Uniconazole, ishingiye kuri triazoleibuza ibimera gukura, ifite ingaruka nyamukuru mu binyabuzima zo kugenzura imikurire y’ibimera mu gice cy’imbere cy’ubutaka, gukura ibihingwa mu buryo busanzwe, guteza imbere imikurire n’iterambere ry’imizi, kunoza imikorere ya fotosinthesiyo, no kugenzura guhumeka. Muri icyo gihe, ifite kandi ingaruka zo kurinda uturemangingo n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri, yongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihangayiko y’ibimera.
Porogaramu
a. Hinga imbuto zikomeye kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibihingwa bitoranijwe
| Umuceri | Kunywesha umuceri mu mazi ya 50 ~ 100mg/L mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 ~ 36 bishobora gutuma amababi y'imbuto aba icyatsi kibisi, imizi ikura, kongera ingano, kongera amahundo n'ibinyampeke, no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amapfa n'ubukonje. (Icyitonderwa: Ubwoko butandukanye bw'umuceri bufite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kwihanganira enobuzole, umuceri uvanze > umuceri wa japonica > umuceri w'imvange, uko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibimera burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko ingano yawo iba nto.) |
| Ingano | Kurobeka imbuto z'ingano mu mazi angana na 10-60mg /L mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 cyangwa kuzisiga imbuto zumutse hamwe na 10-20 mg / kg (imbuto) bishobora kubuza gukura kw'ibice biri hejuru y'ubutaka, bigatera imbere mu mikurire y'imizi, kandi byongera uburemere bw'ibice 1000 n'umubare w'ibice bishishwa. Ku rugero runaka, ingaruka mbi zo kwiyongera k'ubucucike no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya azote ku bice by'umusaruro zishobora kugabanuka. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ku gipimo gito (40 mg / L), imikorere ya enzyme yariyongereye buhoro buhoro, ubusugire bw'urukiramende rwa plasma bwaragizweho ingaruka, kandi igipimo cyo gusohora electrolyte cyaragizweho ingaruka ugereranyije n'ubwiyongere. Kubwibyo, igipimo gito gifasha cyane mu guhinga imbuto zikomeye no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingano. |
| Sayiri | Imbuto za sayiri zitose muri enobuzole ya 40 mg/L mu gihe cy'amasaha 20 zishobora gutuma ingemwe ziba ngufi kandi zikomeye, amababi akaba icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ubwiza bw'ingemwe burushaho kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya stress bugakomeza kwiyongera. |
| Gufata ku ngufu | Mu cyiciro cy'amababi 2-3 y'imbuto za rape, imiti yo gusukura amazi ya 50-100 mg/L ishobora kugabanya uburebure bw'imbuto, kongera amashami magufi, amababi mato n'amanini, kongera umubare w'amababi y'icyatsi kibisi kuri buri gihingwa, ingano ya chlorophyll n'igipimo cy'imitsi, no guteza imbere imikurire y'imbuto. Nyuma yo gutera mu murima, uburebure bw'ishami bugenda neza bwaragabanutse, umubare w'ishami ugenda neza n'umubare w'inguni kuri buri gihingwa byiyongera, kandi umusaruro wiyongera. |
