Imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'abaturage byabaye imbogamizi zikomeye ku mutekano w'ibiribwa ku isi. Igisubizo kimwe gitanga icyizere ni ugukoreshaabashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera(PGRs) kugira ngo bongere umusaruro w’ibihingwa kandi batsinde imimerere mibi yo guhinga nk’ikirere cy’ubutayu. Vuba aha, carotenoid zaxinone n’ibindi bibiri biyigize (MiZax3 na MiZax5) byagaragaje ko bitanga umusaruro mwiza mu bihingwa by’ibinyampeke n’imboga mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’igihe cy’ubuhinzi. Aha, twakomeje gusuzuma ingaruka z’ingano zitandukanye za MiZax3 na MiZax5 (5 μM na 10 μM mu 2021; 2.5 μM na 5 μM mu 2022) ku mikurire n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa bibiri by’imboga bifite agaciro kanini muri Kamboje: ibirayi n’ibitoki byo muri Arabiya Sawudite. Arabiya. Mu magerageza atanu yigenga yo mu murima kuva mu 2021 kugeza 2022, gukoresha MiZax byombi byazamuye cyane imiterere y’ubuhinzi bw’ibimera, ibice by’umusaruro n’umusaruro muri rusange. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko MiZax ikoreshwa mu rugero ruto cyane ugereranyije na aside humic (ikintu gikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi gikoreshwa hano mu kugereranya). Bityo, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwacu bigaragaza ko MiZax ari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kugenzura imikurire y’ibimera, bushobora gukoreshwa mu gushishikariza imikurire n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa by’imboga ndetse no mu butayu no ku gipimo gito.
Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO), uburyo bwacu bwo gukora ibiribwa bugomba kuba hafi inshuro eshatu bitarenze umwaka wa 2050 kugira ngo bugaburire abaturage b’isi yose (FAO: Isi izakenera 70% by’ibiribwa byinshi bitarenze umwaka wa 20501). Mu by’ukuri, ukwiyongera kw’abaturage, umwanda, udukoko duto cyane cyane ubushyuhe bwinshi n’amapfa aterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere byose ni ibibazo bihura na byo mu mutekano w’ibiribwa ku isi. Muri urwo rwego, kongera umusaruro rusange w’ibihingwa mu bihe bitari byiza ni kimwe mu bisubizo bidashidikanywaho by’iki kibazo gikomeye. Ariko, gukura kw’ibimera no gutera imbere bishingiye ahanini ku kuboneka kw’intungamubiri mu butaka kandi bibangamirwa cyane n’ibintu bibi bikomoka ku bidukikije, harimo amapfa, umunyu cyangwa imbogamizi z’ibinyabuzima3,4,5. Izi mvururu zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima no ku iterambere ry’ibihingwa ndetse bigatera kugabanuka k’umusaruro w’ibihingwa6. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi buke bw’amazi meza bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kuhira ibihingwa, mu gihe imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi igabanya ubuso bw’ubutaka buhingwa kandi ibintu nk’ubushyuhe bugabanya umusaruro w’ibihingwa7,8. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukunze kugaragara mu bice byinshi by’isi, harimo na Arabiya Sawudite. Gukoresha imiti itera ibimera cyangwa imiti igenzura ikura ry’ibimera (PGRs) ni ingirakamaro mu kugabanya ukwezi k’ibimera no kongera umusaruro. Bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibimera no gufasha ibimera guhangana n’ibihe bibi byo gukura9. Muri urwo rwego, imiti itera ibimera n’imiti igenzura ikura ry’ibimera ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwiza kugira ngo irusheho gukura no gutanga umusaruro10,11.
