Inzitiramibu nshya zirwanya udukoko zitanga icyizere mu kurwanya malariya muri Afurika

Udukoko twica udukoko-Inzitiramubu zavuwe (ITNs) zabaye inkingi ikomeye mu bikorwa byo gukumira malariya mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, kandi ikoreshwa ryazo ryagize uruhare runini mu gukumira iyi ndwara no kurokora ubuzima. Kuva mu 2000, ibikorwa byo kurwanya malariya ku isi, harimo no binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwa ITN, byakumiye abarwayi barenga miliyari 2 ba malariya n'impfu hafi miliyoni 13.
Nubwo hari intambwe yatewe, imibu ikwirakwiza malariya mu turere twinshi yagize ubudahangarwa ku miti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu nzitiramibu ziterwa umuti, cyane cyane pyrethroids, bigabanya ubushobozi bwayo kandi bigahungabanya iterambere mu gukumira malariya. Iki kibazo gikomeje kwiyongera cyatumye abashakashatsi bihutisha iterambere ry’inzitiramibu nshya zitanga uburinzi burambye kuri malariya.
Mu 2017, OMS yatanze inama yo gukoresha inzitiramibu ya mbere ivurwa n’imiti yica udukoko yagenewe kuba ingirakamaro mu kurwanya imibu irwanya pyrethroid. Nubwo iyi yari intambwe ikomeye, hakenewe udushya twinshi mu guteza imbere inzitiramibu zivurwa n’imiti zikoreshwa mu buryo bubiri, gusuzuma ingaruka zazo mu kurwanya imibu irwanya imiti yica udukoko n’ingaruka zayo ku ikwirakwira rya malariya, no gusuzuma uburyo ihendutse.
Iyi shusho yasohotse mbere y’umunsi mpuzamahanga wa Malariya wa 2025, igaragaza ubushakashatsi, iterambere n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’insinga ziterwa imiti ibiri (DINETs) - umusaruro w’imyaka myinshi y’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu, imiryango, abakora, abaterankunga n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye ku isi, mu karere no mu gihugu.
Mu 2018, Unitaid na Global Fund batangije umushinga wa New Nets, uyobowe n'ihuriro ry'abashinzwe kurwanya udukoko duto (Coalition for Innovative Vector Control) ku bufatanye bwa hafi na gahunda z'igihugu zo kurwanya malariya n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa, barimo Perezida wa Amerika ushinzwe kurwanya malariya, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation na MedAccess, kugira ngo bashyigikire imishinga yo gutanga ibimenyetso n'igerageza kugira ngo bihutishe impinduka mu ihinduka ry'inzitiramibu ziterwa imiti ibiri muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara kugira ngo hakorwe ingamba zo guhangana n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibicurane.
Iyi miyoboro yatangiye gushyirwaho muri Burkina Faso mu 2019, ndetse no mu myaka yakurikiyeho muri Benin, Mozambike, u Rwanda na Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya kugira ngo hagenzurwe uburyo iyi miyoboro ikora mu bihe bitandukanye.
Mu mpera za 2022, umushinga wa New Mosquito Nets, ku bufatanye n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga n'Umushinga wa Perezida wa Amerika wo kurwanya Malariya, uzaba umaze gushyiraho inzitiramibu zirenga miliyoni 56 mu bihugu 17 byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara aho byagaragaye ko ubudahangarwa bw'imiti yica udukoko bwagaragaye.
Igerageza ry’ubuvuzi n’inyigo z’igerageza byagaragaje ko inzitiramubu zirimo imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu buryo bubiri ziyongera igipimo cyo kurwanya malariya ku kigero cya 20-50% ugereranije n’inzitiramubu zisanzwe zirimo pyrethrins gusa. Byongeye kandi, igerageza ry’ubuvuzi muri Repubulika y’Ubumwe bwa Tanzaniya na Benin ryagaragaje ko inzitiramubu zirimo pyrethrins na chlorfenapyr zigabanya cyane igipimo cyo kwandura malariya ku bana bari hagati y’amezi 6 n’imyaka 10.
Kongera ishyirwa mu bikorwa no gukurikirana inzitiramibu zo mu gihe kizaza, inkingo n'ubundi buryo bushya bizasaba gukomeza gushora imari muri gahunda zo kurwanya no kurandura malariya, harimo no kwemeza ko ikigega mpuzamahanga n'umuryango w’abakingira ba Gavi byongera ubwiyongere bw’ingufu.
Uretse inzitiramibu nshya zo kuryamaho, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bishya byo kugenzura ibinyabuzima, nk'imiti yica mu kirere, imiyoboro yica mu rugo (imiyoboro y'amadirishya), n'imibu yahinduwe mu buryo bw'uturemangingo.