Isoko ry’udukoko twangiza udukoko ku isi ryabonye iterambere ryinshi mu gihe imijyi yihuta kandi abantu bakarushaho kumenya ubuzima n’isuku. Ubwiyongere bw'indwara ziterwa na virusi nka feri ya dengue na malariya bwiyongereye ku miti yica udukoko two mu ngo mu myaka yashize. Urugero, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatangaje ko umwaka ushize ku isi hose abantu barenga miliyoni 200 banduye malariya, bagaragaza ko hakenewe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya udukoko. Byongeye kandi, uko ibibazo by’udukoko byiyongera, umubare w’ingo zikoresha imiti yica udukoko wiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, aho mu mwaka ushize honyine haguzwe ibice birenga miliyari 1.5. Iri terambere kandi riterwa nicyiciro cyo hagati gikura, kikaba gitera ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya buri munsi bigamije kuzamura imibereho.
Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya byagize uruhare runini mu gushiraho isoko ry’udukoko twangiza udukoko. Kwinjiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi bidafite ubumara bwica udukoko byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Kurugero, imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku bimera imaze kumenyekana cyane, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bishya birenga 50 byuzuza isoko kandi byinjira mu bacuruzi bakomeye mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Byongeye kandi, ibisubizo byica udukoko twica udukoko nkumutego w imibu wimbere wimbere bigenda byamamara, aho kugurisha kwisi kurenga miliyoni 10 umwaka ushize. Inganda za e-ubucuruzi nazo zagize uruhare runini ku isoko ry’isoko, aho kugurisha imiti yica udukoko two mu rugo byiyongereyeho 20%, bituma iba umuyoboro ukomeye wo gukwirakwiza.
Urebye mu karere, Aziya ya pasifika ikomeje kuba isoko nyamukuru y’imiti yica udukoko two mu ngo, iterwa n’abaturage benshi bo muri ako karere ndetse no kurushaho gukumira indwara. Aka karere kangana na 40% by'imigabane yose ku isoko, Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa nibyo bikoresha cyane. Hagati aho, Amerika y'Epfo yagaragaye nk'isoko ryiyongera cyane, aho Burezili ibona ubwiyongere bukabije bw'ibikenewe mu gihe ikomeje kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'umubu. Isoko kandi ryiyongereye ku bakora inganda zaho, hamwe n’amasosiyete mashya arenga 200 yinjiye mu nganda mu myaka ibiri ishize. Hamwe na hamwe, ibi bintu byerekana inzira ikomeye yo gukura kumasoko yica udukoko murugo, biterwa nudushya, itandukaniro ryakarere mukeneye, no guhindura ibyo abaguzi bakunda.
Amavuta yingenzi: Gukoresha imbaraga za Kamere kugirango uhindure imiti yica udukoko two murugo murugo rwiza, rwiza
Isoko ryica udukoko murugo ririmo guhinduka cyane mubisubizo byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, hamwe namavuta yingenzi ahinduka ibintu byatoranijwe. Iyi myumvire iterwa n’abaguzi kurushaho kumenya ubuzima n’ingaruka ku bidukikije by’imiti ikoreshwa mu gukoresha imiti yica udukoko. Amavuta yingenzi nka lemongras, neem, na eucalyptus azwiho imiti igabanya ubukana, bigatuma iba iyindi nzira ishimishije. Biteganijwe ko isoko ry’amavuta y’udukoko twangiza udukoko ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 1,2 y’amadolari ya Amerika mu 2023, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko abantu bakunda guhitamo ibicuruzwa bisanzwe. Icyifuzo cy’udukoko twangiza udukoko tw’amavuta mu mijyi cyiyongereye cyane, aho kugurisha ku isi bigeze kuri miliyoni 150, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko impinduka z’abakiriya zigana ku bisubizo byizewe kandi birambye. Byongeye kandi, miliyoni zirenga 500 z’amadolari y’Amerika zashowe mu bushakashatsi bwa peteroli no mu gukora, byerekana ko inganda ziyemeje guhanga udushya n’umutekano.
