Indwara nyamukuru z'ipamba n'udukoko no kwirinda no kurwanya (1)

一、Fusarium wilt

 Ibimenyetso byangiza:

 Impamba Fusarium wiltBirashobora kubaho kuva ku ngemwe kugeza kubantu bakuru, hamwe nibibazo byinshi bibaho mbere na nyuma yo kumera. Irashobora gushyirwa mubwoko 5:

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2. Ubwoko bwumuhondo: Ibice byaho cyangwa binini byuruhande rwibabi bihinduka umuhondo, bigabanuka kandi byumye;

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 Uburyo bwa Pathogenezesi:

 Ipamba izatera indwara cyane mu gihe cyizuba mu mbuto z’ibiti zirwaye, ibisigazwa by’ibiti birwaye, ubutaka, n’ifumbire. Gutwara imbuto zanduye nizo ntandaro y’ahantu hashya h’indwara, kandi ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi nko guhinga, gucunga, no kuhira mu mirima yanduye ni ibintu byingenzi byanduza hafi. Intanga ngabo zishobora gukura mu mizi, mu giti, mu mababi, mu bishishwa, n'ibindi by'ibiti birwaye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bushobora gukwirakwira mu kirere no mu mvura, bikanduza ibimera bizima.

Indwara ya Pamba Fusarium wiltbifitanye isano ya hafi n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe. Muri rusange, indwara itangirira kuri 20 temperature ubushyuhe bwubutaka, ikagera ku mpinga iyo ubushyuhe bwubutaka buzamutse bugera kuri 25 ℃ -28 ℃; Mu gihe cy'imvura cyangwa umwaka w'imvura mu cyi, indwara irakomeye; Imirima y'ipamba ifite ubutaka buke, ubutaka buremereye, ubutaka bwa alkaline, amazi mabi, gukoresha ifumbire ya azote, no guhinga cyane bigira ingaruka zikomeye.

Kurinda imiti no kugenzura:

1. Mbere yo kubiba, koresha 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfure • thiram inshuro 500 igisubizo cyo kwanduza ubutaka;

2. Intangiriro yindwara, imizi yuhira hamwe na 40% ya karbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram inshuro 600-800 inshuro spray cyangwa inshuro 500, cyangwa 50% thiram inshuro 600-800, igisubizo 80% mancozeb inshuro 800-1000, hamwe ningaruka zikomeye zo kugenzura;

3. Ku mirima irwaye cyane, icyarimwe, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen fosifate yumuti wongeyeho 1% ya urea ikoreshwa mugutera ibiti bya foliar buri minsi 5-7 muminsi 2-3 ikurikiranye. Ingaruka zo gukumira indwara ziragaragara cyane.

二、Ipamba Verticillium

Ibimenyetso byangiza:

Mbere na nyuma yo kumera mu murima, indwara itangira kugaragara, impande z'amababi arwaye zitakaza amazi zikanunguruka. Ibibabi byumuhondo bidasanzwe bigaragara kuri mesophyll hagati yimitsi yamababi, bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro mumikindo yicyatsi nkibishishwa kumitsi yibibabi, bisa nimpu za watermelon. Amababi yo hagati no hepfo agenda akura buhoro buhoro yerekeza hejuru, ataguye cyangwa agwa igice. Igihingwa kirwaye ni kigufi gato kuruta igihingwa cyiza. Nyuma y'amapfa maremare mu cyi no mu mvura, cyangwa kuhira imyaka, amababi yatembye mu buryo butunguranye, nko gutwikwa n'amazi abira, hanyuma akagwa, ibyo bikaba byitwa ubwoko bukabije.

Kurinda imiti no kugenzura:

1. Guhitamo ubwoko butarwanya indwara no gushyira mubikorwa kuzunguruka no guhinduranya ibihingwa. Mu karere ka pamba yo mu majyaruguru, gukoresha ingano, ibigori, no guhinduranya ipamba birashobora kugabanya indwara; Gutera mugihe cyo kugenzura imikurire nka Sujie An mugihe cya bud na boll birashobora kugabanya kubaho kwa verticillium wilt.

2. Mugihe cyambere, 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram nibindi bikoresho byatewe inshuro 600-800 zamazi rimwe muminsi 5-7 muminsi itatu ikurikiranye, byagize ingaruka nziza mukurinda ipamba verticillium.

三、Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya pamba verticillium wilt na fusarium wilt

1. Verticillium irashobora kugaragara itinze kandi itangira kugaragara mugihe cyicyatsi; Fusarium irashobora kwangiza cyane mugihe cyo gutera, mugihe icyiciro cyumuti aricyo cyiciro cyindwara.

2. Verticillium irashobora gutangirira kumababi yo hepfo, mugihe fusarium izajya itangirira hejuru hejuru.

3. Verticillium wilt itera umuhondo wa mesophyll na fusarium wilt itera umuhondo wimitsi.

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5. Nyuma yo gukata uruti, bundle bundle verticillium wilt iba yijimye, naho fusarium wijimye yijimye.