Microencapsulated imyiteguro

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kwihutisha imijyi n’umuvuduko wo kwimura ubutaka, umurimo wo mu cyaro wibanze cyane mu mijyi, kandi ikibazo cy’ibura ry’abakozi cyarushijeho kugaragara, bigatuma abakozi bahembwa menshi; kandi umubare w'abagore mu bakozi wiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kandi imiti gakondo iremereye Imiti ihura n'ibibazo. Cyane cyane hamwe nogukomeza gushyira mubikorwa kugabanya imiti yica udukoko no kongera imikorere, irashobora kuzamura igipimo cyimikoreshereze yimiti yica udukoko, kugabanya akazi, kandi igatanga amahirwe meza yo guteza imbere uburyo bwo kuzigama abakozi hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha. Imyiteguro yo kuzigama umurimo no kuzigama imirimo nkibitonyanga bitonyanga, granules ireremba, amavuta akwirakwiza firime, U granules, na microcapsules byahindutse ubushakashatsi bwibigo byinganda mumyaka yashize, bitangiza amahirwe meza yiterambere. Iterambere ryabo no kubishyira mu bikorwa byagiye bikurikirana isoko rinini mu murima wumuceri, harimo n’ibihingwa ngengabukungu, kandi ibyiringiro ni binini cyane. 

Iterambere ryimyiteguro yo kuzigama umurimo iragenda iba myiza 

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ikoranabuhanga ry’imiti yica udukoko mu gihugu cyanjye ryageze ku iterambere ryihuse, kandi iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ibidukikije ryarushijeho kugaragara; kunoza imikorere, kwibanda kumutekano wicyatsi, no kugabanya dosiye no kongera imikorere ninzira yonyine yiterambere.

Ibikorwa byo kuzigama umurimo ni udushya dushya dukurikiza inzira. By'umwihariko, ubushakashatsi buzigama umurimo ku miti yica udukoko bivuze ko abashoramari bashobora kuzigama amasaha y’umuntu n’umurimo mu bikorwa byo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko binyuze mu nzira n’ingamba zitandukanye, ni ukuvuga kwiga uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzigama umurimo no kuzigama abakozi kugira ngo bwihuse kandi neza mu gukoresha imiti yica udukoko. Koresha ahabigenewe ibihingwa.

Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, Ubuyapani nicyo gihugu cyihuta cyane mu iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryangiza imiti yica udukoko, rikurikirwa na Koreya y'Epfo. Iterambere ryibikorwa byo kuzigama abakozi byanyuze mubikorwa bitatu byubushakashatsi niterambere kuva muri granules kugeza kuri granules nini, formulaire effevercent, formulaire itemba, hanyuma kugeza kuri firime ikwirakwiza amavuta, granules ireremba, na U granules.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko nayo yateye imbere byihuse mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi iterambere n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibihingwa bifitanye isano nabyo byatejwe imbere kandi bigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu bihingwa bigereranywa n’imirima y’umuceri. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kuzigama umurimo bwica udukoko twangiza udukoko harimo amavuta akwirakwiza firime, granules ireremba, U granules, microcapsules, amazi akwirakwiza ibintu, ibikoresho bya effevercent (tableti), granules nini, granules nyinshi, umwotsi, imiti yangiza, nibindi. 

Mu myaka yashize, umubare w'imyiteguro yo kuzigama umurimo yanditswe mu gihugu cyanjye yiyongereye uko umwaka utashye. Kugeza ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2021, Ubushinwa bushinzwe amakuru yica udukoko twangiza udukoko twerekana ko mu gihugu cyanjye hari ibicuruzwa 24 byanditseho ibinyampeke binini, ibicuruzwa 10 by’amavuta akwirakwiza firime, ibicuruzwa 1 byanditse ku mazi akwirakwiza amazi, 146 byangiza umwotsi, 262 byangiza, hamwe n’ibinini byangiza. Dose 17 hamwe na 303 ya microcapsule. 

Mingde Lida, Zhongbao Lunong, Xin'an Chemical, Shaanxi Thompson, Shandong Kesaiji Nong, Chengdu Xinchaoyang, Shaanxi Xiannong, Jiangxi Zhongxun, Shandong Xianda, Hunan Dafang, Anhui Huaxing Chemical, nibindi byose biri kuriyi nzira. 'Umuyobozi. 

Byakoreshejwe cyane imyiteguro yo kuzigama imirimo mumirima yumuceri 

Kuvuga ko imyiteguro yo kuzigama umurimo ikoreshwa cyane, kandi sisitemu ya tekinike irakuze, iracyari umurima wumuceri. 

Imirima yumuceri nibihingwa hamwe nogukoresha cyane imyiteguro yo kuzigama umurimo murugo no mumahanga. Nyuma yiterambere mumyaka yashize, dosiye yuburyo bwimyiteguro yo kuzigama abakozi ikoreshwa mumirima yumuceri mugihugu cyanjye ahanini ni amavuta akwirakwiza firime, granules ireremba hamwe na granules (U granules). Muri byo, firime ikwirakwiza amavuta niyo ikoreshwa cyane.

Amavuta akwirakwiza firime nuburyo bwa dosiye aho umuti wica udukoko wumwimerere ushonga mumavuta. By'umwihariko, ni amavuta yakozwe mukongeramo umwihariko wo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza amavuta asanzwe. Iyo ikoreshejwe, ijugunywa mu murima wumuceri kugirango ikwirakwize, kandi imaze gukwirakwira, ikwirakwira hejuru y’amazi yonyine kugira ngo igire ingaruka. Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo nka 4% thifur · azoxystrobin ikwirakwiza amavuta, 8% ya thiazide ikwirakwiza amavuta, 1% spirulina ethanolamine yumunyu ukwirakwiza amavuta, nibindi, bikoreshwa mugutonyanga, byoroshye cyane. Ibigize amavuta arambuye ya firime arimo ibintu bikora, surfactants, hamwe nudusembwa twa peteroli, kandi mubipimo byayo bigenzura ubuziranenge burimo ibintu bikora, urwego pH, impagarara zubutaka, impagarara zingana hagati yubushuhe, ubushuhe, gukwirakwiza umuvuduko, gukwirakwiza ahantu, ubushyuhe buke, kubika ubushyuhe. ituze. 

Granules ireremba ni ubwoko bushya bwo gukora udukoko twica udukoko tureremba hejuru y’amazi nyuma yo gushyirwa mu mazi, bigahita bikwirakwira hejuru y’amazi yose, hanyuma bigasenyuka bikwirakwizwa mu mazi. Ibigize birimo cyane cyane imiti yica udukoko, ibyuzuza byuzuza ibyuzuza, binders, gusenya ibintu, n'ibindi. Ibigize granules ireremba birimo ibintu bikora, gutwara ibintu, no gutatanya ibintu, kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho bigenzura ubuziranenge birimo isura, igihe cyo gusenyuka, igipimo cyo kureremba, intera ikwirakwizwa, n’igabanuka. 

U granules igizwe nibikoresho bikora, abatwara, binders hamwe nibintu bitandukanye. Iyo ushyizwe mumurima wumuceri, granules itura byigihe gito hasi, hanyuma granules ikongera ikareremba. Hanyuma, ingirakamaro ikora irashonga kandi ikwirakwira mu mpande zose hejuru y’amazi. Iterambere ryambere kwari ugutegura cypermethrine mugucunga amazi yumuceri. Ibigize U granules ikubiyemo ibintu bikora, abatwara, binders, hamwe nogukwirakwiza ibintu, kandi mubipimo byayo bigenzura ubuziranenge harimo isura, igihe cyo gutangira kureremba, igihe cyo kurangiza kureremba, intera ikwirakwizwa, igipimo cyo gusenyuka, no gusenyuka.

Nk’uko abashinzwe inganda babitangaza, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo byateje imbere ikoreshwa rya U granules na granules zireremba ku rugero runini, ariko usanga hari ubushakashatsi buke mu gihugu, kandi nta bicuruzwa bifitanye isano na byo byashyizwe ku isoko kugeza ubu. Icyakora, byemezwa ko mu minsi ya vuba hazaba ibicuruzwa bya granule bireremba ku isoko mu Bushinwa. Muri kiriya gihe, amazi asanzwe areremba hejuru ya granules cyangwa ibinini bya tableti ya effevercent bizasimburwa bikurikirana mubuvuzi bwumuceri, bizafasha ibicuruzwa byinshi byumuceri murugo. Abahinzi bungukirwa nuburyo bakoreshwa. 

Microencapsulated imyiteguro ihinduka ubutaka bukurikira bwo guhatanira inganda 

Mu byiciro biriho byo gutegura kuzigama umurimo, imyiteguro ya microencapsulated niyo yibandwaho cyane munganda mumyaka yashize. 

Guhagarika imiti yica udukoko twica udukoko (CS) bivuga imiti yica udukoko ikoresha ibikoresho bya sintetike cyangwa naturel ya polymer kugirango ibe mikorobe-shitingi yibikoresho bya micro-kontineri, yambika imiti yica udukoko, ikabihagarika mumazi. Harimo ibice bibiri, igikonoshwa cya capsule hamwe na capsule, intandaro ya capsule nikintu gikora imiti yica udukoko, naho igikonoshwa ni capsule yibikoresho bya firime. Ikoranabuhanga rya Microencapsulation ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu mahanga, harimo udukoko twica udukoko na fungicide, byatsinze ibibazo bya tekiniki ndetse n’ibiciro, kandi byateye imbere cyane mu Bushinwa mu myaka yashize. Iperereza ryakozwe n’urusobe rw’amakuru y’udukoko twangiza udukoko mu Bushinwa, kugeza ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2021, umubare w’ibicuruzwa byateguwe na microcapsulée byanditswe mu gihugu cyanjye byose hamwe ni 303, kandi mu nyandiko zanditswemo harimo guhagarika microcapsule 245, guhagarika microcapsule 33, no guhagarika imbuto za microcapsule. Granules 11, imiti 8 yo kuvura microcapsule ihagarikwa-ihagarika, ifu ya microcapsule 3, granules 7 ya microcapsule, microcapsule 1, na microcapsule 1 ihagarikwa-emulusiyo.