Kwiyambaza amavuta yingenzi kumasoko yica udukoko murugo birarushaho kwiyongera kuko bitanga inyungu zinyuranye zakazi, harimo impumuro nziza hamwe nuburozi butari uburozi, bujyanye nubuzima rusange bwabaguzi ba kijyambere. Mu 2023, ingo zirenga miliyoni 70 muri Amerika ya Ruguru zonyine nizo zizahindura imiti yica udukoko dushingiye ku mavuta. Umucuruzi ukomeye yatangaje ko 20% byiyongereyeho umwanya wibicuruzwa kuri ibyo bicuruzwa, bikagaragaza umugabane w’isoko ugenda wiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ingufu za pesticide zishingiye ku mavuta mu karere ka Aziya ya pasifika yiyongereyeho 30%, bitewe n’ubushake bw’abaguzi ndetse n’inkunga nziza igenzurwa. Imbuga za interineti nazo zagize uruhare runini, hamwe n’udukoko twangiza amavuta arenga 500.000. Mugihe isoko rikomeje gutera imbere, amavuta yingenzi yiteguye kuganza igice cyica udukoko twangiza udukoko bitewe ningirakamaro, umutekano, no guhuza nisi yose igana kubisubizo bibisi.
Imiti yica udukoko yica udukoko igera kuri 56% yisoko: iyobora kurwanya udukoko ku isi bitewe nudushya no kwizerana kwabaguzi
Isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko murugo ririmo kwiyongera bidasanzwe mu gukenera imiti yica udukoko twangiza, bitewe nubushobozi bwabo buhebuje kandi butandukanye. Iki cyifuzo giterwa nibintu byinshi byingenzi, harimo nubushobozi bwabo bwo kwica vuba udukoko dutandukanye no gutanga uburinzi burambye burigihe ubundi buryo busanzwe budashobora. Ikigaragara ni uko imiti yica udukoko twangiza nka pyrethroide, organophosphates, na karbamate zahindutse ibintu byingenzi murugo, aho miliyari zirenga 3 zagurishijwe kwisi yose umwaka ushize wonyine. Ibicuruzwa birakunzwe cyane kubera ibikorwa byihuse nibikorwa byumujyi aho usanga udukoko twangiza. Kugira ngo abakiriya babone ibyo bakeneye, inganda zongereye ubushobozi bwo gukora, hamwe n’inganda zirenga 400 zikora inganda ku isi hose zikora ibijyanye no gukora imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.
Ku isi hose, igisubizo ku isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko twabaye cyiza muri rusange, aho ibihugu nka Amerika n’Ubushinwa biza ku isonga mu bicuruzwa ndetse n’ibikoreshwa, aho umusaruro w’umwaka urenga miliyoni 50. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rukora imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko rwabonye ishoramari rikomeye rya R&D mu myaka yashize, hejuru ya miliyari 2 z'amadolari, hagamijwe guteza imbere uburyo bwiza kandi bwangiza ibidukikije. Iterambere ryingenzi ririmo kwinjiza imiti yica udukoko twangiza ibinyabuzima, bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije bitabangamiye imikorere. Byongeye kandi, guhindura inganda kubisubizo byubwenge bipfunyika, nkibikoresho byangiza abana kandi byangiza ibidukikije, byerekana ubushake bwumutekano wabaguzi no kuramba. Ibi bishya byatumye isoko ryiyongera cyane, aho inganda zica udukoko twica udukoko ziteganijwe kwinjiza andi miliyari 1.5 y’amadolari mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Mu gihe ibyo bicuruzwa bikomeje kwiganza ku isoko, kwinjiza mu ngamba zihuriweho zo kurwanya udukoko byerekana uruhare rwabo mu kwita ku ngo zigezweho, byemeza ko bikomeza kuba amahitamo ya mbere ku baguzi ku isi.
Icyifuzo cy’imiti yica udukoko twica udukoko ku isoko ry’udukoko twica udukoko twiyongera cyane cyane kubera ko byihutirwa kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’umubu, bikaba bibangamira ubuzima bw’isi yose. Umubu wanduza zimwe mu ndwara zibangamiye isi, harimo malariya, umuriro wa dengue, virusi ya Zika, umuriro w'umuhondo na chikungunya. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko malariya yonyine yibasira abantu barenga miliyoni 200 kandi igatera abantu barenga 400.000 buri mwaka, cyane cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Hagati aho, buri mwaka hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 100 barwara indwara ya dengue, aho usanga abantu biyongera cyane, cyane cyane mu turere dushyuha no mu turere dushyuha. Nubwo bidakunze kubaho, virusi ya Zika ifitanye isano n’ubumuga bukomeye bw’amavuko, bigatuma ubukangurambaga bw’ubuzima rusange. Iyi ndwara iteye ubwoba y’indwara ziterwa n’umubu ni ikintu gikomeye gitera ingo gushora imari mu miti yica udukoko: imiti irenga miriyari 2 igurishwa ku isi buri mwaka.