Karotenoide ni tetraterpenoids kandi zikora nk'intangiriro ya phytohormones aside abscisic (ABA) na strigolactone (SL)12,13,14, ndetse n'ibikoresho bigenzura ikura vuba aha bya zaxinone, anorene na cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19. Ariko, inyinshi mu bintu bifatika bya metabolite, harimo n'ibikomoka kuri carotenoide, bifite amasoko make cyangwa ntibihamye, bigatuma ikoreshwa ryabyo muri uru rwego rigorana. Bityo, mu myaka mike ishize, hari ibintu byinshi bigereranywa na ABA na SL byakozwe kandi bigapimwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buhinzi20,21,22,23,24,25. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, duherutse gukora mimetics ya zaxinone (MiZax), metabolite itera ikura ishobora kugira ingaruka zayo binyuze mu kongera imikorere y'isukari no kugenzura SL homeostasis mu mizi y'umuceri19,26. Imiterere ya zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) na MiZax5 (imiterere y’ibinyabutabire igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1A) yagaragaje imikorere ya zaxinone mu bimera by’umuceri byo mu gasozi bihingwa mu buryo bw’amazi no mu butaka26. Byongeye kandi, kuvura inyanya, ikimasa, urusenda rw’icyatsi n’ibihumyo hakoreshejwe zaxinone, MiZax3 na MiZx5 byazamuye imikurire n’umusaruro w’ibimera, ni ukuvuga umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’urusenda, mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’igihe cyo ku gasozi, bigaragaza uruhare rwabyo nk’ibitera imbaraga no gukoresha PGR27. Igishimishije ni uko MiZax3 na MiZax5 byanogeje ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umunyu w’urusenda rw’icyatsi ruhingwa mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi MiZax3 yongereye ingano ya zinc mu mbuto iyo zishyizwe mu gipfundikizo gifite ibyuma-organic frameworks7,28.
(A) Imiterere ya MiZax3 na MiZax5. (B) Ingaruka zo gutera MZ3 na MZ5 ku bimera by'ibirayi ku gipimo cya 5 µM na 10 µM ku bimera by'ibirayi biri mu murima ufunguye. Igerageza rizakorwa mu 2021. Amakuru agaragazwa nk'ikigereranyo cya ± SD. n≥15. Isesengura ry'ibarurishamibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry'uburyo bumwe bw'impinduka (ANOVA) n'ikizamini cya Tukey nyuma y'aho. Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibare ugereranije n'isuzuma (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Muri iki gikorwa, twasuzumye MiZax (MiZax3 na MiZax5) ku bipimo bitatu by'ibibabi (5 µM na 10 µM mu 2021 na 2.5 µM na 5 µM mu 2022) maze tubigereranya n'ibirayi (Solanum tuberosum L). Aside humic regulator (HA) ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi yagereranyijwe n'ibirayi (Fragaria ananassa) mu igerageza ry'ubusitani bw'ibirayi mu 2021 na 2022 no mu igerageza rine mu gihugu mu Bwami bwa Arabiya Sawudite, akarere gasanzwe k'ubutayu. Nubwo HA ari biostimulant ikoreshwa cyane ifite ingaruka nziza nyinshi, harimo kongera intungamubiri mu butaka no guteza imbere iterambere ry'ibihingwa binyuze mu kugenzura homeostasis y'imisemburo, ibisubizo byacu bigaragaza ko MiZax iruta HA.
Ibirayi by'ibirayi byo mu bwoko bwa Diamond byaguzwe muri Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Arabiya Sawudite. Imbuto z'ubwoko bubiri bw'ibirayi "Sweet Charlie" na "Festival" na aside humic zaguzwe muri Modern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Arabiya Sawudite. Ibimera byose byakoreshejwe muri uyu murimo bikurikiza Itangazo rya Politiki ya IUCN ku bushakashatsi ku moko ari mu kaga n'Amasezerano ku bucuruzi ku moko ari mu kaga y'inyamaswa n'ibimera byo mu gasozi.
Ahantu ho gukorera igerageza haherereye i Hada Al-Sham, Arabiya Sawudite (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E). Ubutaka ni umusenyi, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130. Imiterere y'ubutaka igaragara mu mbonerahamwe y'inyongera S1.
Imbuto eshatu z'ibimera bya sitroberi (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) ku cyiciro cy'amababi nyayo zagabanyijwemo amatsinda atatu kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka zo gutera imbuto ku mababi hakoreshejwe 10 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 ku miterere y'imikurire n'igihe cyo kurabya mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Gutera amazi ku mababi (arimo 0.1% acetone) byakoreshejwe nk'uburyo bwo kuvura. Indabo za MiZax ku mababi zakoreshejwe inshuro 7 mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe. Igerageza ribiri ryigenga ryakozwe ku ya 15 na 28 Nzeri 2021, uko bikurikirana. Igipimo cyo gutangira cya buri mvange ni 50 ml hanyuma kiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza kuri 250 ml. Mu byumweru bibiri bikurikiranye, umubare w'ibimera byarazwe buri munsi kandi igipimo cyo kurabya cyabazwe mu ntangiriro z'icyumweru cya kane. Kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'imikurire, umubare w'amababi, uburemere bw'ibimera bishya n'ibyumye, ubuso bw'amababi yose, n'umubare wa stolons kuri buri kimera byapimwe mu mpera z'igihe cyo gukura no mu ntangiriro y'igihe cyo kubyara. Ubuso bw'amababi bwapimwe hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubuso bw'amababi maze ingero nshya zirumikwa mu ziko kuri dogere selisiyusi 100 mu gihe cy'amasaha 48.
