Ibihumyo byo mu bwoko bwa Kosakonia oryziphila NP19 bishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti utera imbaraga mu gukura kw'ibimera no mu kwica udukoko mu rwego rwo gukumira ubwoko bwa KDML105 bw'umuceri.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko fungus ya rhizosphere *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 yakuwe mu mizi y'umuceri ari umuti wica udukoko twiza cyane kandi utera imbaraga mu gukura kw'ibimera mu rwego rwo kurwanya guturika k'umuceri guterwa na *Pyricularia oryzae*. Igerageza ryakozwe mu buryo bwa vitro ku mababi mashya y'imbuto z'umuceri wa jasmine zo mu bwoko bwa Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105). Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko NP19 yabujije neza kumera kwa *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia. Ubwandu bwa *Pyricularia oryzae* bwakumiriwe mu buryo butatu butandukanye bwo kuvura: ubwa mbere, umuceri washyizwe mu bwoko bwa NP19 hanyuma uterwa *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia; ubwa kabiri, hashyizweho uruvange rwa NP19 na *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia ku mababi;
Bagiteri ya rhizosphere *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19¹⁴yakuwe mu mizi y'umuceri (*Oryza sativa* L. cv. RD6). *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 ifite ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere gukura kw'ibimera, harimo no gufata azote, gukora aside indoleacetic (IAA), no gushonga kwa fosifate. Igishimishije ni uko *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 ikora chitinase^14.Gukoresha *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 mu mbuto z'umuceri za KDML105 byatumye umuceri ukomeza kubaho nyuma yo kwandura indwara y'umuceri. Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi ni ukugaragaza uburyo *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 igabanya ubushyuhe bw'umuceri no (ii) gusuzuma ingaruka za *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umuceri.

Intungamubiri zigira uruhare runini mu mikurire n'imikurire y'ibimera, zikaba ari ibintu bigenzura indwara zitandukanye za mikorobe. Intungamubiri z'ibimera zigena uburyo birwanya indwara, imiterere yabyo cyangwa imiterere y'ingingo, n'ubukana bwabyo, cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kubaho mu gihe habayeho indwara zandura. Fosifore ishobora kugabanya iterambere no kugabanya ubukana bw'ibyuka by'umuceri binyuze mu kongera ingano y'ibintu bya phenolic. Potasiyumu muri rusange igabanya indwara nyinshi z'umuceri, nko kwibasira umuceri, kwibasira amababi ya bagiteri, kwibasira amababi, kubora kw'ibishishwa, n'ukwibasira amababi. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Perrenoud bwerekanye ko ifumbire mvaruganda irimo potasiyumu nyinshi ishobora kandi kugabanya indwara za fungi z'umuceri no kongera umusaruro. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko ifumbire mvaruganda ya sulfur ishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'ibihingwa bwo kurwanya indwara za fungi.²⁷Magnesium irenze urugero (igice cya chlorophyll) ishobora gutera umuceri kwirabura.²¹Zinc ishobora kwica indwara zitaziguye, bityo ikagabanya ubukana bw'indwara.²²Igerageza ryo mu murima ryagaragaje ko nubwo ingano ya fosifore, potasiyumu, sulfure, na zinc mu butaka bwo mu murima yari hejuru ugereranyije n’iyakoreshejwe mu igerageza ry’inkono, ubwinshi bw’umuceri bwarakwirakwiriye mu mababi y’umuceri. Intungamubiri zo mu butaka zishobora kuba zidafite akamaro kanini mu kurwanya ubwinshi bw’umuceri, kuko ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bidakwiriye kwandura cyane udukoko.
