Ibitanda bishya-byica udukoko dutanga ibyiringiro byo kurwanya malariya muri Afrika

Udukoko-inshundura zavuwe (ITNs) zabaye umusingi w’ibikorwa byo gukumira malariya mu myaka 20 ishize, kandi ikoreshwa ryabo ryagize uruhare runini mu gukumira indwara no kurokora ubuzima. Kuva mu 2000, ingamba zo kurwanya malariya ku isi hose, harimo binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwa ITN, zarinze abantu barenga miliyari 2 za malariya ndetse n’impfu zigera kuri miliyoni 13.
Nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa, imibu yanduza malariya mu turere twinshi yagiye igira uruhare mu kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko dukunze gukoreshwa mu rushundura rw’ibitanda bivura udukoko, cyane cyane pyrethroide, bigabanya imikorere yazo kandi bikabangamira iterambere mu gukumira malariya. Iri terabwoba rigenda ryiyongera ryateye abashakashatsi kwihutisha iterambere ry’urushundura rushya rutanga uburinzi burambye bwa malariya.
Muri 2017, OMS yasabye urushundura rwa mbere ruvura udukoko twica udukoko twagenewe kurushaho kurwanya imibu irwanya pyrethide. Nubwo iyi yari intambwe yingenzi yateye imbere, harakenewe ubundi buryo bushya bwo guteza imbere inshundura zibiri zatewe nudukoko twica udukoko, gusuzuma imikorere yabyo kurwanya imibu irwanya udukoko n’ingaruka zabyo ku kwanduza malariya, no gusuzuma akamaro kayo.
Yatangajwe mbere y’umunsi mpuzamahanga wa Malariya ku isi 2025, iyi shusho yerekana ubushakashatsi, iterambere no kohereza inshundura zivura udukoko twangiza udukoko (DINETs) - ibisubizo by’imyaka myinshi y’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu, abaturage, inganda, abaterankunga ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa benshi ku isi, mu karere ndetse n’igihugu.
Mu mwaka wa 2018, Unitaid n'Ikigega cy'Isi cyashyize ahagaragara umushinga mushya wa Nets, uyobowe na Coalition for Innovative Vector Control ku bufatanye bwa hafi na gahunda z’igihugu cya malariya ndetse n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, harimo na gahunda ya Malariya ya Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation na MedAccess, kugira ngo bashyigikire ibimenyetso bifatika ndetse n’imishinga y’icyitegererezo yo kwihutisha inzibacyuho zatewe n’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza.
Iyi miyoboro yashyizwe bwa mbere muri Burkinafaso mu 2019, no mu myaka yakurikiyeho muri Bénin, Mozambike, u Rwanda na Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya kugira ngo isuzume uko iyo miyoboro ikora mu bihe bitandukanye.
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2022, umushinga mushya w'inzitiramubu, ku bufatanye na Global Fund hamwe na Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ushinzwe kurwanya Malariya, uzaba umaze gushyira inzitiramubu zirenga miliyoni 56 mu bihugu 17 byo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara ahanditse inyandiko zo kurwanya udukoko.
Igeragezwa rya Clinical hamwe nubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo bwerekanye ko inshundura zirimo udukoko twica udukoko twica udukoko twangiza malariya 20-50% ugereranije ninshundura zirimo pyrethrine gusa. Byongeye kandi, ibizamini by’amavuriro muri Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya na Bénin byerekanye ko inshundura zirimo pyrethrine na chlorfenapyr zigabanya cyane umubare w’ubwandu bwa malariya ku bana bafite amezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 10.
Kugabanya uburyo bwo kohereza no gukurikirana inzitiramubu izakurikiraho, inkingo hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rishya bizakenera ishoramari muri gahunda yo kurwanya malariya no kurandura burundu, harimo no kuzuza ikigega cy’isi ndetse n’ubufatanye bw’inkingo za Gavi.
Usibye inshundura nshya zo kuryama, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kugenzura imiti igabanya ubukana, nk'imiti yangiza ikirere, ibyorezo byo mu rugo byica (igituba cy'imyenda y'imyenda), n'imibu ikorwa na geneti.