Indwara nyamukuru z'ipamba n'udukoko no kwirinda no kurwanya (1)

、 、Fusarium wilt

 Ibimenyetso byangiza:

 Impamba Fusarium wiltBirashobora kubaho kuva ku ngemwe kugeza kubantu bakuru, hamwe nibibazo byinshi bibaho mbere na nyuma yo kumera.Irashobora gushyirwa mubwoko 5:

1. Ubwoko bwumuhondo Reticulated Ubwoko: Amababi yikibabi arwaye ahinduka umuhondo, mesophyll ikomeza kuba icyatsi, kandi amababi amwe cyangwa menshi asa nkumuhondo uhindagurika, ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro;

2. Ubwoko bwumuhondo: Ibice cyangwa binini byuruhande rwibabi bihinduka umuhondo, kugabanuka no gukama;

3. Ubwoko butukura bwumutuku: Ibice byaho cyangwa binini byamababi bihinduka umutuku wijimye, kandi imitsi yamababi nayo igaragara nkumutuku wijimye, uruma kandi uruma;

4. Ubwoko bwumye bwumye: Amababi yatakaje amazi gitunguranye, ibara ryamababi rihinduka icyatsi kibisi cyijimye gato, amababi ahinduka yoroshye kandi yoroheje, igihingwa cyose ni icyatsi kandi cyumye kandi kirapfa, ariko muri rusange amababi ntagwa, kandi petioles irunamye;

5 umuzi urwaye umuzi nigice cyacyo gihinduka umukara.

 Uburyo bwa Pathogenezesi:

 Ipamba izatera indwara cyane mu gihe cyizuba mu mbuto z’ibiti zirwaye, ibisigazwa by’ibiti birwaye, ubutaka, n’ifumbire.Gutwara imbuto zanduye nizo ntandaro y’ahantu hashya h’indwara, kandi ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi nko guhinga, gucunga, no kuhira mu mirima yanduye ni ibintu byingenzi byanduza hafi.Intanga ngabo zishobora gukura mu mizi, mu giti, mu mababi, mu bishishwa, n'ibindi by'ibiti birwaye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bushobora gukwirakwira mu kirere no mu mvura, bikanduza ibimera bizima.

Indwara ya Pamba Fusarium wiltbifitanye isano ya hafi n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe.Muri rusange, indwara itangirira kuri 20 temperature ubushyuhe bwubutaka, ikagera ku mpinga iyo ubushyuhe bwubutaka buzamutse bugera kuri 25 ℃ -28 ℃;Mu gihe cy'imvura cyangwa umwaka w'imvura mu cyi, indwara irakomeye;Imirima y'ipamba ifite ubutaka buke, ubutaka buremereye, ubutaka bwa alkaline, amazi mabi, gukoresha ifumbire ya azote, no guhinga cyane bigira ingaruka zikomeye.

Kurinda imiti no kugenzura:

1. Mbere yo kubiba, koresha karbendazim 40% • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfure • thiram inshuro 500 igisubizo cyo kwanduza ubutaka;

2. Intangiriro yindwara, imizi yuhira hamwe na 40% ya karbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram inshuro 600-800 inshuro spray cyangwa inshuro 500, cyangwa 50% thiram inshuro 600-800, 80% mancozeb 800 Inshuro -1000 igisubizo, hamwe ningaruka zikomeye zo kugenzura;

3. Ku mirima irwaye cyane, icyarimwe, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen fosifate wongeyeho 1% umuti wa urea ukoreshwa mugutera spray foliar muminsi 5-7 muminsi 2-3 ikurikiranye.Ingaruka zo gukumira indwara ziragaragara cyane.

二 、Ipamba Verticillium

Ibimenyetso byangiza:

Mbere na nyuma yo kumera mu murima, indwara itangira kugaragara, impande z'amababi arwaye zitakaza amazi zikanunguruka.Ibibabi byumuhondo bidasanzwe bigaragara kuri mesophyll hagati yimitsi yamababi, bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro mumikindo yicyatsi nkibishishwa kumitsi yibibabi, bisa nimpu za watermelon.Amababi yo hagati no hepfo agenda akura buhoro buhoro yerekeza hejuru, ataguye cyangwa agwa igice.Igihingwa kirwaye ni kigufi gato kuruta igihingwa cyiza.Nyuma y'amapfa maremare mu cyi no mu mvura, cyangwa kuhira imyaka, amababi yatembye mu buryo butunguranye, nko gutwikwa n'amazi abira, hanyuma akagwa, ibyo bikaba byitwa ubwoko bukabije.

Kurinda imiti no kugenzura:

1. Guhitamo ubwoko butarwanya indwara no gushyira mubikorwa kuzunguruka no guhinduranya ibihingwa.Mu karere ka pamba yo mu majyaruguru, gukoresha ingano, ibigori, no guhinduranya ipamba birashobora kugabanya indwara;Gutera mugihe cyo kugenzura imikurire nka Sujie An mugihe cya bud na boll birashobora kugabanya kubaho kwa verticillium wilt.

2. Mubyiciro byambere, 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram nibindi bikoresho byatewe inshuro 600-800 zamazi rimwe muminsi 5-7 muminsi itatu ikurikiranye, byagize ingaruka nziza kuri gukumira ipamba verticillium wilt.

、 、Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya pamba verticillium wilt na fusarium wilt

1. Verticillium wilt igaragara itinze kandi itangira kugaragara gusa mugihe cyumuti;Fusarium irashobora kwangiza cyane mugihe cyo gutera, mugihe icyiciro cyumuti aricyo cyiciro cyindwara.

2. Verticillium wilt itangirira kumababi yo hepfo, mugihe fusarium igenda itangirira hejuru hejuru.

3. Verticillium wilt itera umuhondo wa mesophyll na fusarium wilt itera umuhondo wimitsi.

4. Verticillium wilt itera dwarfism nkeya, mugihe fusarium wilt itera ubwoko bwibimera dwarfed na internode ngufi;

5. Nyuma yo gukata uruti, bundle bundle verticillium wilt yijimye, naho fusarium wijimye yijimye.