Malariya ikomeje kuba intandaro y’urupfu n’uburwayi muri Afurika, umutwaro uremereye mu bana bari munsi y’imyaka 5. Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda indwara ni imiti yica udukoko twica udukoko twibasira imibu ya Anopheles ikuze. Bitewe no gukoresha cyane ibyo bikorwa, kurwanya ibyiciro by’udukoko bikoreshwa cyane muri Afurika muri iki gihe. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwibanze buganisha kuri iyi phenotype ni ngombwa haba mugukwirakwiza ikwirakwizwa ry’imyigaragambyo no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya byo kubitsinda.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twagereranije microbiome yibigize udukoko twica udukoko twangiza Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles cruzi, na Anopheles arabiensis abaturage ba Burkina Faso n’abaturage bumva udukoko, na bo muri Etiyopiya.
Twasanze nta tandukaniro riri muri microbiota igizwe nudukoko twica udukoko naumuti wica udukoko-abaturage bemewe muri Burkinafaso. Igisubizo cyemejwe nubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire bwakoronijwe kuva mu bihugu bibiri bya Burkina Faso. Ibinyuranye na byo, muri Anopheles arabiensis imibu yaturutse muri Etiyopiya, hagaragaye itandukaniro rigaragara mu bigize microbiota hagati y'abapfuye n'abacitse ku icumu. Kugira ngo turusheho gukora iperereza ku guhangana n’abaturage ba Anopheles arabiensis, twakoze urutonde rwa RNA dusanga imvugo itandukanye yerekana ingirabuzimafatizo zangiza imiti yica udukoko, ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’imiyoboro y’ubuhumekero, metabolike, na synaptic.
Ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko rimwe na rimwe microbiota ishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’udukoko twica udukoko, hiyongereyeho impinduka zanditswemo.
Nubwo kurwanya bikunze kuvugwa nkibigize genetike ya Anopheles vector, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko mikorobe ihinduka mugusubiza ibyorezo byica udukoko, byerekana uruhare rwibinyabuzima mukurwanya. Nkako, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Anopheles gambiae inzitiramubu muri Amerika yepfo no Hagati bwerekanye impinduka zikomeye muri microbiome epidermal nyuma yo guhura na pyrethroide, hamwe nimpinduka muri mikorobe muri rusange nyuma yo guhura na organofosifate. Muri Afurika, kurwanya pyrethroide byajyanye no guhinduka mu bigize microbiota muri Kameruni, Kenya, na Côte d'Ivoire, mu gihe Anopheles gambiae yakorewe muri laboratoire yerekanye impinduka muri microbiota yabo nyuma yo gutoranya kurwanya pyrethide. Byongeye kandi, kuvura ubushakashatsi hamwe na antibiotike no kongeramo za bagiteri zizwi muri laboratoire ikoronijwe na Anopheles arabiensis imibu yerekanaga kwihanganira pyrethroide. Hamwe na hamwe, aya makuru yerekana ko kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko bishobora kuba bifitanye isano na mikorobe y’umubu kandi ko iyi ngingo yo kurwanya udukoko ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’indwara.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twifashishije urutonde rwa 16S kugira ngo tumenye niba microbiota y’inzitiramubu ikoronijwe kandi yakusanyirijwe mu murima muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no mu Burasirazuba itandukanye hagati y'abacitse ku icumu n'abapfuye nyuma yo guhura na deltamethrine ya pyrethroid. Mu rwego rwo kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko, kugereranya microbiota yo mu turere dutandukanye twa Afurika n’ubwoko butandukanye n’urwego rwo kurwanya birashobora gufasha gusobanukirwa n’ingaruka z’akarere ku baturage ba mikorobe. Abakoloni ba laboratoire bakomokaga muri Burkinafaso kandi bakurira muri laboratoire ebyiri zitandukanye zo mu Burayi (An. Coluzzii mu Budage na An. Arabiensis mu Bwongereza), imibu yo muri Burkinafaso yagereranyaga amoko yose uko ari atatu ya An. ubwoko bwa gambiae, kandi imibu yo muri Etiyopiya yagereranyaga An. arabiensis. Hano, twerekana ko Anopheles arabiensis ukomoka muri Etiyopiya yari afite imikono itandukanye ya mikorobe mu mibu nzima kandi yapfuye, naho Anopheles arabiensis wo muri Burkinafaso na laboratoire ebyiri ntabwo. Intego yubu bushakashatsi ni ugukomeza gukora iperereza ku kurwanya udukoko. Twakoze urutonde rwa RNA ku baturage ba Anopheles arabiensis dusanga ingirabuzimafatizo zijyanye no kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko, mu gihe ingirabuzimafatizo zijyanye no guhumeka zahinduwe muri rusange. Kwinjiza aya makuru hamwe n’abaturage ba kabiri baturutse muri Etiyopiya byagaragaje ingirabuzima fatizo zangiza mu karere. Ikigereranyo cyagereranijwe na Anopheles arabiensis wo muri Burkinafaso cyerekanye itandukaniro rikomeye mu myirondoro y’inyandiko-mvugo, ariko ikomeza kwerekana genes enye zingenzi zangiza umubiri muri Afurika.