Mu igeragezwa ry’umurima, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, P. dispersa, Xanthomonas sacchari, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia diffusa, Burkholderia vietnamiensis na C. gleum byagaragaye mu buvuzi bwose. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia yakuwe mu bwoko bwa rhizosphere bw’ingano, ingano, concombre, ibigori, n’ibirayi kandi yagaragaje ko igenzura ry’ibinyabuzima.^igikorwakurwanya Colletotrichum nymphaeae.28 Byongeye kandi, P. dispersa byavuzwe ko igira ingaruka ku mukara^{kubora kwa}Ibijumba.29 Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwa R1 bwa Xanthomonas sacchari bwagaragaje ko burwanya umuceri ucika ndetse n'ububore bwa panicle buterwa na Burkholderia^glumae.30Burkholderia oryzae NP19 ishobora gushyiraho isano ifitanye isano n’ibinyabutabire by’umuceri mu gihe cyo kumera no kuba fungus zikundana ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw’umuceri. Mu gihe izindi bagiteri zo mu butaka zishobora kwibasira umuceri nyuma yo guterwa, fungus NP19, imaze kwibasira, igira ingaruka ku bintu byinshi mu buryo bwo kwirinda umuceri kuri iyi ndwara. NP19 ntigabanya gusa gukura kwa P. oryzae ku kigero kirenga 50% (reba Imbonerahamwe y’inyongera S1 ku mugereka wo kuri interineti), ahubwo inagabanya umubare w’ibisebe ku mababi no kongera umusaruro w’umuceri watewe cyangwa wakuwemo NP19 (RBf, RFf-B, na RBFf-B) mu igerageza ryo mu murima (Ishusho S3).
Igihumyo cyitwa Pyricularia oryzae, gitera ubwinshi bw'ibimera, ni igihumyo cyo mu bwoko bwa hemittrophic gikenera intungamubiri zikomoka ku bimera byacyo mu gihe cyo kwandura. Ibimera bikora ubwoko bwa ogisijeni (ROS) kugira ngo bihagarare indwara z'ibihumyo; icyakora, Pyricularia oryzae ikoresha ingamba zitandukanye kugira ngo irwanye ROS ikorerwa n'ibimera.³¹Peroxidases zigira uruhare mu kurwanya indwara, harimo guhuza poroteyine zo ku rukuta rw'uturemangingo, kwiyongera kw'inkuta za xylem, gukora ROS, no guhagarika peroxide ya hydrogen.³²Enzymes zirwanya ogisijeni zishobora gukora nk'uburyo bwihariye bwo gukusanya ROS. Binyuze mu miterere yazo ya ogisijeni, superoxide dismutase (SOD) na peroxidase (POD) bifasha gutangiza ibikorwa byo kwirinda, naho SOD ikaba ari yo nzira ya mbere yo kwirinda.³³Mu muceri, imikorere ya peroxidase y’ibimera iterwa nyuma yo kwandura udukoko twanduza ibimera nka *Pyricularia oryzae* na *Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae*.³²Muri ubu bushakashatsi, imikorere ya peroxidase yiyongereye mu muceri wakuwemo cyangwa watewe *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19; icyakora, *Magnaporthe oryzae* ntabwo yagize ingaruka ku mikorere ya peroxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), nka H₂O₂ synthase, itera imbaraga kugabanya O₂⁻ kuri H₂O₂. SOD igira uruhare runini mu kurwanya ibimera ku mihangayiko itandukanye binyuze mu kuringaniza ubwinshi bwa H₂O₂ imbere mu kimera, bityo yongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imihangayiko itandukanye³⁴. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, mu igerageza ry’inkono, iminsi 30 nyuma yo gutera *Magnaporthe oryzae* (30 DAT), ibikorwa bya SOD mu matsinda ya RF na RBF byari 121.9% na 104.5% hejuru y’ibyo mu itsinda rya R, uko bikurikirana, bigaragaza ko SOD yakira ubwandu bwa *Magnaporthe oryzae*. Mu igerageza ryakozwe mu nkono no mu murima, ibikorwa bya SOD mu muceri wa *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19 wari ufite impumuro mbi byari hejuru ya 67.7% na 28.8% ugereranyije n’ibiri mu muceri utari ufite impumuro mbi nyuma y’iminsi 30 watewe impumuro mbi. Uburyo ibimera bikoresha impumuro mbi mu bimera bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije, aho bituruka, ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ibimera. Ibikorwa bya enzymes zirwanya impumuro mbi mu bimera bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije, ibyo bigatuma impumuro mbi mu bimera zihindura ubwoko bw’udukoko.