| Inyanya | Kurobeka imbuto z'inyanya hamwe na endosinazole ingana na 20 mg/L mu gihe cy'amasaha 5 bishobora kugenzura neza imikurire y'imbuto, bigatuma igiti kirushaho gukomera, gifite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, imiterere y'igihingwa ikunda gukoreshwa nk'imbuto zikomeye, bishobora kongera cyane ingano y'umurambararo w'igiti/uburebure bw'igihingwa, no kongera imbaraga z'imbuto. |
| Inkonkomere | Kurobeka imbuto z'inkeri hamwe na 5 ~ 20 mg / L ya enlobuzole mu gihe cy'amasaha 6 ~ 12 bishobora kugenzura neza imikurire y'inkeri, bigatuma amababi aba icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, amashami akaba manini, amababi akaba manini, kandi bigatuma umubare w'amahumbezi wiyongera kuri buri kimera, bikongera cyane umusaruro w'inkeri. |
| Urusenda ruryoshye | Ku mababi 2 n'igice kimwe cy'umutima, ingemwe zatewe umuti w'amazi uri hagati ya 20 na 60mg/L, ushobora kugabanya cyane uburebure bw'ibimera, kongera umurambararo w'igiti, kugabanya ubuso bw'amababi, kongera igipimo cy'imizi n'amashami, kongera ibikorwa bya SOD na POD, no kunoza cyane ubwiza bw'ingemwe z'urusenda ruryoshye. |
| Watermelon | Kurobeka imbuto za watermelon mu mazi abira (25 mg/L) endosinazole mu gihe cy'amasaha 2 bishobora kugenzura neza imikurire y'imbuto, kongera ubugari bw'igiti n'ubwiyongere bw'ibimera byumye, no kongera imikurire y'imbuto za watermelon. Kongera ubwiza bw'imbuto. |
b. Kugenzura ikura ry'ibimera kugira ngo wongere umusaruro
| Umuceri | Mu gihe cy’impinduka mu myaka ya nyuma (iminsi 7 mbere yo guhuza), umuceri waterwaga 100 ~ 150mg / L ya enlobuzole kugira ngo wongere umusaruro, urusheho kwiyongera. |
| Ingano | Mu ntangiriro zo guhuza ingano, ingano zose zateweho 50-60 mg/L enlobuzole, ishobora kugenzura uburebure bwa internode, kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amacumbi, kongera urwego rukora neza, uburemere bw'ibinyampeke igihumbi n'umubare w'ibinyampeke kuri buri urwego, no gutuma umusaruro wiyongera. |
| Amasaka aryoshye | Ubwo uburebure bw'igihingwa cy'amasaka meza bwari cm 120, 800mg/L ya enlobuzole yashyizwe ku gihingwa cyose, uburebure bw'igihingwa bwiyongereye cyane, uburebure bw'igihingwa bwaragabanutse cyane, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kwangirika bwiyongereye, kandi umusaruro wari uhamye. |
| Amashu | Mu cyiciro cyo gutera imbuto, gukoresha umuti w’amazi wa 30mg/L ku gihingwa cyose bishobora gutuma inkoni ikomera, bikarinda gucika, kandi bikongera ubucucike bw’imbuto ku gipimo gikwiye bishobora gutuma umusaruro wiyongera cyane. |
| Gufata ku ngufu | Mu ntangiriro zo gutera ibiti kugeza kuri cm 20, igiti cyose cya rape gishobora gusukwamo 90 ~ 125 mg / L y'umuti w'amazi, ushobora gutuma amababi aba icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, amababi akagira ubugari, ibimera bikagira ubugari bunini, imizi ikagira ubugari, amashami meza akagira ubugari, umubare w'ibishishwa ukagira ubugari urushaho kwiyongera, kandi bigatuma umusaruro wiyongera. |
| Ubunyobwa | Mu gihe cy’indabyo z’ibishyimbo by’ubunyobwa, gutera umuti w’amazi wa 60 ~ 120 mg / L ku buso bw’amababi bishobora kugenzura neza imikurire y’ibishyimbo by’ubunyobwa no kongera umusaruro w’indabyo. |
