Kubuzwa vuba aha mu Burayi ni ikimenyetso cy'impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko no kugabanuka k'umubare w'inzuki. Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyagaragaje imiti yica udukoko irenga 70 ihumanya cyane inzuki. Dore ibyiciro by'ingenzi by'imiti yica udukoko bifitanye isano n'impfu z'inzuki no kugabanuka kw'ibikomoka ku ivumbi.
Neonicotinoids Neonicotinoids (neonicoids) ni ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko, uburyo rusange bwo gukora kwayo bwibasira uturemangingo tw'imitsi yo hagati y'udukoko, bigatera ubumuga n'urupfu. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibisigazwa bya neonicotinoids bishobora kwirundanya mu ifu y'inkoko n'umutobe w'ibimera byavuwe, bigatera ibyago ku bitera ifu y'inkoko. Kubera ibi no gukoreshwa cyane, hari impungenge zikomeye z'uko neonicotinoids igira uruhare runini mu kugabanuka kw'ibitera ifu y'inkoko.
Imiti yica udukoko ya Neonicotinoid nayo irakomeza mu bidukikije, kandi iyo ikoreshejwe mu kuvura imbuto, yimurirwa mu bisigazwa by’ibimera byavuwe. Imbuto imwe irahagije kugira ngo yica inyoni iririmba. Iyi miti ishobora no kwanduza inzira z’amazi kandi ikaba uburozi bukomeye ku binyabuzima byo mu mazi. Urugero rw’imiti yica udukoko ya Neonicotinoid rugaragaza ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi biriho mu buryo bwo kwandikisha imiti yica udukoko n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka: kwishingikiriza ku bushakashatsi bwa siyansi buterwa inkunga n’inganda bunyuranyije n’ubushakashatsi bwasuzumwe n’urungano, hamwe n’uburyo budahagije bwo gusuzuma ingaruka zihari ubu kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka mbi z’imiti yica udukoko.
Sulfoxaflor yemewe bwa mbere mu 2013 kandi yateje impaka nyinshi. Suloxaflor ni ubwoko bushya bw'umuti wica udukoko wa sulfenimide ufite imiterere isa n'imiti yica udukoko ya neonicotinoid. Nyuma y'umwanzuro w'urukiko, Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) cyongeye kwandika sulfenamide mu 2016, bigabanya ikoreshwa ryayo kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwandura inzuki. Ariko nubwo ibi bigabanya aho zikoreshwa kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo gukoreshwa, uburozi bwa sulfoxaflor butuma izi ngamba zitazakuraho bihagije ikoreshwa ry'uyu muti. Pyrethroids nabyo byagaragaye ko bibangamira imyitwarire yo kwiga no gushaka inzuki. Pyrethroids akenshi zifitanye isano n'urupfu rw'inzuki kandi byagaragaye ko zigabanya cyane uburumbuke bw'inzuki, zigabanya umuvuduko inzuki zikuramo, kandi zikongera igihe cyo kutabyara. Pyrethroids ziboneka cyane mu ifu. Pyrethroids zikunze gukoreshwa zirimo bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, phenethrin, na permethrin. Ikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya udukoko two mu nzu no mu busitani, Fipronil ni umuti wica udukoko uhumanya cyane udukoko. Ni umuti uhumanya ikirere kandi wagiye uterwa n'ibibazo by'imisemburo, kanseri ya tiroyide, uburozi bw'ubwonko, n'ingaruka z'imyororokere. Byagaragaye ko Fipronil igabanya imikorere y'imyitwarire n'ubushobozi bwo kwiga mu nzuki. Organophosphates. Organophosphates nka malathion na spikenard zikoreshwa muri gahunda zo kurwanya imibu kandi zishobora gushyira inzuki mu kaga. Zombi ni uburozi bukomeye ku nzuki no ku zindi ngirabuzima fatizo zitari zigamije kwibasirwa, kandi byagaragaye ko impfu z'inzuki zapfuye hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya uburozi bwinshi. Inzuki zihura n'iyi miti mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu bisigazwa byasigaye ku bimera no ku bindi bice nyuma yo gutera imibu. Byagaragaye ko impongo, ishaza n'ubuki birimo ibisigazwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 12 Nzeri 2023