(Uretse imiti yica udukoko, 8 Nyakanga 2024) Nyamuneka ohereza ibitekerezo bitarenze kuwa gatatu, tariki ya 31 Nyakanga 2024. Acephate ni umuti wica udukoko uri mu muryango wa organophosphate (OP) ufite uburozi bwinshi kandi ni uburozi ku buryo Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyatanze igitekerezo cyo kubibuza uretse ko ibiti bishyirwa mu buryo bw’umubiri. Igihe cyo gutanga ibitekerezo kirafunguye, kandi EPA izemera ibitekerezo kugeza kuwa gatatu, tariki ya 31 Nyakanga, nyuma yo kongerwaho igihe ntarengwa cyo gukoresha muri Nyakanga. Muri iki kibazo gisigaye cyo gukoresha, EPA ntabwo izi ko imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’umubiri.imiti yica udukokobishobora kwangiza ibidukikije bikomeye mu buryo bukabije mu kuroga ibinyabuzima.
>> Tanga ibitekerezo kuri acephate hanyuma ubwire EPA ko imiti yica udukoko idakwiye gukoreshwa niba ibihingwa bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere.
EPA irateganya guhagarika ikoreshwa ryose rya acephate, uretse gutera ibiti, kugira ngo ikurweho ingaruka zose yasanze zirenze urugero rw'impungenge zayo ku biryo/amazi yo kunywa, ingaruka zo mu ngo no ku kazi, ndetse n'ingaruka zitari iz'ibinyabuzima. Beyond Pesticides yavuze ko nubwo uburyo bwo gutera ibiti budateza ingaruka nyinshi ku mirire cyangwa ku buzima rusange, cyangwa ngo buteze ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu nyuma yo gukoreshwa, ikigo cyirengagiza ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Ikigo ntigisuzuma ingaruka ku bidukikije zo gukoresha inshinge z'ibiti, ahubwo gitekereza ko ubu buryo budateza ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije bitari iz'inyamaswa. Mu buryo bunyuranye, gukoresha inshinge z'ibiti bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'inyoni budashobora kugabanywa bityo bukaba bukwiye gushyirwa mu gukuraho acephate.
Iyo bateye ibiti, imiti yica udukoko ishyirwa mu giti, igahita yinjizwa vuba kandi igakwirakwira mu mitsi yose. Kubera ko acephate n'umusaruro wayo wangiritse, methamidophos ari imiti yica udukoko ishobora gushonga cyane, iyi miti igera ku bice byose by'igiti, harimo impongo, amazi, resin, amababi n'ibindi. Inzuki n'inyoni zimwe na zimwe nka hummingbirds, woodpeckers, sapsuckers, vines, nuthatches, chickadees, n'izindi zishobora guhura n'imyanda iva ku biti byatewemo acephate. Inzuki ntihura n'imyanda gusa iyo zikusanya impongo zanduye, ahubwo no iyo zikusanya amazi n'imisokoro bikoreshwa mu gukora propolis y'ingenzi y'umutiba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inyoni zishobora guhura n'ibisigazwa bya acephate/metamidophos byangiza iyo ziriye amazi y'ibiti yanduye, udukoko/udukoko dutobora ibiti, n'udukoko/udukoko duto duto duto.
Nubwo amakuru ari make, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika cyasanze ikoreshwa rya acephate rishobora guteza akaga ku nzuki. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bw’imisemburo ku ndwara ya acephate cyangwa methamidophos ntiburatangazwa, bityo nta makuru agaragara ku burozi bukabije bwo mu kanwa, budakira bw’abantu bakuru, cyangwa uburozi bw’ibibuno ku nzuki z’ubuki; Aya makuru agaragaza ko hari ibintu bidasobanutse neza mu gusuzuma ingaruka za acephate ku ndwara ya acephate, kuko ishobora gutandukana bitewe n’igihe imaze ibayeho n’igihe yahuye nacyo (abantu bakuru ugereranyije n’ibibuno n’ibibuno bikabije ugereranyije n’ibidakira, uko bikurikirana). Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba ziterwa n’ingaruka zishobora kubaho, harimo n’impfu z’inzuki, zagiye zifitanye isano n’ingaruka z’inzuki ku ndwara ya acephate na/cyangwa methamidophos. Ni ibintu byumvikana gutekereza ko gutera acephate mu biti bitagabanya ibyago ku nzuki ugereranije n’uburyo bwo kuvura ibibabi, ariko mu by’ukuri bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura bitewe n’uko ingano nini yatewe mu giti, bityo bikarushaho kongera ibyago byo kwandura. Ikigo cyatanze itangazo ry’ibyago by’itera ry’ibimera ku birebana no gutera ibiti, ryagiraga riti: “Iki gicuruzwa ni uburozi bukomeye ku nzuki. Iri tangazo ntirihagije na gato ku buryo ririnda inzuki n’ibindi binyabuzima cyangwa ngo rigaragaze uburemere bw’ibyago.”
Ingaruka zo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutera acetate n'ibiti ntizirasuzumwa neza ku binyabuzima biri mu kaga. Mbere yo kurangiza isuzuma ry’iyandikwa rya acephate, EPA igomba kurangiza isuzuma ry’ibimera biri ku rutonde n’inama zose zikenewe na Ikigo gishinzwe amafi n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi cya Amerika hamwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe uburobyi bwo mu mazi, cyane cyane inyoni n’udukoko biri ku rutonde, kandi ubwo bwoko bw’inyoni n’udukoko, bukoresha ibiti byinjijwe mu gushaka, gushaka no kubaka ibyari byabyo.
Mu 2015, ikigo cyarangije gusuzuma neza enzymes zitera endocrine disruptor, maze gisanga nta makuru y'inyongera akenewe kugira ngo hasuzumwe ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku nzira za estrogen, androgen, cyangwa thyroid ku bantu cyangwa ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Ariko, amakuru aherutse gutangazwa agaragaza ko enzymes zitera endocrine disruption ability ya ACEPHATE ndetse no kwangirika kwayo kwa methamidophos binyuze mu nzira zitari iza receptor bishobora gutera impungenge, bityo EPA ikwiye kuvugurura isuzuma ryayo ku ngaruka za ACEPHATE zitera endocrine disruption.
Byongeye kandi, mu isuzuma ryacyo ry’imikorere, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyanzuye ko inyungu zo gutera acetate mu kurwanya udukoko two mu biti muri rusange ari nto kuko hari ubundi buryo buke bufatika bwo gutera udukoko twinshi. Bityo, ibyago byinshi ku nzuki n’inyoni bifitanye isano no kuvura ibiti hakoreshejwe acephate ntabwo bifite ishingiro ukurikije ingaruka n’inyungu.
> Andika igitekerezo kuri acephate hanyuma ubwire EPA ko niba ibihingwa bishobora guhingwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere, imiti yica udukoko ntigomba gukoreshwa.
Nubwo hashyizwe imbere isuzuma ry’imiti yica udukoko ya organophosphate, EPA yananiwe gufata ingamba zo kurinda abashobora kwibasirwa n’ingaruka zayo z’uburozi bw’imitsi—abahinzi n’abana. Mu 2021, Earthjustice n’indi miryango yasabye Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije gukuraho iyi miti yica udukoko itera uburozi bw’imitsi. Muri iki gihembwe cy’impeshyi, Consumer Reports (CR) yakoze ubushakashatsi burambuye ku miti yica udukoko mu musaruro, basanga guhura n’amatsinda abiri y’ingenzi y’ibinyabutabire—organophosphates na carbamate—ari byo biteje akaga cyane, kandi binafitanye isano n’ubwiyongere bw’ibyago byo kurwara kanseri, diyabete n’indwara z’umutima. Hashingiwe kuri ibi byavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi, CR yasabye Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije “kubuza ikoreshwa ry’iyi miti ku mbuto n’imboga.”
Uretse ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, EPA ntiyigeze ikemura ikibazo cy’imisemburo y’amaraso. EPA ntiyita ku baturage bafite intege nke, guhura n’ibivange, n’imikoranire myiza mu gushyiraho ingano y’ibisigazwa by’ibiribwa. Byongeye kandi, imiti yica udukoko ihumanya amazi n’umwuka wacu, yangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, yangiza abakozi bo mu mirima, kandi yica inzuki, inyoni, amafi n’izindi nyamaswa zo mu gasozi.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibiryo by’umwimerere byemejwe na USDA bidakoresha imiti yica udukoko mu ikorwa ryabyo. Ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko biboneka mu bihingwa by’umwimerere, usibye bike, ni ingaruka z’umwanda w’ubuhinzi ukoresha imiti yica udukoko, wandujwe n’amazi, cyangwa ibisigazwa by’ubutaka inyuma y’ubutaka. Umusaruro w’ibiribwa by’umwimerere si mwiza gusa ku buzima bw’abantu no ku bidukikije kuruta umusaruro ukoresha imiti myinshi, siyansi igezweho irimo no kugaragaza icyo abashyigikiye ibiribwa by’umwimerere bamaze igihe bavuga: ibiryo by’umwimerere ni byiza, usibye kuba bidafite ibisigazwa by’uburozi biva mu biribwa bisanzwe. Ni intungamubiri kandi ntabwo bihumanya abantu cyangwa ngo bihumanya imiterere y’abaturage aho ibiryo bihingwa.
Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara na The Organic Center bwerekana ko ibiryo by’umwimerere bifite amanota menshi mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’ingenzi, nko mu bushobozi bwose bwa antioxidant, polyphenols zose, na flavonoids ebyiri z’ingenzi, quercetin na kaempferol, byose bifite akamaro mu mirire. Ikinyamakuru Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry cyasuzumye by’umwihariko ingano ya phenolic ya blueberries, strawberries, n’ibigori, maze gisanga ibiryo byatewe mu buryo bw’umwimerere birimo ingano nyinshi ya phenolic. Ibigize phenolic ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’ibimera (kurindwa udukoko n’indwara) no ku buzima bw’abantu kuko bifite "imikorere ikomeye ya antioxidant n’imiterere myinshi y’imiti, harimo kurwanya kanseri, antioxidant, no gukumira guteranya platelets."
Bitewe n'inyungu zo gukora umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku bimera, EPA igomba gukoresha umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku bimera nk'igipimo ngenderwaho mu gupima ingaruka n'inyungu z'imiti yica udukoko. Niba ibihingwa bishobora guhingwa mu buryo bw’umwimerere, imiti yica udukoko ntigomba gukoreshwa.
>> Andika igitekerezo kuri acephate hanyuma ubwire EPA ko niba icyo gihingwa gishobora guhingwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere, imiti yica udukoko ntigomba gukoreshwa.
Iyi nyandiko yashyizwe ahagaragara ku wa mbere tariki ya 8 Nyakanga 2024 saa 12:01 z'umugoroba, ikaba iri mu gice cya Acephate, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA), Take Action, Uncategorized. Ushobora gukurikirana ibisubizo kuri iyi nyandiko unyuze kuri RSS 2.0 feed. Ushobora gusimbuka ukagera ku musozo ugasiga igisubizo. Ping ntiyemerewe muri iki gihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Nyakanga-2024