Isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ku isi ryagize iterambere rigaragara uko imijyi yihuta kandi abantu bakarushaho gusobanukirwa ubuzima n’isuku. Ubwiyongere bw’indwara ziterwa n’udukoko nka dengue fiver na malariya biyongereye ku ikenerwa ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo mu myaka ya vuba aha. Urugero, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima watangaje ko abantu barenga miliyoni 200 banduye malariya bagaragaye ku isi hose umwaka ushize, bigaragaza ko hakenewe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya udukoko. Byongeye kandi, uko ibibazo by’udukoko byiyongera, umubare w’ingo zikoresha imiti yica udukoko wiyongereye cyane, aho imashini zisaga miliyari 1.5 zagurishijwe ku isi hose umwaka ushize wonyine. Iri zamuka riterwa kandi n’ubukungu bwo hagati, butuma abantu benshi barya ibintu bya buri munsi bigamije kunoza ireme ry’ubuzima.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'udushya byagize uruhare runini mu kurema isoko ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo. Gushyiraho imiti yica udukoko idahumanya ibidukikije kandi idahumanya ibidukikije byakuruye abaguzi bita ku bidukikije. Urugero, imiti yica udukoko ikomoka ku bimera yamenyekanye cyane, aho ibicuruzwa birenga 50 birenga ku isoko kandi byinjira mu maduka akomeye hirya no hino mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Byongeye kandi, imiti yica udukoko ikoresheje ubuhanga nka mitego y'imibu ikoresha ikoranabuhanga iri kugenda ikundwa cyane, aho ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe ku isi birenga miliyoni 10 umwaka ushize. Inganda z'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti nazo zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'isoko, aho kugurisha imiti yica udukoko mu ngo kuri interineti byiyongereyeho 20%, bituma iba umuyoboro w'ingenzi wo gukwirakwiza.
Mu rwego rw'akarere, Aziya Pasifika ikomeje kuba isoko rikomeye ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo, bitewe n'abaturage benshi bo muri ako karere ndetse n'ubumenyi bukomeje kwiyongera mu kwirinda indwara. Akarere kagize arenga 40% by'isoko ryose, aho Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa ari byo bigura cyane. Hagati aho, Amerika y'Epfo yagaragaye nk'isoko ririmo gukura cyane, aho Brezili yabonye iterambere rikomeye mu gukenera mu gihe ikomeje kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'imibu. Isoko ryabonye kandi ubwiyongere bw'inganda zo mu gihugu, aho amasosiyete mashya arenga 200 yinjiye mu nganda mu myaka ibiri ishize. Ibi bintu byose hamwe bigaragaza ko isoko ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ririmo kwiyongera cyane, bitewe n'udushya, itandukaniro mu gukenera udukoko mu karere, ndetse n'impinduka mu byo abaguzi bakunda.
Amavuta y'ingenzi: Gukoresha imbaraga za kamere mu guhindura imiti yica udukoko yo mu ngo ikaba ahazaza hatekanye kandi hatarangwa n'ibidukikije
Isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ririmo guhinduka cyane ku bisubizo karemano kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, aho amavuta y’ingenzi aba ari yo akundwa cyane. Iyi ngeso iterwa n’abaguzi bagenda barushaho gusobanukirwa ingaruka z’imiti ikoreshwa mu miti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu miti yica udukoko. Amavuta y’ingenzi nka lemongrass, neem, na eucalyptus azwiho ubushobozi bwo kwirukana imiti, bigatuma aba andi mahitamo meza. Isoko ry’amavuta y’ingenzi ku isi ryitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 1.2 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2023, bigaragaza ko abantu bakunda cyane ibikomoka ku bimera karemano. Ubusabe bw’imiti yica udukoko ishingiye kuri peteroli mu mijyi bwariyongereye cyane, aho ku isi hose hagurishijwe miliyoni 150, bigaragaza ko hari impinduka mu byo abaguzi bakunda kugana ku bisubizo bihamye kandi birambye. Byongeye kandi, miliyoni zirenga 500 z’amadolari y’Amerika zashowe mu bushakashatsi no mu gukora amavuta y’ingenzi, bigaragaza ko inganda zishishikajwe no guhanga udushya n’umutekano.
