Indwara z’imibu n’indwara ziterwa n’imibu ni ikibazo gikomeje kwiyongera ku isi. Ibikomoka ku bimera cyangwa amavuta bishobora gukoreshwa nk’ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura imiti yica udukoko. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, amavuta 32 (kuri 1000 ppm) yageragejwe kugira ngo amenye imikorere yayo yo kwica udukoko two mu bwoko bwa Culex pipiens, kandi amavuta meza yapimwe kugira ngo amenye imikorere yayo yo kwica udukoko two mu bwoko bwa “gésiné chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)” na “high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Imibu niudukoko twa kera,kandi indwara ziterwa n’imibu zikomeje guteza akaga ku buzima bw’isi, zigatera akaga abantu barenga 40% by’abatuye isi. Bivugwa ko mu mwaka wa 2050, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abatuye isi bazaba bafite ibyago byo kurwara virusi ziterwa n’imibu. 1 Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) ni umubu ukwirakwira cyane wanduza indwara zikomeye zitera indwara zikomeye ndetse rimwe na rimwe zigahitana abantu n’inyamaswa.
Kurwanya udukoko duto ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo kugabanya impungenge z'abaturage ku ndwara ziterwa n'imibu. Kurwanya imibu ikuze n'iy'ibihwagari hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya kurumwa n'imibu. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ikozwe mu nganda bishobora gutuma imiti yica udukoko idashobora kwanduzwa n'udukoko, kwanduza ibidukikije, ndetse no guteza ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu n'ibinyabuzima bitari ibyabo.
Hari hakenewe byihutirwa gushaka ibindi bintu bikomoka ku bimera bitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije nka amavuta y’ingenzi (EOs). Amavuta y’ingenzi ni ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bw’ingufu biboneka mu miryango myinshi y’ibimera nka Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, na Cupressaceae14. Amavuta y’ingenzi arimo uruvange rw’ibintu nka phenols, sesquiterpenes, na monoterpenes15.
Amavuta y'ingenzi afite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobe, kurwanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobe ndetse no kwica udukoko. Afite kandi ubushobozi bwo kwica udukoko kandi ashobora gutera ingaruka mbi mu mikorere y'udukoko mu buryo bw'umubiri, mu mikorere y'umubiri, mu myitwarire no mu mikorere ya biokemike y'udukoko iyo duhumekwa, tunyowe cyangwa twinjijwe mu ruhu16. Amavuta y'ingenzi ashobora gukoreshwa nk'imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko. Ntiyangiza cyane, ntabora kandi ashobora gutsinda ubudahangarwa bw'udukoko.
Amavuta y’ingenzi arushaho gukundwa n’abakora ibikomoka ku bimera n’abaguzi bayitaho kandi akwiriye mu mijyi, mu ngo no mu tundi duce twita ku bidukikije.
Uruhare rw'amavuta y'ingenzi mu kurwanya imibu rwaganiriweho15,19. Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi kwari ugusuzuma no gusuzuma agaciro k'uburozi bw'ibihumyo by'amavuta y'ingenzi 32 no gusesengura imikorere ya adenocide n'imiti ya phytochemicals y'amavuta y'ingenzi akora neza cyane mu kurwanya imibu ya Culex pipiens.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, amavuta ya An. graveolens na V. odorata byagaragaye ko bigira ingaruka nziza ku bantu bakuru, hagakurikiraho T. vulgaris na N. sativa. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko Anopheles vulgare ari umuti ukomeye w’ibihumyo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, amavuta yayo ashobora kurwanya Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus na Aedes aegypti. Nubwo Anopheles vulgaris yagaragaje ingaruka nziza ku bihumyo muri ubu bushakashatsi, ni yo yagize ingaruka nke ku bantu bakuru. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Amakuru yacu agaragaza ko Anopheles sinensis ifite akamaro kanini mu kwica udukoko tw’inkari ariko ntigira akamaro cyane mu kwica udukoko tw’inkari tw’inkari dukuze. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ibinyabutabire bya Anopheles sinensis byirukana udukoko tw’inkari ...