Inzitiramubu nzima kandi zapfuye muri buri bwoko bwo muri buri karere zagiye zikurikiranwa hakoreshejwe 16S zikurikirana kandi harabaruwe ubwinshi ugereranije. Nta tandukanyirizo rya alfa itandukanye ryagaragaye, byerekana ko nta tandukaniro riri mubikorwa bya tagisi ikora (OTU); icyakora, itandukaniro rya beta ryatandukanye cyane mubihugu, kandi imvugo yimikoranire yigihugu hamwe nubuzima / bapfuye (PANOVA = 0.001 na 0.008,) byerekanaga ko ubudasa buri hagati yibi bintu. Nta tandukanyirizo rya beta ryagaragaye hagati y’ibihugu, byerekana itandukaniro risa hagati yitsinda. Ikibanza cyo gupima Bray-Curtis (Igice cya 2A) cyerekanaga ko ingero ahanini zatandukanijwe n’ahantu, ariko hari bimwe bidasanzwe byagaragaye. Ingero nyinshi ziva kuri An. umuryango wa arabiensis hamwe nicyitegererezo kimwe cya An. umuryango wa coluzzii wuzuyemo icyitegererezo cya Burkina Faso, mugihe icyitegererezo kimwe cya An. ingero za arabiensis zo muri Burkina Faso zuzuyemo An. icyitegererezo cyabaturage ba arabiensis, gishobora kwerekana ko microbiota yumwimerere yabungabunzwe kubisekuru byinshi no mubice byinshi. Ingero za Burkina Faso ntizatandukanijwe neza nubwoko; uku kubura amacakubiri byari byitezwe kuva abantu bahurijwe hamwe nubwo byaturutse mubidukikije bitandukanye. Nkako, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kugabana ikibanza c'ibidukikije mugihe c'amazi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bigize microbiota [50]. Igishimishije, mu gihe ingero z’umubu wa Burkina Faso n’abaturage bagaragaje ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yo kubaho kw’umubu cyangwa gupfa nyuma y’udukoko twica udukoko, icyitegererezo cya Etiyopiya cyatandukanijwe neza, byerekana ko ibinyabuzima bya mikorobe muri izi ngero za Anopheles bifitanye isano no kurwanya udukoko. Ibyitegererezo byakusanyirijwe ahantu hamwe, bishobora gusobanura ishyirahamwe rikomeye.
Kurwanya udukoko twangiza pyrethroid ni fenotipike igoye, kandi mugihe impinduka za metabolisme hamwe nintego zigereranijwe neza, impinduka muri microbiota zitangiye gushakishwa. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twerekana ko impinduka muri microbiota zishobora kuba ingenzi mubantu bamwe; turakomeza kandi kuranga udukoko twica udukoko muri Anopheles arabiensis yo muri Bahir Dar kandi twerekana impinduka mumyandikire izwi ijyanye no kurwanya, ndetse nimpinduka zikomeye mumagambo ajyanye no guhumeka byagaragaye no mubushakashatsi bwakozwe na RNA-seq bwibanze ku baturage ba Anopheles arabiensis baturutse muri Etiyopiya. Hamwe na hamwe, ibisubizo byerekana ko kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko muri iyi mibu bishobora guterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bikomoka ku ngirabuzima fatizo ndetse no mu bwoko bwa genoside, bishoboka ko isano iri hagati ya bagiteri kavukire ishobora kuzuza iyangirika ry’udukoko mu baturage bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwahujije guhumeka neza no kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko, bigahuza n’amagambo akungahaye kuri ontologiya muri Bahir Dar RNAseq hamwe n’amakuru ahuriweho na Etiyopiya yabonetse hano; ongera utange igitekerezo ko kurwanya bivamo guhumeka byiyongera, haba nkimpamvu cyangwa ingaruka ziyi phenotype. Niba izi mpinduka ziganisha ku itandukaniro ryubwoko bwa ogisijeni na azote ishobora guhinduka, nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwa vectori no gukoroniza mikorobe binyuze muri bagiteri zitandukanye zirwanya ROS zanduzwa na bagiteri zigihe kirekire.
Amakuru yatanzwe hano aratanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko microbiota ishobora kurwanya imiti yica udukoko ahantu runaka. Twerekanye kandi ko An. imibu ya arabiensis muri Etiyopiya yerekana impinduka zisa nazo zitanga imiti yica udukoko; ariko, umubare wa gen uhuye nu Burkina Faso ni muto. Ubuvumo bwinshi busigaye bwerekeye imyanzuro yageze hano no mubindi byigisho. Ubwa mbere, isano itera hagati yo kubaho kwa pyrethroid na microbiota igomba kwerekanwa ukoresheje ubushakashatsi bwa metabolomic cyangwa transplantation microbiota. Byongeye kandi, kwemeza abakandida bingenzi mubaturage benshi baturutse mu turere dutandukanye bigomba kwerekana. Hanyuma, guhuza amakuru yandikirwa hamwe na microbiota binyuze mubushakashatsi bwakozwe nyuma yo guhindurwa bizatanga amakuru arambuye yerekana niba microbiota igira uruhare runini mu kwanduza imibu kubijyanye no kurwanya pyrethroide. Nyamara, dufatiye hamwe, amakuru yacu yerekana ko kurwanya ari ibyibanze ndetse n’amahanga, byerekana ko ari ngombwa gupima ibicuruzwa bishya byica udukoko mu turere twinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2025