Igerageza ry’imirima ryakozwe kabiri: guhinga kare n’igihe gito. Ibirayi by’ubwoko bwa “Diamant” bihingwa mu Ugushyingo na Gashyantare, hamwe n’igihe cyo kwera kare n’igihe gito. Ibitera imbaraga (MiZax-3 na -5) bikoreshwa mu gipimo cya 5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) na 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022). Gutera aside humic (HA) 1 g/l inshuro 8 mu cyumweru. Amazi cyangwa acetone byakoreshejwe nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura nabi. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’igerageza ry’imirima kigaragara muri (Ishusho y’inyongera S1). Igishushanyo cyuzuye cy’amatafari (RCBD) gifite ubuso bwa metero 2.5 × 3.0 cyakoreshejwe mu gukora igerageza ry’imirima. Buri gikorwa cyasubiwemo gatatu nk'uburyo bwihariye. Intera iri hagati ya buri murima ni metero 1.0, naho intera iri hagati ya buri tafari ni metero 2.0. Intera iri hagati y’ibimera ni metero 0.6, intera iri hagati y’imirongo ni metero 1. Ibimera by'ibirayi byavomererwaga buri munsi hakoreshejwe amazi ku kigero cya litiro 3.4 kuri buri gipimo. Ubu buryo bukora kabiri ku munsi mu gihe cy'iminota 10 buri gihe kugira ngo butange amazi ku bimera. Uburyo bwose bwa tekiniki bw'ubuhinzi bwasabwe mu guhinga ibirayi mu gihe cy'amapfa bwakoreshejwe31. Amezi ane nyuma yo guterwa, uburebure bw'ibimera (cm), umubare w'amashami kuri buri kimera, imiterere y'ibirayi n'umusaruro, hamwe n'ubwiza bw'ibirayi byapimwe hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe.
Ingemwe z'ubwoko bubiri bw'ibimera (Sweet Charlie na Festival) zageragejwe mu murima. Ibitera imbaraga (MiZax-3 na -5) byakoreshejwe nk'ibinyampeke by'amababi ku gipimo cya 5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) na 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022) inshuro umunani mu cyumweru. Koresha garama 1 ya HA kuri litiro imwe nk'igiteranyo cy'ibimera mu gihe kimwe na MiZax-3 na -5, hamwe n'uruvange rwa H2O cyangwa acetone nk'igiteranyo kibi. Ingemwe z'ibimera byatewe mu murima wa metero 2.5 x 3 mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo, intera y'ibimera ya metero 0.6 n'intera y'umurongo ya metero 1. Igerageza ryakorewe muri RCBD kandi ryasubiwemo inshuro eshatu. Ibimera byavomerewe iminota 10 buri munsi saa moya na saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuhira bukoresha drip intera irimo drip intera ya metero 0.6 n'ifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 3.4. Ibice bya tekiniki y'ubuhinzi n'ibipimo by'umusaruro byapimwe mu gihe cy'ihinga. Ubwiza bw'imbuto zirimo TSS (%), vitamine C32, aside n'ibinyabutabire bya phenolic byose33 byapimwe muri Laboratwari y'Ubushakashatsi ku Mikorere n'Ikoranabuhanga nyuma yo gusarura ya Kaminuza ya King Abdulaziz.
Amakuru agaragazwa nk'uburyo naho impinduka zigaragazwa nk'impinduka zisanzwe. Akamaro k'ibarurishamibare kagenwe hakoreshejwe ANOVA y'uburyo bumwe (ANOVA y'uburyo bumwe) cyangwa ANOVA y'uburyo bubiri hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya Tukey cyo kugereranya inshuro nyinshi hakoreshejwe urwego rw'amahirwe rwa p < 0.05 cyangwa ikizamini cya t cy'abanyeshuri bafite imirizo ibiri kugira ngo hamenyekane itandukaniro rikomeye (*p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Ibisobanuro byose by'ibarurishamibare byakozwe hakoreshejwe GraphPad Prism verisiyo 8.3.0. Amashyirahamwe yageragejwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry'ibice by'ingenzi (PCA), uburyo bw'ibarurishamibare bwinshi, hakoreshejwe paki ya R 34.