| Soya | Mu ntangiriro z'imitako ya soya, gutera umuti w'amazi wa 25 ~ 60 mg / L ku buso bw'amababi bishobora kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera, guteza imbere ubwiyongere bw'umurambararo w'igiti, guteza imbere ishishwa no kongera umusaruro. |
| Ibishyimbo bya Mung | Gutera umuti w'amazi wa 30 mg/L ku buso bw'amababi ya mung bean mu gihe cyo gushyiramo irangi bishobora kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera, guteza imbere imikorere y'amababi mu mubiri, kongera uburemere bw'ibinyampeke 100, uburemere bw'ibinyampeke kuri buri kimera ndetse n'umusaruro w'ibinyampeke. |
| Ipamba | Mu ntangiriro z'indabyo z'ipamba, gutera amababi umuti w'amazi wa 20-50 mg/L bishobora kugenzura neza uburebure bw'igihingwa cy'ipamba, kugabanya uburebure bw'igihingwa cy'ipamba, kongera umubare w'ibimera by'ipamba n'uburemere bw'ibimera by'ipamba, kongera cyane umusaruro w'igihingwa cy'ipamba, no kongera umusaruro ku kigero cya 22%. |
| Inkonkomere | Mu ntangiriro z’indabyo z’ibimera, igihingwa cyose cyaterwaga umuti w’amazi ungana na 20mg/L, ibyo bikaba byashoboraga kugabanya umubare w’ibice kuri buri gihingwa, byongera umuvuduko wo kwirema kw’ibimera, bikagabanya neza igipimo cya mbere cy’ibimera n’uburema bw’ibimera, kandi bikongera cyane umusaruro kuri buri gihingwa. |
| Ibijumba, ibirayi | Gukoresha umuti w'amazi wa 30-50 mg/L ku bijumba n'ibirayi bishobora kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera, bigatera imbere kwaguka kw'ibirayi biri munsi y'ubutaka no kongera umusaruro. |
| Ibirayi by'Abashinwa | Mu gihe cyo kurabya no kubyara, gutera ikirayi amazi angana na 40mg/L rimwe ku buso bw'ikibabi bishobora kubuza cyane uburebure bwa buri munsi bw'imiti yo hejuru y'ubutaka, ingaruka z'igihe ni nk'iminota 20, kandi bishobora gutuma umusaruro wiyongera. Iyo ingano ari nyinshi cyane cyangwa inshuro nyinshi cyane, umusaruro w'igice cyo munsi y'ubutaka cy'ikirayi uzagabanuka mu gihe uburebure bw'imiti yo hejuru y'ubutaka bugabanutse. |
| Radishi | Ubwo amababi atatu nyayo y’ururabo yaterwaga amazi angana na 600 mg/L, igipimo cya karuboni na azote mu mababi y’ururabo cyagabanutseho 80.2%, kandi igipimo cyo kumera no gushibuka kw’ibimera byaragabanutse neza (byagabanutseho 67.3% na 59.8%, uko bikurikirana). Gukoresha ururabo mu musaruro w’impeshyi mu gihe cy’izuba byashoboraga kubuza ururabo, bikongera igihe cyo gukura kw’imizi y’ibimera, kandi bikongera agaciro k’ubukungu. |
c. Kugenzura imikurire y'amashami no guteza imbere itandukaniro ry'indabyo
Mu gihe cy'izuba cy'imbuto z'imiti, umuti wa enlobuzole wa 100 ~ 120 mg / L washyirwaga ku kimera cyose, ibyo bikaba byashoboraga kubuza uburebure bw'imbuto z'imiti y'imiti kandi bigatera imbuto gutera.
Iyo itsinda rya mbere ry'indabyo z'abagabo za litchi flower spike ryafunguwe ku rugero ruto, gutera 60 mg/L ya enlobuzole byashoboraga gutinza imiterere y'indabyo, kongera igihe cyo kurabya indabyo, kongera cyane umubare w'indabyo z'abagabo, gufasha kongera ingano y'imbuto za mbere, kongera umusaruro cyane, gutuma imbuto zitakaza imbuto kandi bikongera umuvuduko wo gushya.
