Kurwanya udukoko hamwe nubushobozi bwa synergiste na pyrethroide muri Anopheles gambiae imibu (Diptera: Culicidae) mumajyepfo ya Togo Ikinyamakuru cya Malariya |

Intego yubu bushakashatsi ni ugutanga amakuru kuriumuti wica udukokokurwanya gufata ibyemezo kuri gahunda yo kuyobora kurwanya muri Togo.
Imiterere yanduye ya Anopheles gambiae (SL) yica udukoko dukoreshwa mubuzima rusange yasuzumwe hifashishijwe OMS muri protocole ya vitro. Bioassays yo kurwanya pyrethroid yakozwe hakurikijwe protocole ya CDC icupa. Gukuraho ibikorwa bya enzyme byageragejwe hakoreshejwe synergiste piperonyl butoxide, SSS-fosifori, na ethacrine. Ubwoko bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha na genotyping ya kdr ihinduka muri Anopheles gambiae SL ukoresheje tekinoroji ya PCR.
Abaturage baho ba Anopheles gambiae sl bagaragaje ko bashobora kwanduzwa na pirimiphos-methyl ahitwa Lomé, Kowie, Aniye na Kpeletutu. Urupfu rwabaye 90% kuri Bayda, byerekana ko bishoboka kurwanya pirimiphos-methyl. Kurwanya DDT, benzodicarb na propoxur byanditswe kurubuga rwose. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya pyrethroide rwaranditswe, hamwe na okiside, esterase na glutathione-s-transfers ari imisemburo yangiza ishinzwe kurwanya, nkuko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe. Ubwoko nyamukuru bwagaragaye ni Anopheles gambiae (ss) na Anopheles cruzi. Imirongo myinshi ya kdr L1014F hamwe na frequency nkeya ya kdr L1014S alleles byagaragaye kurubuga rwose.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko hakenewe ibikoresho by'inyongera byo gushimangira ibikorwa byo kurwanya malariya bihari (IRS na LLIN).
Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ni ikintu cyingenzi muri gahunda yo kurwanya malariya muri Afurika [1]. Ariko, hagaragaye kurwanya kurwanya ibyiciro byingenzi by’udukoko twica udukoko dukoreshwa mu kuvura uburiri no gutera imiti yo mu ngo (IRS) bidusaba kongera gutekereza ku ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa no gucunga imiti igabanya ubukana [2]. Hagaragaye ko kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge byagaragaye mu bihugu bitandukanye byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba harimo Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] na cyane cyane Togo [6, 7]. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko gukoresha imiti ikomatanya hamwe n’udukoko twica udukoko byongera indwara ya malariya ahantu hashobora kurwanya pyrethroide [8, 9]. Kugirango habeho ingamba zihamye zo kugenzura ingamba, hagomba gusuzumwa uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga imiyoborere muri politiki iyo ari yo yose yo kugenzura ibice. Igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose kigomba gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda yo kurwanya ibitero binyuze mu gutahura ibitero [10]. Dukurikije ibyifuzo by’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) [10], imicungire y’imyigaragambyo ikubiyemo gushyira mu bikorwa inzira eshatu zirimo (1) gusuzuma imiterere y’udukoko twangiza udukoko, (2) kuranga ubukana bw’imiti, (3) gusuzuma uburyo bw’imiterere y’imiterere, hibandwa cyane cyane ku mikorere ya piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Muri Togo, intambwe yambere, gusuzuma imiterere y’udukoko twangiza udukoko twa malariya, bikorwa buri myaka 2-33 mu bibanza byoherejwe na gahunda y’igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya malariya (NMCP). Imbaraga zo guhangana ningaruka zintambwe ebyiri zanyuma (ni ukuvuga, potentiator piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S, S, S-tributyl trisulfate fosifate (DEF), na acide ethacrynic (EA)) ntabwo byakorewe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Intego yubu bushakashatsi ni ugukemura ibi bintu bitatu no guha NMCP amakuru yizewe yo gufata ibyemezo kubijyanye no guhangana n’ibitero muri Togo.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri 2021 ku mbuga za NMCP zatoranijwe mu turere dutatu tw’ubuzima two mu majyepfo ya Togo (Ishusho 1). Ibibanza bitanu byakurikiranwe na NMCP byatoranijwe kugirango bikurikiranwe hashingiwe ku turere (uturere dutandukanye tw’isuku) hamwe n’ibidukikije (ubwinshi bw’imisozi, aho kororoka bihoraho): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère na Kpeletoutou (Imbonerahamwe 1).
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko abaturage b’imibu ya Anopheles gambiae yo mu majyepfo ya Togo barwanya udukoko twangiza udukoko tw’ubuzima rusange, usibye pirimiphos-methyl. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya pyrethroide rwagaragaye aho rwakorewe ubushakashatsi, birashoboka ko rwaba rufite isano na enzymes zangiza (okiside, esterase na glutathione-s-transfers). Ihinduka rya kdr L1014F ryagaragaye mu bwoko bubiri bwa bashiki bacu Anopheles gambiae ss na Anopheles kruzi zifite imirongo ihindagurika ariko ihanitse ya allele (> 0.50), mu gihe ihinduka rya kdr L1014S ryabaye ku muvuduko muke cyane kandi wasangaga gusa imibu ya Anopheles cruzi. Imikoreshereze ya PBO na EA yagaruye igice cyanduye pyrethroide na organochlorine, ahantu hose, mugihe DEF yongereye kwanduza karbamate na organofosifike kurubuga rwose usibye Anye. Aya makuru arashobora gufasha gahunda yo kurwanya malariya yigihugu cya Togoliya mugutezimbere ingamba zifatika zo kugenzura inzitizi.