Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu myaka ya za 1950, indwara y’igituba yaranduwe burundu ku isi hose hakoreshejweumuti wica udukokodichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, izwi cyane nka DDT, imiti imaze guhagarikwa. Icyakora, ibyonnyi byo mu mijyi bimaze kugaragara ku isi hose, kandi byateje imbere kurwanya udukoko twica udukoko twifashishwa mu kubirwanya.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi Entomology burambuye uburyo itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryaturutse muri Virginia Tech, riyobowe n’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’imijyi Warren Booth, ryavumbuye ihinduka ry’imiterere y’imiterere ishobora gutera kurwanya udukoko.
Ubuvumbuzi bwavuye mubushakashatsi Booth yateguye kubanyeshuri barangije Camilla Block kugirango bongere ubumenyi bwe mubushakashatsi bwa molekile.
Booth, inzobere mu byonnyi byo mu mijyi, yari amaze igihe kinini abona ihinduka ry’imiterere y’imiterere y’imitsi y’imitsi y’udusimba n’udusimba twera bigatuma badashobora kurwanya imiti yica udukoko. Booth yasabye ko Block yafata icyitegererezo cy’igitanda kimwe kuri 134 bitandukanye by’ibitanda byakusanyirijwe hamwe n’amasosiyete yo kurwanya udukoko two muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru hagati ya 2008 na 2022 kugira ngo barebe niba bose bafite ihinduka ry’imiterere imwe. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko udusimba tubiri two mubantu babiri batandukanye bafite mutation imwe.
Bullock wiga ibijyanye na entomologiya akaba n'umwe mu bagize Ubufatanye bwa Invasive Species yagize ati: "Izi ni zo ngero zanjye 24 zanyuma." “Sinari narigeze nkora ubushakashatsi kuri molekile, bityo kugira ubwo buhanga bwose bwa molekile byari ingenzi kuri njye.”
Kubera ko kwanduza ibibyimba bihuje ubwoko kubera ubwinshi bwororoka, icyitegererezo kimwe gusa muri buri cyitegererezo ni cyo gihagarariye abaturage. Ariko Booth yashakaga kwemeza ko Bullock yabonye ihinduka ry’imiterere, bityo bagerageza ingero zose z’abaturage bombi bamenyekanye.
Booth yagize ati: "Igihe twasubiraga inyuma tugasuzuma abantu bake bo mu baturage bombi, twasanze buri wese muri bo yatwaye mutation." Ati: “Ihinduka ryabo rero rirakosowe, kandi ni ihinduka nk'iryo twasanze mu gikoko cyo mu Budage.”
Mu kwiga isake yo mu Budage, Booth yamenye ko kurwanya imiti yica udukoko byatewe n’imihindagurikire y’imiterere y’imiterere y’imitsi y’imitsi kandi ko ubwo buryo bwagenwe ku bidukikije.
Booth ukora kandi mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’ubuzima cya Fralin yagize ati: "Hariho gene yitwa Rdl. Iyi gen yabonetse mu yandi moko menshi y’udukoko kandi ifitanye isano no kurwanya umuti wica udukoko witwa dieldrin". Ati: “Ihinduka ry’imiterere iri mu nkoko zose z’Abadage. Biratangaje kubona tutarabona abaturage badafite iyi ihinduka.”
Booth yavuze ko Fipronil na dieldrin, udukoko twica udukoko twagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro mu kurwanya udukoko two ku buriri muri laboratoire, dukora ku buryo bumwe bwo gukora, bityo ihinduka ry’imiterere rikaba ryaratumye udukoko twangiza udukoko twombi. Dieldrin yabujijwe kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ariko fipronil ubu ikoreshwa gusa mu kugenzura ibihuru ku njangwe n'imbwa, ntabwo ikoreshwa mu buriri.
Booth ikeka ko ba nyiri amatungo benshi bakoresha imiti ya fipronil yemerera injangwe nimbwa zabo kuryamana nabo, bikerekana uburiri bwabo ibisigazwa bya fipronil. Niba udusimba twigitanda twinjijwe mubidukikije, birashobora guhura na fipronil tutabishaka, hanyuma ihinduka rishobora gutoranywa mubantu baryamye.
Booth yagize ati: "Ntabwo tuzi niba iyi mutation ari shyashya, niba yaravutse nyuma yibi, niba yaravutse muri iki gihe, cyangwa niba yari isanzwe ihari mu baturage mu myaka 100 ishize."
Intambwe ikurikiraho izaba iyo kwagura gushakisha no gushakisha ihinduka ry’imihindagurikire mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, cyane cyane mu Burayi, ndetse no mu bihe bitandukanye mu ngero ndangamurage, kubera ko uburiri bumaze imyaka irenga miliyoni.
Ugushyingo 2024, laboratoire ya Booth yakurikiranye neza genome yose yuburiri busanzwe bwa mbere.
Booth yavuze ko ikibazo cya ADN ndangamurage ari uko igabanyamo uduce duto vuba cyane, ariko ubu abashakashatsi bafite inyandikorugero ku rwego rwa chromosome, barashobora gufata ibyo bice bakongera bakabishyira muri chromosome, bakubaka genes na genome.
Booth yavuze ko laboratoire ye ifatanya n’amasosiyete arwanya udukoko, bityo imirimo yabo ikurikirana ikabafasha gusobanukirwa neza n’aho ibibyimba byo ku buriri biboneka ku isi n’uburyo byabafasha kubikuraho.
Noneho ko Bullock yongereye ubumenyi bwa molekuline, ategereje gukomeza ubushakashatsi bwe ku bwihindurize.
Block yagize ati: "Nkunda ubwihindurize. Ndatekereza ko bishimishije rwose." Ati: "Abantu barimo gutera imbere cyane muri ubu bwoko bwo mu mijyi, kandi ndatekereza ko byoroshye gutuma abantu bashishikazwa n'udukoko two kuryama kuko bashobora kubyibonera ubwabo."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2025