Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti yica udukoko n'ubushobozi bw'udukoko dukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko n'udukoko twitwa pyrethroids mu mibu ya Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) mu majyepfo ya Togo Ikinyamakuru cya Malariya |

Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi ni ugutanga amakuru kuimiti yica udukokokurwanya gufata ibyemezo kuri gahunda zo gucunga imyitwarire muri Togo.
Uburyo Anopheles gambiae (SL) ishobora kwanduzwa n’imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu buzima rusange bwasuzumwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa OMS bwo gusuzuma imiti ikoreshwa mu mubiri. Isuzuma ry’ibinyabuzima rigaragaza ko pyrethroid idakira ryakozwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwa CDC bwo gusuzuma amacupa. Ibikorwa byo gukuraho uburozi byageragejwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, na ethacrine. Kumenya ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibinyabuzima no gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima bya kdr mutation muri Anopheles gambiae SL hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya PCR.
Abaturage bo mu gace ka Anopheles gambiae sl bagaragaje ko bashobora kwandura pirimiphos-methyl muri Lomé, Kowie, Aniye na Kpeletutu. Impfu zari 90% muri Bayda, bigaragaza ko hashobora kubaho kwandura pirimiphos-methyl. Ubudahangarwa kuri DDT, benzodicarb na propoxur bwagaragaye ahantu hose. Hagaragaye ingano yo kwandura pyrethroids, aho oxidases, esterases na glutathione-s-transferases ari byo enzymes zikuraho uburozi zishinzwe kwandura, nk'uko byagaragajwe n'ibizamini bya synergistic. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwabonetse ni Anopheles gambiae (ss) na Anopheles cruzi. Imibare yo kwandura kdr L1014F n'imibare yo hasi ya kdr L1014S alleles byagaragaye ahantu hose.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko hakenewe ibikoresho by'inyongera byo gukomeza ingamba zo kurwanya malariya zishingiye ku mikorobe (IRS na LLIN).
Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ni igice cy'ingenzi cya gahunda zo kurwanya malariya muri Afurika [1]. Ariko, kugaragara kw'imiti yica udukoko mu byiciro by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu kuvura inzitiramibu no gutera imiti mu nzu (IRS) bisaba kongera gusuzuma ikoreshwa ry'iyi miti no gucunga imiti irwanya udukoko [2]. Kugaragara kw'imiti irwanya udukoko byagaragaye mu bihugu bitandukanye byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba birimo Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] cyane cyane Togo [6, 7]. Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekanye ko ikoreshwa ry'imiti ihuza udukoko n'imiti ivanze byongera ibyago byo kwandura malariya mu turere dufite imiti irwanya cyane [8, 9]. Kugira ngo ingamba zo kurwanya zikomeze, hagomba kwitabwaho uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo bwo kurwanya malariya muri politiki iyo ari yo yose yo kurwanya malariya [2]. Igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose kigomba gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda zo kurwanya malariya binyuze mu gupima imiti irwanya [10]. Dukurikije inama z’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) [10], kurwanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bikubiyemo gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo butatu burimo (1) gusuzuma uko udukoko twica udukoko, (2) kugaragaza ubukana bw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, na (3) gusuzuma uburyo umubiri ukoresha, cyane cyane kwita ku buryo bufatika bwa piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Muri Togo, intambwe ya mbere, gusuzuma uko udukoko twica udukoko twica udukoko, bikorwa buri myaka 2-3 mu duce twa gahunda y’igihugu yo kurwanya malariya (NMCP). Ingufu zo kurwanya no gukora neza kw’intambwe ebyiri za nyuma (ni ukuvuga piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), na aside ethacrynic (EA)) ntibyigeze byigwa cyane.
Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi ni ukureba ibi bintu bitatu no guha NMCP amakuru yizewe kugira ngo ifate ibyemezo ku micungire y'ubudahangarwa muri Togo.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri 2021 mu duce twatoranijwe twa NMCP mu turere dutatu tw’ubuzima mu majyepfo ya Togo (Ishusho ya 1). Ahantu hatanu ho kugenzura NMCP hatoranijwe kugira ngo hakurikiranwe hashingiwe ku miterere yabyo (uturere dutandukanye tw’isuku) n’imiterere y’ibidukikije (ubwinshi bw’udukoko, ahantu hahoraho ho kororokera ibibuno): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère na Kpeletoutou (Imbonerahamwe ya 1).
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko imbu zo mu gace ka Anopheles gambiae mu majyepfo ya Togo zirwanya imiti myinshi yica udukoko, usibye pirimiphos-methyl. Ahakorewe ubushakashatsi hagaragaye urugero rwinshi rw’ubudahangarwa bwa pyrethroid, rushobora kuba rufitanye isano na enzymes zikuraho uburozi (oxidases, esterases na glutathione-s-transferases). Impinduka ya kdr L1014F yagaragaye mu bwoko bubiri bw’incuke Anopheles gambiae ss na Anopheles kruzi zifite allele nyinshi ariko nyinshi (>0.50), mu gihe impinduka ya kdr L1014S yabaye ku nshuro nke cyane kandi yabonetse gusa mu mibu ya Anopheles cruzi. Imbunda za synergist PBO na EA zongereye ubushobozi bwo kwandura pyrethroids na organochlorines, uko bikurikirana, ahantu hose, mu gihe DEF yongereye ubushobozi bwo kwandura carbamate na organophosphates ahantu hose usibye Anye. Aya makuru ashobora gufasha Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Malariya ya Togo gushyiraho ingamba nziza zo kurwanya vectors.