Ishusho: Uburyo gakondo bwo kuvugurura ibimera bisaba gukoresha imiti igenga imikurire yimiti nka hormone, ishobora kuba ubwoko bwihariye kandi bukora cyane. Mu bushakashatsi bushya, abahanga bakoze uburyo bushya bwo kuvugurura ibimera bagenga imikorere n’imvugo ya gen zigira uruhare mu gutandukanya (gukwirakwiza selile) no gutandukanya (organogenezi) ya selile y’ibimera. Reba byinshi
Uburyo gakondo bwo kuvugurura ibimera busaba gukoreshaibimera bikurankaimisemburos, zishobora kuba ubwoko bwihariye kandi bukora cyane. Mu bushakashatsi bushya, abahanga bakoze uburyo bushya bwo kuvugurura ibimera bagenga imikorere n’imvugo ya gen zigira uruhare mu gutandukanya (gukwirakwiza selile) no gutandukanya (organogenezi) ya selile y’ibimera.
Ibimera byabaye isoko nyamukuru y'ibiryo ku nyamaswa n'abantu mu myaka myinshi. Byongeye kandi, ibimera bikoreshwa mugukuramo imiti itandukanye yimiti nubuvuzi. Nyamara, gukoresha nabi no gukenera ibiryo byerekana ko hakenewe uburyo bushya bwo korora ibihingwa. Iterambere mu binyabuzima ry’ibinyabuzima rishobora gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa mu gutanga ibimera byahinduwe (GM) bitanga umusaruro kandi bihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Mubisanzwe, ibimera birashobora kubyara ibimera bishya bivuye muri selile imwe "totipotent" (selile ishobora kubyara ubwoko butandukanye) mugutandukanya no gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo zifite imiterere nimirimo itandukanye. Gutunganya ibihingwa ngengabuzima ya totipotent binyuze mumico yumubiri wibimera bikoreshwa cyane mukurinda ibimera, korora, kubyara amoko ya transgenji no mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse. Ubusanzwe, umuco wa tissue kugirango uhindure ibimera bisaba gukoresha ibiyobora bikura (GGRs), nka auxins na cytokinine, kugirango bigabanye gutandukanya selile. Nyamara, imiterere ya hormone nziza irashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe nubwoko bwibimera, imiterere yumuco nubwoko bwimyenda. Kubwibyo, gukora ibintu byiza byubushakashatsi birashobora kuba igihe kinini kandi akazi gakomeye.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, Umwarimu wungirije Tomoko Ikawa, hamwe na Porofeseri wungirije Mai F. Minamikawa wo muri kaminuza ya Chiba, Porofeseri Hitoshi Sakakibara wo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’abanyeshuri barangije muri kaminuza ya Nagoya ry’ubumenyi bw’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi na Mikiko Kojima, umutekinisiye w’inzobere muri RIKEN CSRS, bakoze uburyo rusange bwo kugenzura ibimera binyuze mu mabwiriza. Kugaragaza ingirabuzimafatizo zigizwe na “DR” zigamije gutandukanya ibimera. Dr. Ikawa yasohowe mu gitabo cya 15 cy’imipaka mu bumenyi bw’ibimera ku ya 3 Mata 2024, atanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikorwa byabo by’ubushakashatsi, agira ati: “Sisitemu yacu ntabwo ikoresha PGR zo hanze, ahubwo ikoresha genes zo mu bwoko bwa transcription kugira ngo igenzure itandukanyirizo ry’ingirabuzimafatizo.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ectopique genes ebyiri za DR, BABY BOOM (BBM) na WUSCHEL (WUS), bakomoka muri Arabidopsis thaliana (ikoreshwa nk'igihingwa cy'icyitegererezo) maze basuzuma ingaruka zabyo ku gutandukanya umuco wa tissue itabi, salitusi na petunia. BBM ikubiyemo ibintu byandikirwa bigenga iterambere ryintangangore, mugihe WUS ikora inyandiko-mvugo ikomeza indangamuntu mu karere ka firime apical meristem.