Muri raporo ibanziriza iyi, twerekanye imikorere ya MiZax yo guteza imbere iterambere ry’ibimera ku gipimo cya 5 na 10 μM mu bimera by’ubuhinzi bw’imboga no kunoza imiterere ya chlorophyll mu gipimo cy’ibimera by’ubutaka (SPAD)27. Dushingiye kuri ibi bisubizo, twakoresheje igipimo kimwe kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka za MiZax ku birayi, igihingwa cy’ibiribwa cy’ingenzi ku isi, mu igerageza ryo mu mirima mu turere tw’ubutayu mu 2021. By’umwihariko, twari dushishikajwe no kugerageza niba MiZax ishobora kongera ubwinshi bw’ibinyampeke, umusaruro wa fotosite. Muri rusange, gukoresha MiZax byazamuye iterambere ry’ibimera by’ibirayi ugereranije na aside humic (HA), bituma uburebure bw’ibimera, biomass n’umubare w’amashami (Ishusho ya 1B). Byongeye kandi, twabonye ko 5 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kongera uburebure bw’ibimera, umubare w’amashami, n’ibimera by’ibimera ugereranije na 10 μM (Ishusho ya 1B). Hamwe no kwiyongera kw’iterambere, MiZax yongeye umusaruro, upimirwa n’umubare n’uburemere bw’ibirayi byasaruwe. Ingaruka nziza muri rusange ntiyagaragaye cyane ubwo MiZax yatangwaga ku gipimo cya 10 μM, bigaragaza ko izi myunyungugu zigomba gutangwa ku gipimo kiri munsi y'iki (Ishusho ya 1B). Byongeye kandi, nta tandukaniro twabonye mu bipimo byose byanditse hagati ya acetone (mock) n'ubuvuzi bw'amazi (control), bigaragaza ko ingaruka zo gukura zagaragaye zitatewe n'umusemburo, nk'uko bihuye na raporo yacu yabanje27.
Kubera ko igihe cyo guhinga ibirayi muri Arabiya Sawudite kigizwe no kwera kare no gutinda, twakoze inyigo ya kabiri mu murima mu 2022 dukoresheje ingano nto (2.5 na 5 µM) mu bihembwe bibiri kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka z'igihembwe cy'imirima ifunguye (Ishusho y'inyongera S2A). Nkuko byari byitezwe, gukoresha 5 μM MiZax byombi byatanze ingaruka zo gukura nk'iza mbere: uburebure bw'ibimera bwiyongera, amashami menshi, ubwinshi bw'ibimera, n'umubare w'ibirayi wiyongera (Ishusho ya 2; Ishusho y'inyongera S3). Icy'ingenzi ni uko twabonye ingaruka zikomeye z'izi PGR ku gipimo cya 2.5 μM, mu gihe imiti ya GA itagaragaje ingaruka zari zarateganyijwe. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko MiZax ishobora gukoreshwa ndetse no ku gipimo gito ugereranyije n'uko byari byitezwe. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha MiZax byongereye uburebure n'ubugari bw'ibirayi (Ishusho y'inyongera S2B). Twabonye kandi ubwiyongere bugaragara bw'uburemere bw'ibirayi, ariko igipimo cya 2.5 µM cyakoreshejwe gusa mu bihembwe byombi byo gutera;
Isuzuma ry’ingaruka za MiZax ku bimera by’ibirayi bikura vuba mu murima wa KAU, ryakozwe mu 2022. Amakuru agaragaza impuzandengo ± ihindagurika risanzwe. n≥15. Isesengura ry’ibarurishamibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry’uburyo bumwe bw’impinduka (ANOVA) n’ikizamini cya Tukey nyuma y’aho bigeze. Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibare ugereranije n’isuzuma (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA – aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Kugira ngo humve neza ingaruka z’ubuvuzi (T) n’umwaka (Y), ANOVA yakoreshejwe mu buryo bubiri kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bikorana (T x Y). Nubwo imiti yose itera imbaraga (T) yongereye cyane uburebure bw’ibimera by’ibirayi n’ibimera byabyo, MiZax3 na MiZax5 gusa ni byo byongereye cyane umubare n’uburemere bw’ibirayi, bigaragaza ko uburyo ibirayi by’ibirayi bisubiza mu buryo bubiri kuri MiZax ebyiri byari bisa (Ishusho ya 3)). Byongeye kandi, mu ntangiriro z’igihembwe ikirere (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) kiba gishyushye cyane (ikigereranyo cya 28 °C n’ubushyuhe bwa 52% (2022), bigabanya cyane uburyo ibirayi by’ibirayi byose bimera (Ishusho ya 2; Ishusho y’inyongera S3).
