Lambda-cyhalothrin, izwi kandi nka cyhalothrin na kungfu cyhalothrin, yakozwe neza n'itsinda rya AR Jutsum mu 1984. Uburyo ikora ni uguhindura uburyo imitsi y'udukoko inyuramo, kubuza uburyo imitsi y'udukoko ikora, gusenya imikorere y'imitsi ikorana n'umuyoboro wa iyoni ya sodium, gutuma agakoko karimo uburozi gashyuha cyane, kagapfa, kandi gashobora gusenya ako gakoko vuba. Lambda-cyhalothrin ifite imiterere yagutse yo kwica udukoko, ikora cyane kandi imara igihe kirekire, kandi ikwiriye kurwanya udukoko mu bihingwa nk'ingano, ibigori, ibiti by'imbuto, ipamba, imboga zo mu bwoko bwa cruciferous, nibindi.
1 Imiterere y'ibanze
高效氯氟氰菊酯Izina ry'Icyongereza: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Formula ya molekile: C23H19ClF3NO3; Aho kubira: 187～190℃/0.2 mmHg; Nomero ya CAS: 91465-08-633.
Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
Igishushanyo cya 1 Formule y'imiterere ya beta-cyhalothrin
2 Intego z'uburozi n'uburyo bwo kuzirwanya
Beta-cyhalothrin ifite ingaruka zo kwica no kwangiza igifu, kandi ifite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kwirinda kandi nta ngaruka zigaragara ku mubiri. Ifite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya udukoko two mu kanwa nka Lepidoptera larvae na zimwe mu nyenzi za Coleoptera, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko two mu kanwa duto cyane nka pear psyllium. Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kurwanya beta-cyhalothrin ni inkende, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, caterpillars, nibindi. Mu byatsi, ubwatsi n'ibihingwa byumye, ishobora gukumira no kurwanya grassborder, nibindi. Koresha ibihe bitandukanye by'isi: Ubushinwa, cyane cyane kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Kanama; Amerika y'Amajyepfo/Amajyaruguru, kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi na Nzeri kugeza Ukuboza; Aziya y'Amajyepfo, kuva Ukuboza kugeza Gicurasi; Uburayi, kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi no muri Nzeri kugeza Ukuboza ukwezi.
3 Uburyo bwo gukora isesengura n'ibice by'ingenzi
(1) Gukora trifluorochlorochrysanthemum aside chloride
Aside ya Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum (aside Kung fu) igira icyo ikora hamwe na thionyl chloride, ikayikuraho ikanayikosora kugira ngo ibone aside chloride ya trifluorochlorochrysanthemic.
(2) Gukora amavuta ya chlorofluorocyanide
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) na sodium cyanide bikorerwa mu buryo bwa “cartilator” kugira ngo bivemo amavuta ya chlorofluorocyanide.
(3) Gukora beta-cyhalothrin
Mu bikorwa bya amines organic, chlorofluorocyanide ikora epimerization kugira ngo ikore beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Uko isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu rihagaze
Nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rw’amakuru rwa China Pesticide Information Network, kugeza ku ya 20 Gicurasi 2022, umubare w’imiti ya alpha-cyhalothrin yari yanditswe mu buryo bwa tekiniki wari 45, naho ibiyigize byari 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, na 98%. Muri yo, 95%, 96%, na 98% byari bifite umubare munini w’imiti.
Nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa China Pesticide Information Network, kugeza ku ya 20 Gicurasi 2022. Amakuru y’iyandikwa ry’imiti ya beta-cyhalothrin mu gihugu agaragaza ko hari uruvange rw’imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, muri yo 621 ikaba ari uruvange rw’imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe naho 216 ikaba irimo imvange. Igipimo kimwe: 621 cyanditswe, ibipimo by'ingenzi ni 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% amazi ya emulsion, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, nibindi. Uruvange rw'ibivange: 216 rwanditswe, ahanini hamwe na Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine n'ibindi bicuruzwa byakozwemo. Ubwoko bw'ibipimo by'ingenzi ni: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion y'amazi, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% suspending agent, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% affectable poude, nibindi.
5 Uko isoko ryo mu mahanga rihagaze
5.1 Kwandikisha imyiteguro mu mahanga
Dose imwe y'ingenzi yanditswe ni 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Uruvange rw'ingenzi ni: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + chlorofluorocarbon Cypermethrin 10.6% suspension agent ikora neza cyane, Acetamiprid 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'Ubushinwa
Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2019, amasosiyete 582 yohereje mu mahanga ibikoresho bya tekiniki n'ibitegurwa bya cyhalothrin, kandi ingano y'amasosiyete icumi ya mbere yohereza mu mahanga yagize 45% by'ingano yose y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (imyaka 5 y'ubucucike). Amasosiyete icumi ya mbere agaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Ingano y’ibikoresho bya tekiniki byoherezwa mu mahanga ni toni 2.400 ku mwaka, naho ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni toni 3.000 ku mwaka. Ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga yagiye yiyongera buri mwaka kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2019. Ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni toni 14.800 ku mwaka, naho ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni toni 17.000 (2017), hanyuma ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga irahamye; ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni toni 460 ku mwaka, naho ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni toni 515 ku mwaka.
Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2019, ibicuruzwa bya tekiniki n'ibitegurwa bya cyhalothrin byoherejwe mu masoko 77. Amasoko atanu ya mbere yari Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ububiligi, Ubuhinde, Arijantine, na Pakisitani. Amasoko atanu ya mbere yari afite 57% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose by'Ubushinwa. (imyaka 5 yose hamwe).
6 Imiterere igezweho y'isoko
Nk’uko amakuru aturuka mu itangazamakuru abivuga, ku ya 7 Gicurasi 2022, ku isaha yo muri ako gace, uruganda rw’isosiyete y’ubuhinzi n’ibinyabutabire yo mu Buhinde yitwa Bharat Rasayan, ikora ahanini ibikomoka kuri pyrethroid n’ibindi bifitanye isano na byo, rwafashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro nyuma y’iturika ry’icyuma gishyushya.
Ubuhinde ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye bitunganya imiti yica udukoko ku isi bitari ibya patenti, aho ubushobozi bw'ibintu by'ingenzi bigize pyrethroid, methyl betinate na ether aldehyde, buri hejuru cyane. Muri 2021, Bharat Rasayan izatumiza mu mahanga toni zisaga 6.000 z'imiti ya tekiniki, itegurwa n'ikoreshwa ry'imiti, muri zo 61% ni imiti ya tekiniki, 13% by'imiti yatekiniki na 26% by'imiti yatekiniki (cyane cyane pyrethroid intermediates). Nk'umuti w'ingenzi mu gukora imiti yica udukoko ya pyrethroid, ether aldehyde ikenera toni zigera ku 6.000 buri mwaka mu gihugu, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyayo kigomba kugurwa mu Buhinde.
Kubera ko isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rya cyhalothrin riri hafi kurangira, kandi isosiyete yo mu Buhinde atari yo sosiyete ikomeye ikora ibintu bifitanye isano na alpha-cyhalothrin nka ether aldehydes, ingaruka ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ni nto, kandi ni ngombwa cyane kwita ku byoherezwa mu mahanga biherutse. Incamake.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-08-2022