Nyuma yo gusarura igice cy’ibanze cy’igiti, 100 mg/L ya endosinazole hamwe na 500 mg/L ya Yiyedan yatewe kabiri mu gihe cy’iminsi 14, ibi byashoboraga kubuza imimero mishya gukura, kugabanya uburebure bw’imitwe ya jujube n’amashami ya kabiri, kongera ubwoko bw’ibimera bito kandi binini, kongera imbuto z’amashami ya kabiri no kongera ubushobozi bw’ibiti bya jujube mu guhangana n’ibiza.
d. Guteza imbere irangi
Amapera yateweho amazi angana na 50-200 mg/L ku isaha ya 60 na 30 mbere yo gusarura, ibyo bikaba byaragaragaje ingaruka zikomeye ku ibara, isukari ishobora gushonga, aside organic yagabanutse, ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’aside ascorbic na poroteyine. Agira ingaruka nziza ku ibara kandi ashobora kongera ubwiza bw’amapera.
Mu gihe cyo kwera kwa Nanguo pear, imiti ivura 100mg/L endobuzole +0.3% kalisiyumu kloride +0.1% potasiyumu sulfate ishobora kongera cyane ingano ya anthocyanin, igipimo cy'imbuto zitukura, isukari ishongesha mu gishishwa cy'imbuto, n'uburemere bw'imbuto imwe.
Ku munsi wa cumi n'uwa makumyabiri mbere y'uko imbuto zera, hakoreshejwe 50 ~ 100 mg / L ya endosinazole mu gutera ubwoko bubiri bw'imizabibu, "Jingya" na "Xiyanghong", ibi bikaba byashoboraga gutuma ingano ya anthocyanin yiyongera, isukari ishongesha, aside organic igabanuka, isukari igabanuka hamwe na aside ndetse na vitamine C yiyongera. Igira ingaruka zo gutuma imbuto z'imizabibu zigira ibara kandi ikongera ubwiza bw'imbuto.
e. Hindura ubwoko bw'ibimera kugira ngo birusheho kunoza imiterere
Gutera 40-50 mg/L ya endosinazole inshuro 3-4 cyangwa 350-450 mg/L ya endosinazole rimwe mu gihe cyo gukura kwa ryegrass, ndende fescue, bluegrass n'ibindi byatsi bishobora gutinza umuvuduko wo gukura kwa ryegrass, kugabanya inshuro zo gutema ibyatsi, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutema no kubungabunga. Muri icyo gihe, bishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'ibimera bwo kwihanganira amapfa, ibi bikaba ingenzi cyane mu kuhira ubwatsi mu buryo bworohereza amazi.
Mbere yo gutera Shandandan, imbuto zashyizwe mu mazi angana na 20 mg/L mu gihe cy'iminota 40, kandi iyo umushibu wari ufite uburebure bwa cm 5 ~ 6, amashami n'amababi byaterwaga amazi angana, bigaterwa umuti rimwe mu minsi 6 kugeza igihe imishibu itukura, ibyo bikaba byashoboraga gutuma ubwoko bw'igihingwa burushaho kumera neza, byongera umurambararo, bikagabanya uburebure bw'amababi, kongeramo amaranth ku mababi no kongera ibara ry'amababi, no kongera agaciro k'ubwiza.
Iyo uburebure bw'igihingwa cya tulip bwari cm 5, tulip yateweho 175 mg/L enlobuzole inshuro 4, mu gihe cy'iminsi 7, byashoboraga kugenzura neza uko tulip ikura mu gihe cy'ihinga n'igihe kitari icy'ihinga.
Mu gihe cyo gukura kw'indabyo, 20 mg/L yateweho umuti wa enlobuzole ku kimera cyose inshuro 5, mu gihe cy'iminsi 7, washoboraga gutuma ibimera birushaho kumera neza, kandi amababi yari yijimye kandi arabagirana.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikura ry'ibimera by'amalisi, gutera 40 mg/L ya endosinazole ku buso bw'amababi bishobora kugabanya uburebure bw'igihingwa no kugenzura ubwoko bw'igihingwa. Muri icyo gihe, bishobora no kongera ingano ya chlorophyll, kongera ibara ry'amababi, no kunoza imiterere y'imitako.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2024