Birashobora kugaragara ko umubare wihagarikwa rya microcapsule wanditswe mumyiteguro ya microcapsule yo murugo ni nini cyane, kandi ubwoko bwa dosiye zanditswemo ni buto, bityo rero hari umwanya munini witerambere.

Umuyobozi w'ikigo R&D cy'itsinda ry’ibinyabuzima rya Yunfa, Liu Runfeng, yavuze ko microcapsules yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, ifite ibyiza byo kugira ingaruka zirambye, umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije. Imwe murimwe ni ahantu h’ubushakashatsi mu myaka yashize, kandi ni n'umusozi mushya ukurikira ku bakora inganda guhatana. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwo mu rugo kuri capsules bwibanda cyane muri za kaminuza no mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kandi ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze ni bwiza cyane. Kuberako hari inzitizi zitari nke za tekiniki mugikorwa cyo gukora microcapsule itegura, munsi ya 100 iracuruzwa mubucuruzi, kandi mubushinwa nta mikorobe ihari. Ibicuruzwa bya capsule ninganda zitegura imiti yica udukoko hamwe nubushobozi bwibanze bwo guhangana.

Muri iri rushanwa rikaze ry’isoko, usibye kuba urwego rudasubirwaho rw’amasosiyete y’amahanga ashaje mu mitima y’abashinwa, amasosiyete akora udushya mu gihugu nka Mingde Lida, Hailier, Lier, na Guangxi Tianyuan yishingikiriza ku bwiza kugira ngo acike mu kugota. Muri bo, Mingde Lida yavuze ko ibicuruzwa by'Abashinwa bitameze neza nk'amasosiyete yo mu mahanga kuri iyi nzira. 

Liu Runfeng yerekanye ko ikoranabuhanga rya microencapsulation ariryo shingiro ryirushanwa rya Mindleader. Mindleader yateje imbere ibice nka beta-cyhalothrin, metolachlor, prochloraz, na abamectin: Hariho ibicuruzwa birenga 20 byemejwe kandi biri ku murongo kugira ngo byandikwe mu bice bine by'ingenzi: urukurikirane rwa microcapsule ya fungiside, udukoko twica udukoko twica udukoko, urukurikirane rw'imbuto za microcapsule. Ibihingwa bitandukanye byapfunditswe, nk'umuceri, citrusi, imboga, ingano, pome, ibigori, pome, inzabibu, ibishyimbo, n'ibindi. 

Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya microcapsule ya Mingde Lida byashyizwe ku rutonde cyangwa bigiye gushyirwa ku Bushinwa birimo Delica® (25% beta-cyhalothrin na microcapsule ihagarikwa-ihagarikwa), Lishan® (45% essence Metolachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Lizao® (30% Oxadiazone · Butchlor Microcapsule Guhagarika Microcapsule), Jinggongfu ® (23% beta-cyhalothrin microcapsule ihagarikwa), Miaowanjin® (25% fabricianidin · metalaxyl · fludioxonil ivura imbuto microcapsule guhagarika-guhagarika), Deliang® (5% Abamectin Microcapsule Guhagarika), Mingdaoshouide (25% Prochl hazabaho byinshi bishya byo guhuza ibikorwa bikozwe muri microcapsule ihagarikwa. Hamwe no kwandikisha abanyamahanga, ibicuruzwa bya microcapsule ya Mingde Lida bizagenda byamamazwa buhoro buhoro kandi bikoreshwa ku isi yose.

Liu Runfeng avuga ku bijyanye n’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza, Liu Runfeng yatangaje ko hazabaho inzira eshanu zikurikira: ① kuva kurekura buhoro buhoro kugeza kugenzurwa-kurekurwa; Material ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije aho kubungabunga ibikoresho byurukuta kugirango bigabanye irekurwa rya “microplastique” mubidukikije; Bishingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu zitandukanye; Uburyo bwo gutegura neza kandi bwangiza ibidukikije; Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma. Kuzamura ireme ryibicuruzwa byahagaritswe microcapsule nibyo bizibandwaho ninganda zihagarariwe na Mingde Lida mugihe kizaza. 

Muri make, hamwe niterambere ryimbitse ryo kugabanya imiti yica udukoko no kuzamura imikorere, ibisabwa ku isoko hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kuzigama abakozi bizarushaho gukoreshwa no kurekurwa, kandi ejo hazaza habo hazaba ntarengwa. Birumvikana ko hazabaho kandi nibindi bigo byiza byitegura byisuka muriyi nzira, kandi amarushanwa azaba menshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu bo mu nganda barahamagarira ibigo by’imiti yica udukoko mu gihugu kurushaho gushimangira ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’imiti yica udukoko, kongera ishoramari ry’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, gushakisha ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya imiti yica udukoko, guteza imbere iterambere ry’imiti ikiza abakozi, no kurushaho gukorera ubuhinzi.