Amabwiriza agenga imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko n’amategeko ayishyigikira asobanura neza uburyo bwo kurengera ubwoko bushya bw’imiti yica udukoko mu Bushinwa n’ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho uburenganzira bwo kwandikisha amakuru yo kuvura udukoko, ariko ibisabwa ku bijyanye no kuvugurura amakuru no gutanga uburenganzira bwo gutanga amakuru ntibisobanutse neza. Kubwibyo, abafite ibyangombwa byo kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko bagomba gushishikarizwa kwitabira cyane akazi ko kuvugurura, kandi uburyo bwo kuvugurura amakuru yo kurengera bugomba gusobanurwa neza, kugira ngo ba nyiri amakuru ba mbere bashobore gutanga amakuru ku bandi basaba indishyi, kugabanya ibizamini bisubirwamo, no kugabanya umutwaro ku bigo.
Icya gatatu ni ukubaka uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka z’imiti yica udukoko nyuma yo kwiyandikisha, kongera gusuzuma no gukomeza kwiyandikisha. Mu 2022, Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ibyaro yasohoye "Amabwiriza agenga imicungire y’ingaruka z’imiti yica udukoko (Umushinga w’Ibitekerezo)", agaragaza ko Ubushinwa bwiyemeje gushyiraho no gukora buri gihe imicungire y’imiti yica udukoko nyuma yo kwiyandikisha. Mu gihe kizaza, tugomba kandi gutekereza neza, gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, no kwigira ku bintu byinshi, no gushyiraho buhoro buhoro no kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano w’imiti yica udukoko nyuma yo kwiyandikisha bujyanye n’imiterere y’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa binyuze mu gukurikirana, kongera gusuzuma no kwandikisha ingaruka z’imiti yica udukoko, kugira ngo tugabanye koko ingaruka zose zishobora guterwa n’imiti yica udukoko, kandi turinde neza umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, ubuzima rusange n’umutekano w’ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2024