Aedes aegypti ni yo itera indwara nyinshi za arbovirus (nka dengue, chikungunya, na Zika) zitera indwara nyinshi mu turere dushyuha n’utwo mu turere dushyuha. Imicungire y’izi ndwara ishingira ku kugenzura inyamaswa zitera indwara, akenshi mu buryo bwo gutera imiti yica udukoko ku mibu y’ingore ikuze. Ariko, uburyo bwo gutera imiti mu gace runaka n’inshuro ikoreshwa kugira ngo ikore neza ntabwo birasobanuka neza. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, turasobanura ingaruka zo gutera imiti yica udukoko mu nzu hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko ya ULV ku mibu yo mu ngo ya Aedes aegypti.
Ibisubizo byacu bigaragaza ko kugabanuka kw'icyorezo cya Aedes aegypti mu ngo ahanini biterwa no gutera imiti mu rugo rumwe, nta ngaruka ziyongereyeho zo gutera imiti mu ngo zituranye. Ingufu zo gutera imiti zigomba gupimwa hakurikijwe igihe kuva gutera imiti guheruka, kuko nta ngaruka twabonye ku gutera imiti gukurikiranye. Dukurikije icyitegererezo cyacu, twemeza ko ingufu zo gutera imiti zigabanukaho 50% hafi iminsi 28 nyuma yo gutera imiti.
Kugabanuka k'ubwinshi bw'imiti ya Aedes aegypti mu rugo byagenwe ahanini n'umubare w'iminsi imaze kuva aho imiti yaherukaga gutera muri urwo rugo, bigaragaza akamaro ko gutera imiti mu turere twibasiwe cyane, aho gutera imiti inshuro nyinshi biterwa n'uburyo virusi yandura mu gace runaka.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twifashishije amakuru yavuye mu bushakashatsi bubiri bunini bwo mu murima bwo gutera imiti itera indwara ya pyrethroid mu nzu mu mujyi wa Iquitos, mu karere ka Amazone yo muri Peru kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka zo gutera imiti itera indwara ya pyrethroid mu bwinshi ku bwoko bwa aedes aegypti buri bwoko bw’imibu mu rugo, ikarenga imbibi z’urugo rumwe. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwagaragaje ingaruka zo gutera imiti itera indwara ya pyrethroid mu bwinshi hashingiwe ku kuba ingo zari imbere cyangwa hanze y’agace kanini k’ubuvuzi. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, tugamije gutandukanya ingaruka zo kuvura ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ingo ku giti cyazo kugira ngo twumve uruhare rw’ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo ugereranije n’ubuvuzi bwo mu ngo zituranye. Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, twasuzumye ingaruka zo gutera imiti itera indwara ugereranije n’izakozwe vuba aha ku kugabanya imiti itera indwara ya Aedes aegypti mu mazu y’inkoko kugira ngo twumve inshuro zikenewe zo gutera imiti no gusuzuma igabanuka ry’ubushobozi bwo gutera imiti uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iri sesengura rishobora gufasha mu guteza imbere ingamba zo kurwanya inyamaswa no gutanga amakuru yo gupima uburyo bwo gutanga imiti kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka zayo.
Umusaruro w'inyungu usobanurwa nk'umubare wose wa Aedes aegypti y'abantu bakuru yakusanyijwe kuri buri rugo i na time t, ishushanyije mu buryo bwa Bayesian bwo mu byiciro byinshi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa binomial bugaragaza ko habayeho gukwirakwira cyane, cyane cyane ko umubare munini wa Aedes aegypti y'abantu bakuru wakusanyijwe. Bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'aho inyigo zombi ziherereye n'igerageza, moderi zose zashyizweho mu buryo bwa S-2013 na L-2014, uko bikurikirana. Moderi zashyizweho hakurikijwe ifishi rusange:
a ihagarariye kimwe mu bintu bipima ingaruka zo gutera umuti ku rugo i mu gihe t, nk'uko byasobanuwe hano hasi.
b ihagarariye kimwe mu bintu bipima ingaruka zo gutera umuti ku baturanyi bo mu rugo i mu gihe cya t, nk'uko bivugwa hano hepfo.
