Ni ikiimisemburo y'ibimerabigira uruhare runini mu gucunga amapfa? Ni gute imisemburo ya phytohormones ihura n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije? Inyandiko yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Trends in Plant Science yongera gusobanura no gushyira mu byiciro imikorere y’ibyiciro 10 by’imisemburo ya phytohormones byavumbuwe kugeza ubu mu bwami bw’ibimera. Izi molekyuli zigira uruhare runini mu bimera kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi nk’imiti yica ibyatsi, imiti itera imbaraga, ndetse no mu musaruro w’imbuto n’imboga.
Ubushakashatsi kandi bugaragaza ibyoimisemburo y'ibimerani ingenzi cyane mu guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije (ibura ry’amazi, imyuzure, nibindi) no kwemeza ko ibimera bikomeza kubaho mu bidukikije birushaho kuba bibi. Umwanditsi w’ubu bushakashatsi ni Sergi Munne-Bosch, umwarimu mu ishami ry’ibinyabuzima n’ikigo cy’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye (IRBio) muri Kaminuza ya Barcelona akaba n’umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ku birwanya ogisijeni mu ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi.
Munne-Bosch, umwarimu w’ibinyabuzima by’ihindagurika ry’ibinyabuzima, ibidukikije, n’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije, yagize ati: “Kuva Fritz W. Went yavumbura auxin nk’ikintu gitandukanya uturemangingo mu 1927, iterambere rya siyansi mu misemburo y’ibimera ryahinduye imiterere y’ibinyabuzima n’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi.”
Nubwo urwego rw’imisemburo ya phytohormones rugira uruhare runini, ubushakashatsi ku bushakashatsi muri uru rwego ntiburatera imbere cyane. Auxins, cytokinins, na gibberellins bigira uruhare runini mu mikurire n’iterambere ry’ibimera, kandi nk’uko abanditsi babivuga, urwego rw’imisemburo rufatwa nk’ibintu by’ingenzi bigenzura.
Ku rwego rwa kabiri,aside abscisique (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, na aside jasmonic bifasha mu kugenzura uburyo ibimera bihangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi ni ibintu by’ingenzi bigena uburyo ibimera bihangana n’impinduka mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere. “Ethylene na aside abscisic ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy’impinduka mu mazi. Aside abscisic ni yo ituma stomata (utwenge duto mu mababi tugenga ihererekanya ry’imyuka) n’izindi ngaruka ku ipfundo ry’amazi no kubura amazi. Ibimera bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukoresha amazi neza cyane, ahanini bitewe n’uruhare rwa aside abscisic,” nk’uko Munne-Bosch abivuga. Brassinosteroids, imisemburo ya peptide, na strigolactones bigize imisemburo yo ku rwego rwa gatatu, biha ibimera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo bitandukanye.
Byongeye kandi, hari molekile zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba phytohormones ntizuzuza ibisabwa byose kandi ziracyategereje kumenyekana burundu. “Melatonin na aside γ-aminobutyric (GABA) ni ingero ebyiri nziza. Melatonin yujuje ibisabwa byose, ariko kumenya receptor yayo biracyari mu ntangiriro (ubu, receptor ya PMTR1 yabonetse gusa muri Arabidopsis thaliana). Ariko, mu gihe cya vuba aha, umuryango w’abahanga mu bya siyansi ushobora kugera ku mwanzuro umwe bakemeza ko ari phytohormones.”
“Ku bijyanye na GABA, nta mashini zituma amaraso aboneka mu bimera. GABA igenzura inzira za iyoni, ariko biratangaje kuba atari urwego ruzwi rw’imitsi cyangwa imisemburo y’inyamaswa mu bimera,” nk’uko byatangajwe n’inzobere.
Mu gihe kizaza, bitewe n'uko amatsinda y'imisemburo ya phytohormones atari ingenzi cyane mu bya siyansi mu binyabuzima by'ibanze gusa ahubwo anafite akamaro gakomeye mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi n'ikoranabuhanga mu bimera, ni ngombwa kongera ubumenyi bwacu ku matsinda y'imisemburo ya phytohormones.
Sergi Munne-Bosch yagize ati: "Ni ngombwa kwiga hormones za phytohormones zitarasobanuka neza, nka strigolactones, brassinosteroids, na peptide hormones. Dukeneye ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku mikoranire y'imisemburo, aho usanga imiterere yayo idasobanutse neza, ndetse na molekile zitarashyirwa mu byiciro bya phytohormones, nka melatonin na aside gamma-aminobutyric (GABA)." Inkomoko: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-13-2025