Wige ingaruka zo kuvurwa na 5 µm (T), umwaka (Y) n'uburyo bikorana (T x Y) ku birayi. Amakuru agaragaza impuzandengo ± ihindagurika risanzwe. n ≥ 30. Isesengura ry'imibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry'uburyo bubiri bw'impinduka (ANOVA). Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibare ugereranije no kwigana (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Ariko, uburyo bwo kuvura Myzax bwakomeje gutera imbaraga mu gukura kw'ibimera bitinda gukura. Muri rusange, ubushakashatsi bwacu butatu bwigenga bwagaragaje nta gushidikanya ko gukoresha MiZax bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ibimera binyuze mu kongera umubare w'amashami. Mu by'ukuri, habayeho ingaruka zikomeye hagati ya (T) na (Y) ku mubare w'amashami nyuma yo kuvurwa na MiZax (Ishusho ya 3). Ibi bihuye n'imikorere yabyo nk'ibigenzura nabi imiterere ya strigolactone (SL)26. Byongeye kandi, twagaragaje mbere ko uburyo bwo kuvura Zaxinone butera kwibumbira mu mizi y'umuceri35, ibi bishobora gusobanura ukwiyongera k'ingano n'uburemere bw'ibirayi nyuma yo kuvurwa na MiZax, kubera ko ibirayi bigizwe ahanini n'ibirayi.
Imbuto z'imbuto ni ibimera by'ingenzi mu bukungu. Imbuto z'ikeri ziterwa n'ibibazo byo mu gihe cy'izuba n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubwibyo, twakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za MiZax ku mbuto z'ikeri dukoresheje gutera amababi. Twabanje gutanga MiZax ku gipimo cya µM 10 kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka zayo ku mikurire y'ikeri (Cultivar Festival). Igishimishije ni uko twabonye ko MiZax3 yongereye cyane umubare wa stolons, bihuye n'ubwiyongere bw'amashami, mu gihe MiZax5 yongereye igipimo cy'indabyo, ibinyabuzima by'ibimera, n'ubuso bw'amababi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe (Ishusho y'inyongera S4), bigaragaza ko ibi binyabutabire bibiri bishobora gutandukana mu buryo bw'ibinyabuzima. Ibyabaye 26,27. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza ingaruka zabyo ku mbuto z'ikeri mu gihe cy'ubuhinzi busanzwe, twakoze igerageza ryo mu murima dukoresheje 5 na 10 μM MiZax ku bimera by'ikeri (cv. Sweet Charlie) byahinzwe mu butaka buto mu 2021 (Ishusho ya S5A). Ugereranije na GC, ntabwo twabonye ukwiyongera kw'ibimera by'ibimera, ariko twasanze hari icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera k'umubare w'imbuto (Ishusho ya C6A-B). Ariko, gukoresha MiZax byatumye uburemere bw'imbuto imwe bwiyongera cyane kandi bigaragaza ko urugero rw'ibihingwa ruterwa n'ingano yabyo (Ishusho y'inyongera S5B; Ishusho y'inyongera S6B), bigaragaza ingaruka z'izi mashini zigenzura imikurire y'ibimera ku bwiza bw'imbuto z'ibishyimbo iyo zikoreshejwe mu bihe by'ubutayu.
Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe niba ingaruka zo guteza imbere iterambere ry’imbuto ziterwa n’ubwoko bw’imbuto, twahisemo ubwoko bubiri bw’imbuto z’inkeri zo kugurisha muri Arabiya Sawudite (Sweet Charlie na Festival) maze dukora inyigo ebyiri mu 2022 dukoresheje MiZax (2.5 na 5 µM). Kuri Sweet Charlie, nubwo umubare w’imbuto zose utigeze wiyongera cyane, ubunini bw’imbuto muri rusange bwari bwinshi ku bimera byavuwe na MiZax, kandi umubare w’imbuto kuri buri gice cy’imbuto wiyongereye nyuma yo kuvurwa na MiZax3 (Ishusho ya 4). Aya makuru akomeza avuga ko ibikorwa bya MiZax3 na MiZax5 bishobora gutandukana. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kuvurwa na Myzax, twabonye ukwiyongera k’uburemere bw’ibimera bishya n’ibyumye, ndetse n’uburebure bw’imitsi y’ibimera. Ku bijyanye n’umubare w’ibimera bishya n’ibimera bishya, twasanze kwiyongera kuri 5 μM MiZax gusa (Ishusho ya 4), bigaragaza ko guhuza neza kwa MiZax biterwa n’ubwoko bw’ibimera.
Ingaruka za MiZax ku miterere y'ibimera n'umusaruro wa sitroberi (ubwoko bwa Sweet Charlie) bwaturutse mu mirima ya KAU, zakozwe mu 2022. Amakuru agaragaza impuzandengo ± ihindagurika risanzwe. n ≥ 15, ariko umubare w'imbuto kuri buri gice wabazwe ku mpuzandengo uhereye ku bimera 15 byaturutse mu mirima itatu (n = 3). Isesengura ry'imibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry'uburyo bumwe bw'impinduka (ANOVA) n'ikizamini cya Tukey nyuma ya hoc cyangwa ikizamini cya t cy'abanyeshuri gifite imirizo ibiri. Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibare ugereranije n'isuzuma (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Twabonye kandi ibikorwa nk'ibi byo gukangura imikurire ugereranyije n'uburemere bw'imbuto n'ibimera mu bwoko bwa strawberries zo mu bwoko bwa Festival (Ishusho ya 5), ariko, nta tandukaniro rigaragara twabonye mu mubare wose w'imbuto kuri buri kimera cyangwa kuri buri gice (Ishusho ya 5); . Igishimishije ni uko gukoresha MiZax byongereye uburebure bw'ibimera n'umubare wa stolons, bigaragaza ko izi ngamba zigenzura imikurire y'ibimera zishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikurire y'imbuto (Ishusho ya 5). Byongeye kandi, twapimye ibipimo byinshi bya biochemical kugira ngo dusobanukirwe ubwiza bw'imbuto z'ibimera bibiri byakusanyijwe mu murima, ariko nta tandukaniro twabonye hagati y'uburyo bwose bwo kuvura (Ishusho y'inyongera S7; Ishusho y'inyongera S8).
Ingaruka za MiZax ku miterere y'ibimera n'umusaruro wa sitroberi mu murima wa KAU (ubwoko bw'iserukiramuco), 2022. Amakuru ni impuzandengo ± ihinduka risanzwe. n ≥ 15, ariko umubare w'imbuto kuri buri murima wabazwe ku mpuzandengo uhereye ku bimera 15 bivuye mu mirima itatu (n = 3). Isesengura ry'ibarurishamibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry'uburyo bumwe bw'impinduka (ANOVA) n'ikizamini cya Tukey nyuma ya hoc cyangwa ikizamini cya t cy'abanyeshuri gifite imirizo ibiri. Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibare ugereranije n'isuzuma (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Mu bushakashatsi bwacu ku mbuto z'inkeri, ibikorwa bya MiZax3 na MiZax5 mu miterere y'ibinyabuzima byagaragaye ko bitandukanye. Twabanje gusuzuma ingaruka zo kuvura (T) n'umwaka (Y) ku bwoko bumwe (Sweet Charlie) dukoresheje ANOVA y'uburyo bubiri kugira ngo tumenye uko zikora (T x Y). Bityo, GA nta ngaruka yagize ku bwoko bw'inkeri (Sweet Charlie), mu gihe 5 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 byongereye cyane ibimera n'imbuto (Ishusho ya 6), bigaragaza ko uburyo bwo kuvura bwa MiZax zombi bungana cyane mu guteza imbere umusaruro w'inkeri.
