Ibisigazwa by'imiti yica udukoko mu biribwa: ni ibihe byifashe mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'i Burayi?

Muri raporo yayo ngarukamwaka, Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) cyavuze ko ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu zikomoka ku bisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko zakoreshejwekwica cyangwa kurwanya udukoko(harimo n’udukoko twangiza indwara n’udukoko twangiza, inyamaswa, n’ibimera) biracyari hasi, bihuye n’imyaka yashize. EFSA yasesenguye ibihumbi by’ibipimo byakusanyijwe mu bicuruzwa bisanzwe mu 2023.
Raporo yasesenguye amakuru y’ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko yakusanyijwe binyuze mu mishinga yo gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo butunguranye n’iy’intego. Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) cyanashyize ahagaragara igikoresho cyo gusabana cyemerera abakoresha kureba amakuru mu buryo bw’imbonerahamwe.
Ikigo cy’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) cyasesenguye ibyavuye mu bipimo 13.246, byatoranijwe mu buryo butunguranye mu biribwa 12 bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi, mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Noruveje na Isilande, nk’igice cya gahunda yo gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry’ibiribwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU MACP).
Nk’uko bikubiye muri gahunda ya MACP ya EU, ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa bimwe bukorwa buri myaka itatu kugira ngo harebwe uko ibintu bigenda. Mu 2023, icyitegererezo cyarimo karoti, cauliflower, kiwifruit (icyatsi kibisi, umutuku, n'umuhondo), ibitunguru, amacunga, amapera, ibirayi, ibishyimbo byumye, umuceri w'umukara, ifu y'ingano, umwijima w'inka n'amavuta y'inkoko.
Mu bipimo byasesenguwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga ikirere cyahinduwe na EU (MAC), 99% byujuje ibisabwa na EU. Ibi bisubizo birahuye n'ibyabonetse ubwo batoranyaga ibicuruzwa bimwe muri 2020 (99.1%).
Mu bipimo 2.023, 70% nta bisigazwa byashoboraga gupimwa byari bifite, mu gihe 28% byari bifite ibisigazwa bimwe cyangwa byinshi, byose biri mu mubare wemewe n'amategeko. Ibipimo by'ibisigazwa byarenze umupaka ntarengwa wemewe (MRL) muri 2% by'ibipimo, aho 1% byananiwe kuzuza ibisabwa nyuma yo kubara ibipimo bitazwi neza. Ibitekerezo bya siyansi byakoreshejwe mu isuzuma ry'ibyago bireba inzitizi zose mu bumenyi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro w'isuzuma, bitewe n'ibikoresho byari bihari mu gihe cy'isuzuma.
Raporo y’umwaka y’ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko mu kigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) ikubiyemo kandi ibyavuye muri gahunda y’igihugu yo kugenzura imiti myinshi (MANCP), ikusanya amakuru yerekeye ingero z’ibipimo hakurikijwe urwego rw’ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’iyi miti.
Izi gahunda zo kugenzura igihugu zakiriye ingero 132.793, muri zo 98% byujuje ibisabwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Igipimo cyo kubahiriza ibisabwa na MANCP cyari 97.5% na 97.8% muri 2021 na 2022, uko bikurikirana.
Mu bipimo 2.023, 58% nta bisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko byari bifite, 38.3% byari bifite ibisigazwa biri mu mbibi zemewe, naho 3.7% birengeje umupaka ntarengwa w’ibisigazwa by’imiti (MRL), ari na wo mubare ntarengwa wemewe w’ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko mu biribwa cyangwa mu biryo by’amatungo, bigaragazwa muri miligarama kuri kilo. Ibipimo bibiri ku ijana ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko.
Ibisubizo bya gahunda zo gukurikirana ni isoko y'ingirakamaro y'amakuru yo gusuzuma ingaruka z'ibintu byangiza mu biribwa. Isuzuma ry'ibyago risaba gupima ingano y'ibintu byongewemo cyangwa biriho ku bushake (nk'intungamubiri, inyongeramusaruro, cyangwa imiti yica udukoko) bikoreshwa n'abantu cyangwa inyamaswa binyuze mu biribwa, ndetse no gusuzuma ibisigazwa by'imiti yica udukoko mu bakoresha b'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.
Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) cyakoze isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku buzima bw’abaguzi nyuma yo gusesengura ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Iri suzuma ryerekanye ko abaguzi bashobora guhura n’ibisigazwa birenze urugero rw’umutekano runaka (ni ukuvuga urugero cyangwa urwego rw’ibisigazwa aho nta ngaruka mbi zagaragara).
Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by’isuzuma, Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) cyanzuye ko ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko mu biribwa byageragejwe bitera ingaruka nke ku buzima bw’abaguzi.
Raporo yanatanze inama zo kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko mu Burayi. Urugero, Ikigo cy’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa cyasabye ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi gukora iperereza ryinyongera no gukurikirana uruvange rw’imiti yica udukoko mu bihingwa bituma hatakurikizwa amategeko, ndetse no gukomeza gukora isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibipimo byatumijwe hanze y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kugira ngo harebwe ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko.