Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ethephon ku Biti by'Imbuto Bitandukanye

EthephonIgira ingaruka nyinshi ku miterere y'ibihingwa, nko kubuza gukura, gutera indabo no kurabya indabyo, kugenzura igitsina cy'indabyo, gutera ingingo gucika, no gutuma imbuto zikura. Ariko kandi, itera ingaruka zitandukanye ku mikorere y'ibinyabutabire.

1. Guteza imbere indabo

Ethephonbishobora kongera imikorere ya aside acetic oxidase ya indole mu bimera, bigatinza imikorere ya IAA, bikagabanya urugero rwa IAA mu bimera, kandi bikabuza imikorere yagibberellinena cytokinins. Ibi bifasha kugera ku ntego yo kubuza gukura kw'amashami no guteza imbere itandukaniro ry'indabyo. Mu gihe cyo gutandukana kw'indabyo, iyo gukura kw'ibimera ari byinshi cyangwa ntibihagarare, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gutandukana kw'indabyo. Mu kuvura Ethephon, bishobora kubuza gukura kw'amashami mashya y'ibiti by'imbuto cyangwa bigatuma amashami mashya yuma agapfa, bigatuma inzira isanzwe yo gutandukana kw'indabyo ikomeza.

Ethephon ikoreshwa ku biti by'imbuto nka lychee, longan, pome, mango, na plum y'icyatsi kibisi, kandi ibisubizo ni ingenzi cyane. Ethephon igira ingaruka zikomeye ku gukura kw'imishishwa y'itumba rya lychee na longan. Iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe na paclobutrazol na aside amine, ishobora kubuza cyane gukura kw'imishishwa y'itumba no guteza imbere ubwiyongere bw'amashami. Iyo ihujwe n'izindi ngamba zigenzura ibimera cyangwa ingamba zo guhinga, ethylenei igira ingaruka nziza cyane mu gutuma indabyo z'amapera zikura. Urugero, 40% Ethephon ku gipimo cya 400 + 85% B9 ku gipimo cya 400 + umuti wo kugabanya ingano y'amapera ku mapera ya Red Fuji ushobora kubuza neza gukura kw'imishishwa mishya, kunoza ubushobozi bw'igihingwa bwo kurabya indabyo, no kongera cyane uburemere bw'imbuto imwe n'umusaruro.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibiti by'imbuto nka mango, plum y'icyatsi kibisi, na kiwi bugabanya gukura kw'imishibu mishya. Nyuma yo kuvura iminsi 7-10, imishibu mishya ya plum y'icyatsi kibisi na kiwi irapfa, bigatuma indabyo zikura, yongera umuvuduko w'imbuto, kandi yongera umusaruro. Uburyo bwo kuvura ibiti bya kiwi butuma imbuto zigira imiterere igororotse, umubare w'imbuto ugabanuka cyane, kandi ethylenei, yaba ikoreshejwe yonyine cyangwa ivanze na B9 cyangwa PP333, igira ingaruka zo gutuma imbuto nto zigwa, igabanya cyane ubukana bw'imbuto no kugira ingaruka zo kwera. Ingaruka za Ethephon ku bitoki ziratandukanye n'iz'ibindi biti by'imbuto. Ishobora kongera umubare w'imishibu itwarwa n'ibitoki, igagabanya ubuke bw'imbuto n'umubare w'imbuto, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka.

II. Gukumira "Iterambere ry'Uburemere"

Lychee na longan byombi ni indabyo zivanze. Iyo zitangiye kurabya mu mpeshyi kandi zigahura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, akenshi habaho "gukura cyane". Cyane cyane kuri longan, iyo "gukura cyane" bibayeho, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'indabyo no ku musaruro. Mu kuvura lychee na longan hakoreshejwe Ethephon, gukura kw'amababi mato ku misokoro y'indabyo bishobora kubuzwa, kandi indabyo z'indabyo zishobora kuboneka. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku gutera Ethephon kuri lychee y'amababi y'umukara, byagaragaye ko ubuziranenge bw'indabyo n'umubare mpuzandengo w'imbuto kuri buri misokoro byiyongera. Igipimo gikwiye cya ethylene ni 200-250 mg / L. Iyo gutera Ethephon 250-300 mg / L kuri longan iyo ishami rikuzeho cm 5-8, ni ingirakamaro mu gutandukanya imiterere y'indabyo kandi bishobora gukumira "gukura cyane", bigatuma indabyo zikura neza.

Iyo ukoresheje Ethephon mu kuvura amababi mato ku mizingo y'indabyo, iyo ingano yayo idakwiye, akenshi itera kugwa kw'indabyo. Mu igerageza, byagaragaye ko impinduka mu bushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe cy'ikura rya lychee na longan bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka za Ethephon. Mu mpeshyi iyo hari ubushyuhe buke n'ubushuhe bwinshi, ingano ya Ethephon yo gukumira "gukura cyane" ni 250 mg/L; ariko mu mpeshyi iyo hari ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amapfa, ingano ya Ethephon yo gukumira "gukura cyane" ni 150 mg/L, ibi bikaba bigitera kugwa kw'indabyo, kandi ingaruka ni zimwe kuri lychee na longan.

III. Guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'ibishyimbo

Imisemburo ya Ethephon ishobora kwihutisha kubora kwa chlorophyll, igatuma anthocyanins zivuka, kandi igatera uruhu rw'imbuto kugira ibara, bityo ikihutisha inzira yo gusharira. Gutera 200mg/L imisemburo ya Ethephon nyuma y'iminsi 50 imaze kurabya imbuto za “Fisher's Smile” bishobora kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gukora anthocyanins, bigatuma imbuto zigira ibara mbere, aho ibara ringana na 61%. Imisemburo ya Ethephon igira ingaruka ku kunoza ibara n'ikura ry'imbuto nini, ariko ingaruka zayo ni nkeya ugereranije no kuvura borax + gibberellin. Gutera 30mg/L imisemburo ya Ethephon bishobora gutuma imbuto zikura mbere y'iminsi 1-2. Gutera 500-1000mg/L imisemburo ya Ethephon ibyumweru 2 mbere y'uko persimmons isharira kare bishobora gutuma ikura ry'imbuto rikura mbere y'icyumweru kimwe bitagabanyije ubwiza bw'imbuto. Nyuma yo kuvurwa na ethylene hormone, nta ngaruka nini igira ku bintu bikomeye bishobora gushonga, vitamine C, n'ingano y'imbuto, ariko hari uburyo bwo kugabanya aside ishobora kuba nyinshi.

IV. Kubika no Kubika

Mu gihe cyo kugurisha imbuto nshya, kugira ngo yongere igihe cyo kuzimara, Ethephon ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutuma imbuto zikura. Iyo imbuto zivuwe na Ethephon, ibara ryazo n'uburyohe bwazo biba byiza kurushaho, ariko ikoreshwa ryazo rigomba kwitabwaho. Iyo mango zibitswe mu cyumba gikonje kuri 25-28°C nyuma yo kuvurwa na Ethephon ya 200 cyangwa 400mg/L, imiterere y'imyembe iba myiza. Ariko, iyo zivuwe na Ethephon ya 600mg/L, Ethephon nyinshi mu mbuto zisohoka, bigatuma inyama z'imbuto zigabanuka.