Ubushakashatsi bwabo bwerekanye ko imvugo ya Arabidopsis BBM cyangwa WUS yonyine idahagije kugira ngo itandukanyirizo ry’uturemangingo mu mabi y’itabi. Ibinyuranye, kubana kwa BBM yazamuye imikorere kandi yahinduwe na WUS itera kwihuta gutandukanya phenotype. Hatabayeho gukoresha PCR, selile yamababi ya transgenji yatandukanijwe muri callus (misile selile selile), icyatsi kibisi kimeze nkimiterere nicyatsi kibisi. Isesengura ryinshi rya polymerase yerekana (qPCR), uburyo bwakoreshejwe mukugereranya inyandiko-mvugo ya gene, bwerekanye ko imvugo ya Arabidopsis BBM na WUS ifitanye isano no gushiraho Calli transgeneque na shoots.
Urebye uruhare rukomeye rwa phytohormone mu kugabana ingirabuzimafatizo no gutandukanya, abashakashatsi bagereranije urugero rwa phytohormone esheshatu, arizo auxin, cytokinin, aside abcisic (ABA), gibberellin (GA), aside jasmonic (JA), aside salicylique (SA) hamwe na metabolite mu bihingwa by’ibihingwa. Ibisubizo byabo byerekanaga ko urwego rwa auxin ikora, cytokinin, ABA, na GA idakora byiyongera uko selile zitandukana mu ngingo, bikagaragaza uruhare rwazo mu gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo na organogenezi.
Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi bifashishije inyandiko ya RNA ikurikirana, uburyo bwo gusesengura ubuziranenge no kugereranya imvugo ya gene, kugira ngo basuzume imiterere y’imiterere ya gene mu ngirabuzimafatizo zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye. Ibisubizo byabo byagaragaje ko ingirabuzimafatizo zijyanye no gukwirakwiza selile na auxin zikungahaye kuri gen zigengwa zitandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hakoreshejwe qPCR bwerekanye ko ingirabuzimafatizo ziyongereye cyangwa zigabanya imiterere ya genes enye, harimo na gen zigenga itandukanyirizo ry’ibimera, metabolisme, organogenezi, hamwe n’igisubizo cya auxin.
Muri rusange, ibisubizo birerekana uburyo bushya kandi butandukanye bwo kuvugurura ibimera bidasaba gukoreshwa hanze ya PCR. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ikoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi irashobora kunoza imyumvire yacu yuburyo bwibanze bwo gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo no kunoza uburyo bwo guhitamo ibinyabuzima by’ibinyabuzima bifite akamaro.
Mu kwerekana ko imirimo ye ishobora gukoreshwa, Dr. Ikawa yagize ati: "Sisitemu yatangajwe ishobora guteza imbere ubworozi bw’ibihingwa itanga igikoresho cyo gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo z’ibimera bitagikenewe na PCR. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mbere yuko ibihingwa byitwa transgenji byemerwa nkibicuruzwa, sosiyete izihutisha ubworozi bw’ibimera kandi igabanye ibiciro by’umusaruro bijyanye."
Ibyerekeye Umwarimu wungirije Tomoko Igawa Dr. Tomoko Ikawa ni umwungirije wungirije mu ishuri rya Graduate School of Horticulture, Centre y’ubumenyi bw’ibimera bya Molecular, n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bw’imbuto, kaminuza ya Chiba, mu Buyapani. Ibyifuzo bye mubushakashatsi birimo imyororokere yimibonano mpuzabitsina no kwiteza imbere hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku bimera. Igikorwa cye cyibanze ku gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwimikorere yimyororokere yimibonano mpuzabitsina no gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo hakoreshejwe sisitemu zitandukanye. Afite ibitabo byinshi muri iyi nzego kandi ni umunyamuryango w’Ubuyapani Sosiyete y’Ubuyapani y’ibimera bikomoka ku binyabuzima, Umuryango w’ibimera by’Ubuyapani, Umuryango w’Abayapani borora ibihingwa, Umuryango w’Abayapani w’Abashinzwe Physiologiste, n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wiga ibijyanye n’imyororokere y’ibitsina.
Itandukanyirizo ryigenga rya selile transgenic udakoresheje imisemburo yo hanze: kwerekana genes ya endogenous nimyitwarire ya phytohormone
Abanditsi batangaza ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu gihe nta mibanire y’ubucuruzi cyangwa iy'imari ishobora kumvikana nk'amakimbirane ashobora guterwa n'inyungu.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2024