Abashakashatsi babonye ibimenyetso bya mbere bigaragaza ko impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bw'udukoko two mu buriri | Amakuru y'ikoranabuhanga ya Virginia

Nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu myaka ya 1950, ubwandu bw'udukoko bwo mu buriri bwarahagaritswe hafi ku isi yose hakoreshejwe uburyo bwaimiti yica udukokodichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, izwi cyane nka DDT, ikinyabutabire cyamaze gucibwa. Ariko, udukoko two mu mijyi twongeye kugaragara hirya no hino ku isi, kandi twagize ubudahangarwa ku miti myinshi ikoreshwa mu kuyirwanya.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Journal of Medical Entomology busobanura neza uburyo itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri Virginia Tech, riyobowe n’umuhanga mu by’udukoko two mu mijyi Warren Booth, ryavumbuye impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo zishobora gutuma habaho ubudahangarwa ku miti yica udukoko.
Ubushakashatsi bwavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Booth bwagenewe umunyeshuri warangije kaminuza witwa Camilla Block kugira ngo anonosore ubuhanga bwe mu bushakashatsi ku ngirabuzimafatizo.
Booth, inzobere mu kurwanya udukoko two mu mijyi, yari amaze igihe kinini abona impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo tw’udukoko two mu Budage n’udusimba tw’umweru, bigatuma turwanya imiti yica udukoko. Booth yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko Block yafata icyitegererezo cy’udukoko two mu buriri kimwe muri buri bwoko bw’udukoko two mu buriri 134 twakusanyijwe n’ibigo birwanya udukoko byo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru hagati ya 2008 na 2022 kugira ngo barebe niba twose dufite impinduka imwe mu turemangingo. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko udukoko two mu buriri tubiri two mu bwoko bubiri butandukanye twagize impinduka imwe mu turemangingo.
“Mu by’ukuri izi ni zo ngero 24 za nyuma nahawe,” ibi byavuzwe na Bullock, wiga ibijyanye n’udukoko tw’inyenzi akaba n’umunyamuryango wa Invasive Species Partnership. “Sinigeze nkora ubushakashatsi ku ngirabuzimafatizo mbere, bityo kugira ubwo bumenyi bwose bwa ngirabuzimafatizo byari ingenzi kuri njye.”
Kubera ko indwara z’udukoko zo mu buriri ziterwa n’uko amoko y’utundi two mu bwoko bw’udukoko ahinduka kimwe bitewe n’uko amoko y’utundi two mu bwoko bw’udukoko ahinduka, icyitegererezo kimwe gusa muri buri gipimo gikunze kuba gihagarariye ubwoko bw’utundi. Ariko Booth yashakaga kwemeza ko Bullock ari we koko wabonye iyi mpinduka, bityo bapima ingero zose z’utundi two mu bwoko bwombi twamenyekanye.
Booth yagize ati: “Ubwo twasubiraga inyuma tugasuzuma abantu bake bo mu moko yombi, twasanze buri wese muri bo afite iyo hinduka. Bityo rero, impinduka zabo zirahamye, kandi ni zimwe na zimwe twabonye mu nyenzi zo mu Budage.”
Mu kwiga ku nyenzi zo mu Budage, Booth yamenye ko kurwanya imiti yica udukoko byaterwaga n’impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo z’imitsi kandi ko izi nzira zagenwe n’ibidukikije.
“Hari gene yitwa Rdl gene. Iyi gene yabonetse mu zindi nyoni nyinshi z’udukoko kandi ifitanye isano no kudakira umuti wica udukoko witwa dieldrin,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Booth, unakora mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’ubuzima cya Fralin. “Iyi gene iboneka mu nyenzi zose zo mu Budage. Biratangaje kubona tutarabona ubwoko budafite iyi gene.”
Booth yavuze ko Fipronil na dieldrin, imiti ibiri yica udukoko yagaragaye ko ikora neza mu kurwanya udukoko two mu buriri muri laboratwari, ikora ku buryo bumwe, bityo iyi mpinduka mu buryo bw’imitekerereze yatumye udukoko turwanya byombi. Dieldrin yarahagaritswe kuva mu myaka ya 1990, ariko fipronil ubu ikoreshwa gusa mu kurwanya inda ku njangwe n’imbwa, ntabwo ikoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko two mu buriri.
Booth akeka ko ba nyiri amatungo menshi bakoresha imiti ya fipronil yo mu bwoko bwa "topical fipronil" bemerera imbwa n'injangwe zabo kuryama hamwe na zo, ibyo ku buriri bwabo bigashyirwa mu bisigazwa bya fipronil. Iyo udukoko two mu buriri twinjizwa muri ubwo buryo, twashoboraga kwanduzwa fipronil mu buryo butunguranye, hanyuma iyo mihindagurikire igatoranywa mu bwoko bw'udukoko two mu buriri.
Booth yagize ati: “Ntituzi niba iyi mpinduka ari nshya, niba yaravutse nyuma y’ibi, niba yaravutse muri iki gihe, cyangwa niba yari imaze kugaragara mu bantu mu myaka 100 ishize.”
Intambwe ikurikiraho izaba ukwagura ishakisha no gushaka izi mpinduka mu bice bitandukanye by'isi, cyane cyane mu Burayi, no mu bihe bitandukanye mu nzu ndangamurage, kubera ko udukoko two mu buriri tumaze imyaka irenga miliyoni.
Mu Gushyingo 2024, laboratwari ya Booth yakoze isesengura ryakozwe neza ku nshuro ya mbere imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’udukoko dusanzwe.
Booth yavuze ko ikibazo kiri muri ADN y’inzu ndangamurage ari uko icikamo uduce duto vuba cyane, ariko ubu abashakashatsi bafite imbonerahamwe ku rwego rwa chromosome, bashobora gufata utwo duce bakaduhinduramo chromosomes, bongera kubaka gene na genome.
Booth yavuze ko laboratwari ye ikorana n'ibigo birwanya udukoko, bityo akazi kabo ko gukurikirana imiterere y'uturemangingo kashobora kubafasha gusobanukirwa neza aho udukoko two mu buriri tuboneka hirya no hino ku isi n'uburyo bwo kudufasha kutwikuramo.
Ubu Bullock amaze kunoza ubuhanga bwe mu bijyanye na molekile, ategereje gukomeza ubushakashatsi bwe ku iterambere ry’imijyi.
Block yagize ati: “Nkunda ubwihindurize bw’ibinyabuzima. Ndatekereza ko bishimishije cyane. Abantu barimo barushaho kugirana isano yimbitse n’ibi binyabuzima byo mu mijyi, kandi ndatekereza ko byoroshye gutuma abantu bashishikazwa n’udukoko two mu buriri kuko bashobora kubyumva ubwabo.”