Imiterere rusange y'iterambere ry'imiti yica udukoko mu isuku

Mu myaka 20 ishize, imiti yica udukoko isuku mu gihugu cyanjye yateye imbere cyane. Ubwa mbere, bitewe n’uko hashyizweho ubwoko bwinshi bushya n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho riturutse mu mahanga, naho ubwa kabiri, imbaraga z’ibikoresho bireba mu gihugu byatumye ibikoresho byinshi by’ingenzi n’uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko isuku bikorwa. Kandi havuzwe ku bwiza n’iterambere ry’ubwoko bushya bw’imiti. Nubwo hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’imiti yica udukoko, ku bijyanye n’imiti yica udukoko isuku, imiti yica udukoko iracyari yo ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Kubera ko udukoko twagize ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kurwanya pyrethroids mu turere tumwe na tumwe, kandi hari uburyo bwo kuyirwanya, bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryayo. Ariko, kubera ko ifite ibyiza byinshi bidasanzwe nko kuba uburozi buke no gukora neza cyane, biragoye gusimbuzwa ubundi bwoko mu gihe runaka. Ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa ni tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin na dextramethrin ikungahaye kuri Allethrin n'ibindi. Muri byo, allethrin ikungahaye kuri D-trans itunganywa kandi igakorerwa mu gihugu cyanjye ku giti cyayo. Igice cya aside cya allethrin isanzwe gitandukanywa na cis na trans isomers naho isomers y'ibumoso n'iburyo itandukana kugira ngo yongere igipimo cy'umubiri wayo ukora neza, bityo binoze imikorere y'umusaruro. Muri icyo gihe, umubiri udafite ubuzima uhinduka umubiri wemewe, bigabanya ikiguzi. Bigaragaza ko gukora pyrethroids mu gihugu cyanjye byinjiye mu rwego rwo kwigenga no kwinjira mu rwego rwa stereochemistry n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'imikorere y'amatara. Dichlorvos mu miti yica udukoko ya organophosphorus ni yo ifite umusaruro mwinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane bitewe n’ingaruka zayo zikomeye zo kurimbura, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwica cyane ndetse n’imikorere yayo yo kwiyahura mu buryo bw’umwimerere, ariko DDVP na chlorpyrifos byaragabanijwe mu ikoreshwa. Mu 1999, Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya Hunan gishinzwe inganda z’ibinyabutabire, nk’uko byasabwe na OMS, cyakoze umuti wica udukoko wa pirimiphos-methyl ufite imiterere migari, ukora vuba kandi wica udukoko, ushobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya imibu, isazi, inyenzi n’udusimba.

Muri carbamate, propoxur na Zhongbucarb bikoreshwa ku bwinshi. Ariko, nk'uko amakuru abivuga, umusaruro wa sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, ubora ufite ibibazo by'uburozi. Uyu musaruro ntiwari ku rutonde rw'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo yashyizwe ahagaragara n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima mu 1997, kandi uretse Ubushinwa, nta kindi gihugu ku isi cyakoresheje uyu musaruro mu miti yica udukoko mu ngo. Kugira ngo imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ikomeze kubungabungwa kandi ihuzwe n'amahame mpuzamahanga, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya imiti yica udukoko cya Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi hamwe n'imiterere y'igihugu cyanjye, ku ya 23 Werurwe 2000, kuri Zhongbuwei, hashyizweho amabwiriza ajyanye no guhagarika ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo buhoro buhoro.
Hari abashakashatsi benshi ku bipimo by’imikurire y’udukoko, kandi hari ubwoko bwinshi, nka: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, nibindi. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, bikoreshwa mu kurwanya inkeri mu duce tw’imibu n’isazi twororokeramo, kandi byageze ku musaruro mwiza. Bigenda bikwirakwizwa buhoro buhoro kandi bigashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amashami nka Kaminuza ya Fudan yakoze ubushakashatsi no gukora imisemburo y’udukoko two mu rugo, naho Kaminuza ya Wuhan yakoreye ubushakashatsi ku giti cyayo ku mikorobe. Ibi bicuruzwa bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho by’imiti yica udukoko birimo gukorwa, nka: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, virusi ya cockroach na Metarhizium anisopliae byandikishijwe nk'ibicuruzwa by'isuku. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bihuza udukoko ni piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, na synergist amine. Byongeye kandi, mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'ikibazo cy'ikoreshwa rya octachlorodipropyl ether, Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Mashyamba cya Nanjing cyakuyemo AI-1 synergist muri turpentine, na Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Binyabuzima cya Shanghai na Kaminuza y'Ubuhinzi ya Nanjing bakoze igikoresho cya 94o synergist. Hariho kandi amine zikurikirana, synergist, hamwe n'ikorwa rya synergist zikomoka ku bimera za S-855.

Kugeza ubu, hari ibintu 87 bigize imiti yica udukoko mu rwego rwo kwiyandikisha mu buryo bw’isuku mu gihugu cyacu, muri byo: 46 (52.87%) by’udukoko twa pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) by’ingirabuzimafatizo, 5 by’ikarabomate, 1 (5.75%), ibintu 5 bidafite umwimerere (5.75%), mikorobe 4 (4.60%), organochlorine 1 (1.15%), n’ubundi bwoko 18 (20.68%).