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, thyme (An. graveolens) yagaragaje imbaraga zo kwica udukoko no kwica udukoko tw’umura. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, thyme yagaragaje imbaraga zo kwica udukoko tw’umura ku dukoko twa Cx. quinquefasciatus28 na Aedes aegypti29. Thyme yagaragaje imbaraga zo kwica udukoko tw’umura ku dukoko twa Culex pipiens ku gipimo cya 200 ppm, urupfu rugera ku kigero cya 100% mu gihe agaciro ka LC25 na LC50 nta ngaruka byagaragaje ku bikorwa bya acetylcholinesterase (AChE) no gukora ku buryo bwo gusohora uburozi, kwiyongera k’ibikorwa bya GST no kugabanuka k’umubare wa GSH ku kigero cya 30%.
Amwe mu mavuta y’ingenzi yakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi yagaragaje imikorere imwe yo kwica udukoko two mu bwoko bwa Culex pipiens nk’iya N. sativa32,33 na S. officinalis34. Amwe mu mavuta y’ingenzi nka T. vulgaris, S. officinalis, C. sempervirens na A. graveolens yagaragaje imikorere yo kwica udukoko two mu bwoko bwa larvice ku dukoko two mu bwoko bwa larvice dufite agaciro ka LC90 kari munsi ya 200–300 ppm. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zirimo ko igipimo cy’ibice by’ingenzi byayo gitandukana bitewe n’aho amavuta y’ibimera akomoka, ubwiza bw’amavuta, uburyo amavuta akoreshwa abikwa, uburyo abikwamo n’imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, turmeric ntiyagize ingaruka nziza cyane, ariko ibice byayo 27 nka curcumin na monocarbonyl derivatives bya curcumin byagaragaje imikorere yo kwica udukoko twa Culex pipiens na Aedes albopictus43, hamwe na hexane extract ya turmeric ku gipimo cya 1000 ppm mu gihe cy'amasaha 244 byagaragaje imikorere yo kwica udukoko twa Culex pipiens na Aedes albopictus 100%.
Ingaruka nk'izo zo kwica udukoko twa hexane twa rosemary (80 na 160 ppm), byagabanyije impfu ku kigero cya 100% mu dukoko twa Culex pipiens two mu cyiciro cya 3 n'icya 4 ndetse byongera uburozi ku kigero cya 50% mu dukoko no mu tunini.
Isesengura ry’ibinyabutabire muri ubu bushakashatsi ryagaragaje ibintu by’ingenzi bikora mu mavuta yasesenguwe. Amavuta y’icyayi kibisi ni umuti w’ibinyabutabire ukomeye cyane kandi urimo ingano nini ya polyphenols ifite imikorere irwanya uburozi, nk’uko byagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi. Ibisubizo bisa nabyo byabonetse59. Amakuru yacu agaragaza ko amavuta y’icyayi kibisi arimo na polyphenols nka aside gallic, catechins, methyl gallate, aside caffeic, aside coumaric, naringenin, na kaempferol, bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma yica udukoko.
Isesengura rya biochemical ryagaragaje ko amavuta y’ingenzi ya Rhodiola rosea agira ingaruka ku bubiko bw’ingufu, cyane cyane poroteyine na lipide30. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwacu n’iby’ubundi bushakashatsi rishobora guterwa n’imikorere y’ibinyabuzima n’imiterere y’ibinyabutabire by’amavuta y’ingenzi, bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’imyaka y’ibimera, imiterere y’ingingo, aho bikomoka, ibice byakoreshejwe mu gutunganya, ubwoko bw’amavuta y’ingenzi, n’ibihingwa. Bityo, ubwoko n’ibikubiye mu bintu bikora muri buri mavuta y’ingenzi bishobora guteza itandukaniro mu bushobozi bwabyo bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi16.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2025