Kugaragara kw'amavuta y'ingenzi ku isoko ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo birushaho kwiyongera kuko atanga inyungu zitandukanye, harimo impumuro nziza n'imiterere idahumanya, ijyanye n'ubuzima rusange bw'abaguzi ba none. Mu 2023, ingo zirenga miliyoni 70 muri Amerika ya Ruguru gusa zizahindura imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mavuta y'ingenzi. Umucuruzi ukomeye yavuze ko yiyongereyeho 20% mu mwanya wo kubika ibi bicuruzwa, bigaragaza ko isoko ryabyo riri kwiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gukora imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mavuta y'ingenzi mu karere ka Aziya ya Pasifika bwiyongereyeho 30%, bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abaguzi n'ubufasha bwiza mu mategeko. Imbuga zo kuri interineti nazo zagize uruhare runini, aho imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mavuta y'ingenzi irenga 500.000 yatangijwe umwaka ushize. Uko isoko rikomeza gutera imbere, amavuta y'ingenzi yiteguye kwigarurira igice cy'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo, umutekano, no guhuza n'impinduka ku isi mu gushaka ibisubizo ku buzima buzira umuze.
Imiti yica udukoko ikoze mu nganda igize 56% by'isoko: ni yo iyoboye mu kurwanya udukoko ku isi bitewe n'udushya n'icyizere cy'abaguzi.
Isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo ririmo kwiyongera cyane mu gukenera imiti yica udukoko ikoze mu nganda, bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo buhanitse n’uburyo ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Ubu busabe bushingiye ku bintu byinshi by’ingenzi, birimo ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwica udukoko twinshi vuba no gutanga uburinzi burambye ubundi buryo busanzwe budashobora gukoreshwa. Cyane cyane, imiti yica udukoko ikoze mu nganda nka pyrethroids, organophosphates, na carbamate yabaye ingenzi mu ngo, aho imashini zisaga miliyari 3 zagurishijwe ku isi hose umwaka ushize wonyine. Ibi bicuruzwa bikunzwe cyane bitewe n’uko bikora vuba kandi neza mu mijyi aho udukoko twibasira cyane. Kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo abaguzi bakunda, inganda zongereye ubushobozi bwazo bwo gukora, aho inganda zisaga 400 ku isi zihariye mu gukora imiti yica udukoko ikoze mu nganda, zigatanga serivisi zihamye kandi zigatanga serivisi ku baguzi.
Ku isi yose, uburyo abantu bitabiriye isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo muri rusange bwari bwiza, aho ibihugu nka Amerika n’Ubushinwa ari byo bya mbere mu musaruro no mu ikoreshwa ryayo, aho umusaruro urenga miliyoni 50 z’umusaruro ku mwaka. Byongeye kandi, inganda zikora imiti yica udukoko mu ngo zagize ishoramari rikomeye mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere mu myaka ya vuba aha, zirenga miliyari 2 z’amadolari, hagamijwe guteza imbere imiti yica udukoko ibora kandi irinda ibidukikije. Iterambere ry’ingenzi ririmo gutangiza imiti yica udukoko ibora, igabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije idahungabanya umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, impinduka z’inganda zikoresha uburyo bwo gupakira neza, nk’ibikoresho birwanya abana kandi birengera ibidukikije, bigaragaza ko zishyigikiye umutekano w’abaguzi kandi birambye. Ubu bushya bwateje imbere iterambere rikomeye ry’isoko, aho inganda zikora imiti yica udukoko mu ngo zitezweho kwinjiza amafaranga menshi ya miliyari 1.5 z’amadolari mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Uko ibi bicuruzwa bikomeje kwiganza ku isoko, kwinjizwa mu ngamba zo kurwanya udukoko bigaragaza uruhare rwabyo rukomeye mu kwita ku ngo zigezweho, bigakomeza kuba amahitamo ya mbere ku baguzi ku isi yose.
Ubusabe bw'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo bukomeje kwiyongera bitewe ahanini n'uko hakenewe byihutirwa kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'imibu, zibangamiye cyane ubuzima bw'isi. Imibu yandura zimwe mu ndwara zikomeye cyane ku isi, zirimo malariya, dengue fiver, virusi ya Zika, fiver y'umuhondo na chikungunya. Nk'uko bivugwa n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), malariya yonyine yibasira abantu barenga miliyoni 200 kandi igatera impfu zirenga 400.000 buri mwaka, cyane cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara. Hagati aho, hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 100 bandura dengue fiver buri mwaka, aho abarwayi biyongera cyane, cyane cyane mu turere dushyuha n'utwo mu turere dushyuha. Nubwo idakunze kugaragara cyane, virusi ya Zika ifitanye isano n'ubumuga bukomeye bwo kuvukana, bigatuma habaho ubukangurambaga bukomeye mu by'ubuzima rusange. Uku kwiyongera gukabije kw'indwara ziterwa n'imibu ni impamvu ikomeye ku ngo yo gushora imari nyinshi mu miti yica udukoko: imiti yica imibu irenga miliyari 2 igurishwa ku isi buri mwaka.
