Igitero cya Anopheles stephensi muri Etiyopiya gishobora gutuma ubwiyongere bwa malariya muri kariya karere. Kubwibyo rero, gusobanukirwa umwirondoro w’udukoko twica udukoko n’imiterere y’abaturage ba Anopheles stephensi uherutse kugaragara i Fike, muri Etiyopiya ni ngombwa mu kuyobora igenzura ry’imiti kugira ngo ikwirakwizwa ry’ubwo bwoko bwa malariya itera mu gihugu. Nyuma yo gukurikiranwa na entomologiya kuri Anopheles stephensi i Fike, mu karere ka Somaliya, muri Etiyopiya, twemeje ko Anopheles stephensi i Fike ku rwego rwa morfologiya na molekile. Ibiranga ahantu hatuwe no gupima udukoko twica udukoko twerekanye ko A. fixini yakunze kuboneka mu bikoresho byabugenewe kandi ko yananiwe kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko twinshi (organophosphates, karbamates,pyrethroide) usibye pirimiphos-methyl na PBO-pyrethroid. Nyamara, ibyiciro bitarakura byashoboraga kwibasirwa na temephos. Ubundi isesengura rya genomic ryagereranijwe ryakozwe nubwoko bwabanjirije Anopheles stephensi. Isesengura ry’abaturage ba Anopheles stephensi muri Etiyopiya bakoresheje SNP ya biallelic 1704 ryerekanye isano iri hagati y’abaturage ba A. fixais na Anopheles stephensi batuye muri Etiyopiya yo hagati n’iburasirazuba, cyane cyane A. jiggigas. Ibyo twabonye ku miterere yo kurwanya udukoko hamwe n’abaturage bashobora guturuka kuri Anopheles fixini birashobora gufasha mu gushyiraho ingamba zo kurwanya iyi ndwara ya malariya mu turere twa Fike na Jigjiga kugira ngo ikomeze gukwirakwira muri utwo turere twombi kugera mu tundi turere tw’igihugu ndetse no ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Gusobanukirwa n’ahantu ho kororera imibu n’ibidukikije ni ingenzi mu gushyiraho ingamba zo kurwanya imibu nko gukoresha liviside (temephos) no kurwanya ibidukikije (kurandura aho abantu benshi). Byongeye kandi, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima rirasaba imicungire y’inzoka nkimwe mu ngamba zo kugenzura mu buryo butaziguye Anopheles stephensi mu mijyi no mu mijyi hafi y’ahantu h’indwara. 15 Niba isoko yinzoka idashobora kuvaho cyangwa kugabanywa (urugero: ibigega byamazi yo murugo cyangwa mumijyi), hashobora gutekerezwa ikoreshwa rya liviside. Nyamara, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura vector buhenze mugihe cyo kuvura ahantu hanini cyane. 19 Kubwibyo, kwibasira ahantu runaka aho imibu ikuze iba ari myinshi nubundi buryo buhendutse. 19 Kubwibyo rero, kumenya kwandura Anopheles stephensi mu mujyi wa Fik kwandura virusi nka temephos birashobora gufasha kumenyesha ibyemezo mugihe hategurwa uburyo bwo kurwanya virusi itera malariya mu mujyi wa Fik.
Byongeye kandi, isesengura rya genomic rirashobora gufasha gutegura izindi ngamba zo kugenzura kuri Anopheles stephensi nshya yavumbuwe. By'umwihariko, gusuzuma ubwoko butandukanye bw’imiterere n’imiterere y’abaturage ba Anopheles stephensi no kubagereranya n’abaturage basanzwe muri ako karere birashobora gutanga ubushishozi ku mateka y’abaturage, uburyo batatanye, ndetse n’abaturage bashobora guturuka.
Kubwibyo, nyuma yumwaka umwe tumenye bwa mbere Anopheles stephensi mumujyi wa Fike, mukarere ka Somaliya, muri Etiyopiya, twakoze ubushakashatsi kuri entomologiya kugirango tubanze tugaragaze aho ituye rya Anopheles stephensi yinzoka kandi tumenye ko bumva udukoko twica udukoko, harimo na temephos ya larvicide. Nyuma yo kumenya morfologiya, twakoze igenzura ryibinyabuzima kandi dukoresha uburyo bwa genomic mu gusesengura amateka y’abaturage n’imiterere y’abaturage ba Anopheles stephensi mu mujyi wa Fike. Twagereranije iyi miterere yabaturage n’abaturage ba Anopheles stephensi bamenyekanye mbere mu burasirazuba bwa Etiyopiya kugira ngo tumenye aho ubukoloni bwakorewe mu mujyi wa Fike. Twasuzumye kandi isano iri hagati yabaturage kugirango tumenye aho bashobora guturuka muri kariya karere.
Synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) yapimwe na pyrethroide ebyiri (deltamethrin na permethrin) na Anopheles stephensi. Ikizamini cya synergiste cyakozwe mbere yo kwerekana imibu kugeza 4% ya PBO muminota 60. Umubu waje kwimurirwa mu miyoboro irimo pyrethroide yagenewe mu minota 60 kandi kwandura kwabo kwagenwe hakurikijwe ibipimo by’impfu za OMS byasobanuwe haruguru24.
Kugirango tubone amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye abantu bashobora kuba inkomoko yabaturage ba Fiq Anopheles stephensi, twakoze isesengura ryurusobe dukoresheje imibare ihuriweho na SNP dataset ikurikirana uhereye kuri Fiq (n = 20) hanyuma Genbank ikuramo Anopheles stephensi ikurikiranye ahantu 10 hatandukanye muburasirazuba bwa Etiyopiya (n = 183, Samake nabandi 29). Twakoresheje EDENetworks41, itanga isesengura ryurusobe rushingiye ku mibare yintera ya genetike tutabanje gutekereza. Umuyoboro ugizwe numutwe ugereranya abaturage bahujwe nimpande / amahuza aremereye intera ya Reynolds (D) 42 ishingiye kuri Fst, itanga imbaraga zumuhuza hagati yabantu babiri41. Umubyimba mwinshi / guhuza, niko umubano ukomeye ukomoka hagati yabaturage bombi. Byongeye kandi, ingano ya node iringaniza no guhuza uburemere buringaniye bwa buri muturage. Kubwibyo, nini nini, niko ihuriro cyangwa ihuriro ryihuza. Ubusobanuro bwibarurishamibare bwa node bwasuzumwe hifashishijwe bootstrap 1000. Imyanya igaragara kurutonde rwa 5 na 1 rwambere rwerekana agaciro hagati (BC) indangagaciro (umubare winzira ngufi ngufi zinyuze kuri node) zishobora gufatwa nkibyingenzi 43.
Turatanga raporo ya An. stephensi ari benshi mugihe cyimvura (Gicurasi - Kamena 2022) i Fike, mukarere ka Somaliya, Etiyopiya. Muri lisiti zirenga 3.500 zegeranijwe, zose zararezwe kandi zerekana ko ari Anopheles stephensi. Kumenyekanisha molekuline igice cya livre hamwe nisesengura rya molekile nabyo byemeje ko icyitegererezo cyizewe ari icya Anopheles stephensi. Bose bamenyekanye An. Ahantu hatuwe na Stephensi ni ahantu ho kororera ibihimbano nko mu byuzi byometse kuri plastiki, ibigega by'amazi bifunze kandi bifunguye, hamwe na barrale, ibyo bikaba bihuye nizindi An. ubuturo bwa stephensi butuye mu burasirazuba bwa Etiyopiya45. Kuba liswi yizindi An. amoko ya stephensi yakusanyijwe yerekana ko An. stephensi irashobora kurokoka igihe cyizuba muri Fike15, ubusanzwe itandukanye na An. arabiensis, inzitizi nyamukuru ya malariya muri Etiyopiya 46,47. Nyamara, muri Kenya, Anopheles stephensi… larvae zabonetse mu bikoresho byabigenewe ndetse no mu bidukikije byambukiranya48, byerekana uburyo butandukanye bw’imiterere y’imiterere y’imisemburo ya Anopheles stephensi yibasiye, ibyo bikaba bifite uruhare mu kugenzura ejo hazaza h’ibi byorezo bya malariya muri Etiyopiya na Afurika.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ubwinshi bw’imibu yanduza malariya itera indwara ya malariya muri Fickii, aho ituye cyane, aho kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko na livi, ubwoko butandukanye, imiterere y’abaturage ndetse n’abaturage bashobora guturuka. Ibisubizo byacu byerekanaga ko abaturage ba Anopheles fickii bashoboraga kwibasirwa na pirimiphos-methyl, PBO-pyrethrin na temetafos. B1 Rero, iyi miti yica udukoko irashobora gukoreshwa neza muburyo bwo kugenzura iyi virusi itera malariya mu karere ka Fickii. Twasanze kandi abaturage ba fik ya Anopheles bari bafitanye isano ya genetike n’ibigo bibiri nyamukuru bya Anopheles mu burasirazuba bwa Etiyopiya, aribyo Jig Jiga na Dire Dawa, kandi byari bifitanye isano ya hafi na Jig Jiga. Kubwibyo rero, gushimangira kugenzura inzitizi muri utwo turere birashobora gufasha kwirinda gukomeza gutera imibu ya Anopheles muri Fike no mu tundi turere. Mu gusoza, ubu bushakashatsi butanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwiga ibyorezo bya Anopheles biherutse. Intambwe ya Stephenson irimo kwagurwa mu turere dushya kugira ngo tumenye aho ikwirakwira, isuzume imikorere y’imiti yica udukoko, kandi tumenye aho abantu bashobora guturuka kugira ngo hatabaho gukwirakwira.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2025