Ubwiyongere bw’udukoko twica udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko two mu ngo ku isi hose turusheho gushimangirwa no kongera ubumenyi n’ingamba zifatika z’ubuzima rusange. Guverinoma n’amashyirahamwe y’ubuzima rusange bashora miliyari zisaga 3 z’amadolari y’Amerika muri gahunda yo kurwanya imibu, harimo no gukwirakwiza inshundura zanduza imiti yica udukoko ndetse na gahunda z’ibihu byo mu ngo. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere imiti mishya y’udukoko twica udukoko byatumye hashyirwa ahagaragara ibicuruzwa bishya birenga 500 mu myaka ibiri ishize kugira ngo abakiriya babone ibyo bakeneye. Isoko ryabonye kandi iterambere ryinshi mu kugurisha kumurongo, hamwe nu rubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rutangaza ko kugurisha imiti yica imibu byiyongereyeho hejuru ya 300% mugihe cyimpera. Mu gihe imijyi yagutse kandi imihindagurikire y’ikirere ihindura aho imibu ituye, hateganijwe ko igisubizo cy’imiti igabanya ubukana kizakomeza kwiyongera, bikaba biteganijwe ko isoko rizikuba kabiri mu myaka icumi iri imbere. Iyi myumvire irashimangira akamaro gakomeye kica udukoko twica imibu nkigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byubuzima rusange bwisi.
Icyifuzo kinini: Umugabane winjiza isoko ryimiti yica udukoko murugo muri Aziya ya pasifika ugera kuri 47%, ufata umwanya wambere.
Nka gihugu kinini cy’abaguzi ku isoko ry’udukoko twangiza udukoko, akarere ka Aziya ya pasifika gafite uruhare runini kubera imiterere yihariye y’ibidukikije n’imibereho n’ubukungu. Imijyi ituwe cyane muri kariya karere nka Mumbai, Tokiyo na Jakarta isanzwe isaba ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya udukoko kugira ngo imibereho ibashe kwibasira abaturage barenga miliyari 2. Ibihugu nka Tayilande, Filipine na Vietnam bifite ikirere gishyuha kandi cyiganjemo indwara ziterwa na virusi nka feri ya dengue na malariya, kandi imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu ngo zirenga miliyoni 500 buri mwaka. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryashyize akarere nk'ahantu hashyushye kuri izo ndwara, aho buri mwaka havugwa abantu barenga miliyoni 3 kandi ko hakenewe byihutirwa ingamba zo kurwanya udukoko. Byongeye kandi, abantu bo hagati, biteganijwe ko bazagera kuri miliyari 1.7 mu 2025, bagenda bashora imari mu miti yica udukoko twangiza kandi itandukanye, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ihinduka ry’ingengo y’imari y’umuryango mu gushyira imbere ubuzima n’isuku.
Ibyingenzi byumuco no guhanga udushya nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu kwagura isoko yica udukoko murugo. Mu Buyapani, ihame rya mottainai, cyangwa kugabanya imyanda, ryateje imbere iterambere ry’udukoko twica udukoko twangiza cyane, hamwe n’amasosiyete asaba patenti zirenga 300 zijyanye n’umwaka ushize wonyine. Icyerekezo cyangiza ibidukikije, imiti yica udukoko twangiza bio kiragaragara, aho umubare w’abana wiyongera wazamutse cyane muri Indoneziya na Maleziya mu gihe abaguzi bagenda barushaho kwita ku bidukikije. Biteganijwe ko isoko rya Aziya ya pasifika rifite agaciro ka miliyari 7 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2023, aho Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde bifite uruhare runini kubera ubwinshi bw’abaturage ndetse no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ubuzima. Muri icyo gihe kandi, imijyi yihuse ikomeje gutera imbere, biteganijwe ko akarere kiyongereyeho miliyari imwe y’abatuye mu mijyi mu 2050, bikarushaho gushimangira umwanya wacyo nk’isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko two mu ngo. Mu gihe imihindagurikire y’ikirere ihura n’uburyo gakondo bwo kurwanya udukoko, akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika kiyemeje guhanga udushya no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bizatuma isi ikenera ibisubizo by’imiti yica udukoko twangiza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2024