Twagerageje imibare yoroheje ya b tubara igipimo cy'ingo ziri mu ruziga ku ntera runaka uvuye ku rugo rwa i rwatewe imiti mu cyumweru cyabanjirije t.
aho h ari umubare w'ingo ziri mu mpande r, naho r ikaba intera iri hagati y'impande n'urugo i. Intera iri hagati y'impande itangwa hashingiwe ku bintu bikurikira:
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bujyanye n'igihe bukoreshwa mu gusukura imiti mu rugo. Umurongo utukura munini ugaragaza uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiti bujyanye n'igihe, aho umurongo munini ugaragaza uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiti bujyanye n'igihe, naho indi mirongo minini ihagarariye uburyo WAIC idatandukanye cyane na WAIC y'uburyo bujyanye n'igihe. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiti bukoreshwa mu kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mu gusukura imiti bukoreshwa mu kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mu gusukura imiti bukoreshwa mu kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mu gusukura imiti bukoreshwa mu kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mu gusukura imiti. Imikorere ya BA ikoreshwa ku mubare w'iminsi kuva igihe cyo gusukura imiti bwaherukaga gukoreshwa mu gusukura imiti iri mu byiciro bitanu bya mbere bihuye n'igihe hashingiwe ku rugero rwa WAIC mu bushakashatsi bubiri.
Icyitegererezo cyagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo gutera imiti bwagabanutseho 50% nyuma y'iminsi 28 nyuma yo gutera imiti, mu gihe umubare w'abantu bo muri Aedes aegypti wari hafi kuzura neza nyuma y'iminsi 50-60 nyuma yo gutera imiti.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, turasobanura ingaruka zo gutera pyrethrin mu nzu ku bwinshi ku bwinshi bw’imiti ya Aedes aegypti mu nzu ugereranyije n’ingaruka zo gutera pyrethrin ziba mu gihe runaka no hafi y’urugo. Gusobanukirwa neza igihe n’ingano y’ingaruka zo gutera pyrethrin ku bwinshi bw’imiti ya Aedes aegypti bizafasha kumenya intego nziza zo gutera pyrethrin mu nzu n’inshuro zo gutera pyrethrin bikenewe mu gihe cyo kurwanya imiti, kandi bizatanga ishingiro ryo kugereranya ingamba zitandukanye zishobora gufatwa zo kurwanya imiti. Ibisubizo byacu bigaragaza ko kugabanuka kw’umubare w’imiti ya Aedes aegypti mu ngo biterwa no gutera pyrethrin mu rugo rumwe, nta ngaruka ziyongereye ku gutera pyrethrin ku ngo zo mu duce duturanye. Ingaruka zo gutera pyrethrin mu nzu biterwa ahanini n’igihe kuva gutera pyrethrin guheruka gukorwa kandi bikagabanuka buhoro buhoro mu minsi 60. Nta kugabanuka kw’umubare w’imiti ya Aedes aegypti kwagaragaye bitewe n’ingaruka nyinshi zo gutera pyrethrin mu ngo. Muri rusange, umubare w’imiti ya Aedes aegypti waragabanutse. Umubare w'imibu ya Aedes aegypti mu rugo uterwa ahanini n'igihe cyashize kuva aho iheruka gutera umuti muri urwo rugo.
Imbogamizi ikomeye y’ubushakashatsi bwacu ni uko tutagenzuye imyaka y’imibu ya Aedes aegypti ikuze yakusanyijwe. Isesengura ryakozwe mbere ry’ubu bushakashatsi [14] ryagaragaje ko ingano y’imyaka y’ingore ikuze yakundaga kuba iri munsi y’imyaka (ubwiyongere bw’ingore zitagira uruhu) mu gace ka L-2014 gatera imiti ugereranije n’agace ka buffer. Bityo, nubwo tutabonye uruhare rw’inyongera ku bikorwa byo gutera imiti mu ngo zikikije ubwinshi bwa Aedes aegypti mu rugo runaka, ntidushobora kwemeza ko nta ngaruka zo mu karere zibaho ku miterere y’abaturage ba Aedes aegypti mu turere aho gutera imiti akenshi bibaho.
