一、Indwara ya Fusarium
Ibimenyetso by'ingaruka mbi:
Ipamba Indwara ya Fusariumishobora kugaragara kuva ku bimera kugeza ku bikuze, aho ikwirakwira cyane rigaragara mbere na nyuma yo kumera. Ishobora gushyirwa mu moko 5:
1. Ubwoko bw'umuhondo uhinduka umuhondo: Imitsi y'amababi y'ikimera kirwaye ihinduka umuhondo, mesophyll ikomeza kuba icyatsi kibisi, kandi amwe cyangwa menshi mu mababi asa n'umuhondo uhinduka umuhondo, agenda agabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi yumuka;
2. Ubwoko bw'umuhondo: Igice cy'aho cyangwa kinini cy'inkombe z'amababi gihinduka umuhondo, kigashonga kandi cyumye;
3. Ubwoko bw'umutuku w'umuhengeri: Ibice by'amababi byo hafi cyangwa binini bihinduka umutuku w'umuhengeri, kandi imitsi y'amababi nayo isa n'umutuku w'umuhengeri, iruma kandi irabira;
4. Ubwoko bw'icyatsi kibisi: Amababi atakaza amazi mu buryo butunguranye, ibara ry'amababi rihinduka icyatsi kibisi cyijimye gato, amababi arushaho koroha no kuba magufi, igiti cyose kiba icyatsi kibisi kandi cyumye kandi gipfa, ariko muri rusange amababi ntabwo agwa, kandi utubuto tw'igiti turagondamye;
5. Ubwoko bwo kugabanuka: Iyo hari amababi 5-7 nyayo, amababi menshi yo hejuru y’ikimera kirwaye aragabanuka, arahinduka, afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, afite internodes ngufi, ni magufi ugereranyije n’ibimera bizima, muri rusange ntabwo apfa, kandi xylem y’igihingwa kirwaye n’igice cy’umuzi n’igiti bihinduka umukara w’umukara.
Ishusho y'indwara:
Indwara yanduza ipamba ikwirakwira cyane cyane mu gihe cy'itumba mu mbuto z'ibimera zirwaye, ibisigazwa by'ibimera birwaye, ubutaka, n'ifumbire. Gutwara imbuto zanduye ni byo bitera indwara nshya, kandi ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi nko guhinga, gucunga no kuhira mu mirima y'ipamba yangiritse ni ibintu by'ingenzi bituma ikwirakwira hafi. Udukoko twanduza indwara dushobora kumera mu mizi, ku ruti, ku mababi, ku biti, n'ibindi by'ibimera birwaye mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi, bishobora gukwirakwira mu mwuka n'imvura, bigatera ibimera bizima bikikije.
Ingano y'ipamba Indwara ya Fusariumbifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe. Muri rusange, iyi ndwara itangira ku bushyuhe bw'ubutaka buri kuri dogere 20, ikagera ku rwego rwo hejuru iyo ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka buzamutse bukagera kuri dogere 25 -28; Mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi cyangwa mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi mu mpeshyi, iyi ndwara iba ikomeye; Imirima y'ipamba ifite ubutaka bwo hasi, ubutaka buremereye, ubutaka bwa alkaline, amazi mabi yo mu butaka, ifumbire ya azote ikoreshwa, n'ubuhinzi bwinshi birabangamirwa cyane.
Kurinda no kugenzura imiti:
1. Mbere yo kubiba, koresha 40% bya karbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% bya methyl sulfur • thiram inshuro 500 z'umuti wo kwica ubutaka;
2. Mu ntangiriro z'indwara, imizi yavomererwaga na karbendazim 40% • pentachloronitrobenzene, methylsulfide 50% • thiram inshuro 600-800 cyangwa umuti inshuro 500, cyangwa umuti inshuro 500 wa thiram inshuro 600-800, umuti inshuro 80 wa mancozeb inshuro 800-1000, hamwe n'ingaruka zikomeye zo kugenzura;
3. Ku mirima irwaye cyane, icyarimwe, umuti wa 0.2% wa potassium dihydrogen phosphate hamwe na 1% ya urea ukoreshwa mu gutera imbuto buri minsi 5-7 mu gihe cy'inshuro 2-3 zikurikiranye. Ingaruka zo kwirinda indwara ziragaragara cyane.
二、Ifu ya Verticillium Wil
Ibimenyetso by'ingaruka mbi:
Mbere na nyuma yo kumera mu murima, indwara itangira kugaragara, impande z'amababi yarwaye zitakaza amazi kandi zigashonga. Uduce tw'umuhondo tudahuje tugaragara ku gice cy'amababi kiri hagati y'imitsi y'amababi, buhoro buhoro tugenda dukura nk'uduce tw'ikigina cy'icyatsi kibisi ku mitsi y'amababi, tumeze nk'uruhu rw'imvange. Amababi yo hagati n'ayo hasi agenda akura buhoro buhoro yerekeza ku gice cyo hejuru, nta mababi agwa cyangwa ngo agwe igice. Igihingwa cyarwaye kiba kigufi gato ugereranyije n'igihingwa kizima. Nyuma y'amapfa menshi mu mpeshyi n'imvura nyinshi, cyangwa kuhira amazi menshi, amababi yahitaga ashwanyuka, nk'aho yatwitswe n'amazi abira, hanyuma agahita agwa, ari byo byitwa ubwoko bwo kushwagara bukabije.
Kurinda no kugenzura imiti:
1. Guhitamo ubwoko bw'imbuto zihanganira indwara no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo guhinduranya no guhinduranya ibihingwa. Mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'ipamba, gukoresha ingano, ibigori, n'ipamba bishobora kugabanya indwara; Gutera imiti ku gihe nka Sujie An mu gihe cy'izuba n'imbogo bishobora kugabanya indwara ya verticillium wilt.
2. Mu ntangiriro, 80% ya mancozeb, 50% ya thiram, 50% ya methamphetamine, thiram n'ibindi byatewe amazi inshuro 600-800 rimwe mu minsi 5-7 mu gihe cy'inshuro eshatu zikurikiranye, ibyo byagize ingaruka nziza mu gukumira indwara ya verticillium wilt.
三、Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'ipamba ry'ibimera bitukura (cotton verticillium wilt) na fusarium wilt
1. Verticillium wilt igaragara itinze kandi itangira kubaho gusa mu gihe cy'ibyiciro by'imimero; Fusarium wilt ishobora kwangiza bikomeye mu gihe cy'ibyiciro by'imimero, mu gihe ibyiciro by'imimero ari cyo cyiciro cyo hejuru cy'indwara.
2. Verticillium wilt akenshi itangirana n'amababi yo hasi, mu gihe fusarium wilt ikunze gutangirira hejuru imanuka.
3. Verticillium wilt itera umuhondo wa mesophyll naho fusarium wilt itera umuhondo mu mitsi.
4. Verticillium wilt itera ubukana bworoheje, mu gihe fusarium wilt itera ubwoko bw'ibimera kuba bugufi n'utubuto tw'imbere tukaba tugufi;
5. Nyuma yo gukata igiti, indwara ya verticillium wilt ihinduka umukara woroshye, naho indwara ya fusarium ihinduka umukara wijimye.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 14 Nzeri 2023