Suzuma ingaruka zo kuvura 5 µM (T), umwaka (Y) n'uburyo bikorana (T x Y) ku mpandesharubu (cv. Sweet Charlie). Amakuru agaragaza impuzandengo ± ihindagurika risanzwe. n ≥ 30. Isesengura ry'imibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry'uburyo bubiri bw'impinduka (ANOVA). Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibare ugereranije no kwigana (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'uko ibikorwa bya MiZax kuri ubwo bwoko bubiri byari bitandukanye gato (Ishusho ya 4; Ishusho ya 5), twakoze uburyo bwo kugereranya uburyo bwo kuvura (T) n'ubwoko bubiri (C). Ubwa mbere, nta buryo bwo kuvura bwagize ingaruka ku mubare w'imbuto kuri buri gice cy'ubutaka (Ishusho ya 7), bigaragaza ko nta mikoranire igaragara hagati ya (T x C) kandi bigaragaza ko MiZax cyangwa HA ntacyo bigira ku mubare w'imbuto zose. Mu buryo bunyuranye, MiZax (ariko atari HA) yongereye cyane uburemere bw'ibimera, uburemere bw'imbuto, stolons n'ibimera bishya (Ishusho ya 7), bigaragaza ko MiZax3 na MiZax5 bitera imbere cyane mu gukura kw'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibimera by'ibimera by'ibimera. Dushingiye ku buryo bwo kuvura (T x Y) na (T x C), dushobora kwemeza ko ibikorwa byo guteza imbere iterambere rya MiZax3 na MiZax5 mu gihe cy'imirima bisa cyane kandi bihoraho.
Isuzuma ry'uburyo umuti wa sitroberi ukoreshwa na 5 µM (T), ubwoko bubiri (C) n'uburyo ukorana nabwo (T x C). Amakuru agaragaza impuzandengo ± ihindagurika risanzwe. n ≥ 30, ariko umubare w'imbuto kuri buri gice wabazwe ku mpuzandengo uhereye ku bimera 15 bivuye mu bice bitatu (n = 6). Isesengura ry'imibare ryakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri bwo gusesengura itandukaniro (ANOVA). Inyenyeri zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye ugereranije n'isuzuma (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ntabwo ari ingenzi). HA - aside humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Amaherezo, twakoresheje isesengura ry’ibice by’ingenzi (PCA) kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka z’ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa ku birayi (T x Y) na strawberry (T x C). Iyi mibare igaragaza ko umuti wa HA usa na acetone mu birayi cyangwa mu mazi mu strawberry (Ishusho ya 8), bigaragaza ingaruka nto nziza ku mikurire y’ibimera. Igishimishije ni uko ingaruka rusange za MiZax3 na MiZax5 zagaragaje ko ibinyabutabire bikwirakwira kimwe (Ishusho ya 8A), mu gihe uko ibi binyabutabire bibiri bikwirakwira mu strawberry byari bitandukanye (Ishusho ya 8B). Nubwo MiZax3 na MiZax5 byagaragaje ko umusaruro w’ibimera ukwirakwira cyane, isesengura rya PCA ryagaragaje ko ibikorwa byo kugenzura imikurire bishobora guterwa n’ubwoko bw’ibimera.
Isesengura ry'ibice by'ingenzi (PCA) bya (A) ibirayi (T x Y) na (B) inkeri (T x C). Gutanga amanota ku matsinda yombi. Umurongo uhuza buri gice uyobora hagati mu itsinda.
Muri make, hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwacu butanu bwigenga ku bihingwa bibiri bifite agaciro gakomeye kandi bujyanye na raporo zacu za mbere kuva mu 2020 kugeza mu 202226,27, MiZax3 na MiZax5 ni abagenzuzi b’imikurire y’ibimera bafite icyizere bashobora kunoza imikurire n’umusaruro w’ibimera. , harimo ibinyampeke, ibimera by’ibiti (ibiti by’imikindo) n’imbuto z’ibihingwa 26,27. Nubwo uburyo bw’uturemangingo burenze ibikorwa byabyo by’ibinyabuzima bukomeje kugaragara, bufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoreshwa mu murima. Ikiruta byose, ugereranije na aside humic, MiZax ikoreshwa mu rugero ruto cyane (urugero rwa micromolar cyangwa miligarama) kandi ingaruka nziza ziragaragara cyane. Bityo, dupima igipimo cya MiZax3 kuri buri gipimo (kuva ku gipimo gito kugeza ku gipimo kinini): 3, 6 cyangwa 12 g/ha, n’igipimo cya MiZx5: 4, 7 cyangwa 13 g/ha, bigatuma izi PGR ziba ingirakamaro mu kunoza umusaruro w’ibihingwa. Birashoboka cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-29-2024