Iterambere ry’imiti yica udukoko mu mibu ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo rirushaho guterwa inkunga no kwiyongera k’ubukangurambaga no gufata ingamba zo kubungabunga ubuzima rusange. Guverinoma n’imiryango iharanira ubuzima rusange bashora miliyari zisaga 3 z’amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka muri gahunda zo kurwanya imibu, harimo no gukwirakwiza inzitiramibu ziterwa umuti na gahunda zo gutwikira mu nzu. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’imiti mishya kandi ikora neza yatumye hatangizwa ibicuruzwa bishya birenga 500 mu myaka ibiri ishize kugira ngo bihaze ibyifuzo bitandukanye by’abaguzi. Isoko ryanabonye iterambere rigaragara mu kugurisha kuri interineti, aho urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwo kuri interineti ruvuga ko kugurisha imiti yica udukoko byiyongereyeho ibirenga 300% mu gihe cy’ibihe bikomeye. Uko uturere tw’imijyi twaguka n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ihindura aho imibu ituye, biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’imiti ikoreshwa neza mu kurwanya imibu kizakomeza kwiyongera, isoko ryitezwe ko rizikuba kabiri mu bunini mu myaka icumi iri imbere. Iyi miterere igaragaza akamaro gakomeye k’imiti yica udukoko nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’ingamba z’ubuzima rusange ku isi.
Ubusabe bwinshi: Umugabane w’inyungu ku isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo muri Aziya Pasifika ugera kuri 47%, ukaba uri ku mwanya wa mbere.
Nk'igihugu gikunze kugurwa cyane mu isoko ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo, akarere ka Aziya Pasifika gafite uruhare runini bitewe n'imiterere yako yihariye y'ibidukikije n'ubukungu. Imijyi ituwe cyane muri ako karere nka Mumbai, Tokyo na Jakarta ikeneye ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya udukoko kugira ngo ibungabunge imibereho y'abaturage barenga miliyari 2 batuye mu mijyi. Ibihugu nka Tayilande, Filipine na Vietnam bifite ikirere gishyuha gifite ubwiyongere bwinshi bw'indwara ziterwa n'udukoko nka dengue fiver na malariya, kandi imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu ngo zirenga miliyoni 500 buri mwaka. Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima washyize aka karere mu "kibazo" cy'izi ndwara, aho abantu barenga miliyoni 3 bandura buri mwaka kandi bakeneye ibisubizo byihutirwa byo kurwanya udukoko. Byongeye kandi, abaturage bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati, biteganijwe ko bazagera kuri miliyari 1.7 mu 2025, barimo gushora imari mu miti yica udukoko igezweho kandi itandukanye, bigaragaza impinduka mu ngengo y'imari y'umuryango mu gushyira imbere ubuzima n'isuku.
Ibintu by'ingenzi mu muco n'udushya nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu kwagura isoko ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo. Mu Buyapani, ihame rya mottainai, cyangwa kugabanya imyanda, ryateje imbere imiti yica udukoko ikora neza kandi irambye, aho amasosiyete asaba patenti zirenga 300 zijyanye n'ibidukikije umwaka ushize gusa. Icyerekezo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku bidukikije kandi ishingiye ku binyabuzima kiragaragara, aho igipimo cyo kuyikoresha cyazamutse cyane muri Indoneziya na Maleziya uko abaguzi barushaho kwita ku bidukikije. Isoko rya Aziya Pasifika riteganijwe kuba rifite agaciro ka miliyari 7 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2023, aho Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde bifite uruhare runini bitewe n'umubare munini w'abaturage babyo n'ubumenyi bw'ubuzima buri kwiyongera. Muri icyo gihe, iterambere ryihuse ry'imijyi rikomeje gutera imbere, aho akarere kitezweho kongeramo abandi miliyari 1 batuye mu mijyi mu 2050, bigakomeza gushimangira umwanya wako nk'isoko ry'ingenzi ry'imiti yica udukoko mu ngo. Mu gihe imihindagurikire y'ikirere ibangamiye uburyo gakondo bwo kurwanya udukoko, akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika kiyemeje guhanga udushya no guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe bizatera icyifuzo ku isi hose cyo gushaka ibisubizo birambye kandi bifite akamaro by'imiti yica udukoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2024