Izindi mbogamizi z’ubushakashatsi bwacu zirimo kudashobora gusobanura impamvu Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yateye imiti iterwa mu buryo bwihutirwa, byabayeho amezi agera kuri 2 mbere y’uko L-2014 iterwa mu buryo bw’igerageza, bitewe n’uko nta makuru arambuye yari ahari ku hantu n’igihe byakoreshejwe. Isesengura ryabanje ryagaragaje ko iyi miti yagize ingaruka nk’izo mu gace kose k’ubushakashatsi, ikora urwego rw’ibanze rw’ubucucike bwa Aedes aegypti; mu by’ukuri, igihe imiti iterwa mu buryo bw’igerageza yatangiraga, umubare w’abantu ba Aedes aegypti wari watangiye kugaruka. Byongeye kandi, itandukaniro ry’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi hagati y’ibihe bibiri by’igerageza rishobora guterwa n’itandukaniro mu miterere y’ubushakashatsi n’uburyo butandukanye Aedes aegypti ishobora kwanduzwa na cypermethrin, aho S-2013 ari yo ishobora kwanduzwa kurusha L-2014.
Amaherezo, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwacu bigaragaza ko ingaruka zo gutera imiti mu nzu zagarukiraga ku ngo aho gutera imiti byabereye gusa, kandi ko gutera imiti mu ngo zituranye bitagabanyije umubare w’imiti ya Aedes aegypti. Imibu ikuze ya Aedes aegypti ishobora kuguma hafi cyangwa mu mazu, ihurira muri metero 10 kandi igakora intera mpuzandengo ya metero 106. Bityo, gutera imiti mu gace gakikije inzu bishobora kutagira ingaruka nini ku mubare w’imiti ya Aedes aegypti muri iyo nzu. Ibi bishyigikira ibyavumbuwe mbere ko gutera imiti hanze cyangwa hafi y’inzu nta ngaruka bigira. Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru, hashobora kubaho ingaruka ku miterere y’umubare w’imiti ya Aedes aegypti mu karere, kandi icyitegererezo cyacu nticyagenewe kugaragaza izo ngaruka.
Ibyo twakoze byose hamwe bigaragaza akamaro ko kugera kuri buri rugo rufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura mu gihe cy'icyorezo, kuko ingo zitaherutse guterwa imiti zidashobora kwishingikiriza ku bikorwa byegereye cyangwa ndetse n'ibikorwa byinshi byakozwe mbere kugira ngo bigabanye umubare w'imibu iriho ubu. Kubera ko hari amazu amwe n'amwe atagerwaho, ibikorwa byo gutera imiti bya mbere byahoraga bituma habaho uburyo bwo kuyitera igice. Gusura ingo zitaboneka kenshi bishobora kongera uburyo bwo kuyitera, ariko inyungu zigabanuka uko buri cyiciro cy'ibikorwa bigerageza kandi ikiguzi kuri buri rugo kiriyongera. Bityo, gahunda zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'imiti zigomba kunozwa hibandwa ku bice aho ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya dengue biri hejuru. Kwandura indwara ya dengue biratandukanye mu gihe no mu mwanya, kandi isuzuma ry'uturere dufite ibyago byinshi, harimo n'imiterere y'abaturage, ibidukikije n'imibereho, rigomba kuyobora ibikorwa byo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'imiti. Izindi ngamba zigamije, nko guhuza gutera imiti mu nzu no gukurikirana uko ikwirakwira ry'imiti rihagaze, byagize akamaro mu bihe byashize kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Imiterere y'imibare ishobora kandi gufasha guhitamo ingamba nziza zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'imiti kugira ngo igabanye kwandura muri buri gace hatabayeho igerageza rihenze kandi rigoye mu mirima. Ibisubizo byacu bitanga uburyo burambuye bwo gusuzuma ingaruka zo gutera imiti mu nzu mu buryo buciriritse n'igihe, bishobora gutanga umusaruro ku bikorwa byo gukora inyigo mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 13-2025