Indwara y'umuceri (Kosakonia oryziphila NP19, NCBI accession nomero PP861312) yakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi yari ubwoko bw'ibihumyo.¹³yakuwe mu mizi y'umuceri RD6 mu Ntara ya Nakhon Phanom, muri Tayilande (16° 59′ 42.9″ N 104° 22′ 17.9″ E). Uru bwoko bwatewe mu mufa w'intungamubiri (NB) kuri 30°C na 150 rpm mu gihe cy'amasaha 18. Kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano ya bagiteri, hapimwe uburyo bagiteri yinjiza ku gipimo cya 600 nm. Igipimo cya bagiteri yashyizwe mu cyiciro cya^10⁶CFU/mL hamwe n'amazi yanduye yakuwemo ioni (_dH₂O). Ibihumyo bya Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) byashyizwe ku kirahuri cya potato dextrose agar (PDA) hanyuma bishyirwa ku bushyuhe bwa 25°C mu gihe cy'iminsi 7. Mycelium y'ibihumyo yimuriwe mu kirahuri cya agar cy'umuceri (2% (w/v) cy'umuceri, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, na 2% (w/v) agar yashongeshejwe mu mazi yakuwemo ayoni, pH 7) hanyuma bishyirwa ku bushyuhe bwa 25°C mu gihe cy'iminsi 7. Ikibabi cyasizwe cy'umuceri ushobora kwangirika (KDML105) cyashyizwe kuri mycelium kugira ngo gitere conidia maze gishyirwa ku bushyuhe bwa 25°C mu gihe cy'iminsi 5 munsi y'urumuri rwa UV n'umweru. Conidia yakusanyijwe hahanagurwa buhoro ubuso bwa mycelium n'amababi yanduye hakoreshejwe 10 ml y'umuti wasizwe 0.025% (v/v) Tween 20. Umuti wa funga wayunguruwe mu byiciro umunani bya cheesecloth kugira ngo ukureho mycelium, agar, n'amababi y'umuceri. Igipimo cya conidia mu gufunga cyahinduwe kuri 5 × 10⁵ conidia / ml kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu bushakashatsi.
Imiterere mishya y’uturemangingo twa Kosakonia oryziphila NP19 yateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gucukura mu buryo bwa NB kuri 37 °C mu gihe cy’amasaha 24. Nyuma yo gucukura (3047 × g, iminota 10), agace k’uturemangingo karakusanyijwe, kakaraba kabiri hamwe na saline ya 10 mM phosphate-buffered (PBS, pH 7.2), hanyuma gashyirwa mu buryo bumwe. Ubucucike bw’uturemangingo bwapimwe kuri 600 nm, bugera ku gaciro ka 1.0 (kangana na 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μl bigenwa no gupfunyika ku masahani y’intungamubiri). Conidia ya P. oryzae yabonetse binyuze mu kuyimanika mu gisubizo cya PBS no kuyibara hakoreshejwe hemocytometer. Imiterere ya *K. oryziphila* NP19 na *P. Ku igerageza ryo gupima amababi, K. oryphila* conidia yateguwe ku mababi mashya y'umuceri ku gipimo cya 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μL na 5.0 × 10² conidia/μL, uko bikurikirana. Uburyo bwo gutegura icyitegererezo cy'umuceri bwari ubu bukurikira: Amababi y'uburebure bwa cm 5 y'ibiti by'umuceri yaciwe ashyirwa mu masahani ya Petri ashyizwemo impapuro zitose. Hashyizweho amatsinda atanu yo kuvura: (i) R: amababi y'umuceri adafite bagiteri nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura, yongeweho 0.025% (v/v) Hagati y'umuti wa 20; (ii) RB + F: umuceri wateweho K. oryphila NP19, wongeweho 2 μL ya conidia suspension y'ibihumyo bitera blasting y'umuceri; (iii) R + BF: Umuceri wo mu itsinda R wongeweho 4 μl y'uruvange rwa blast fungal conidia suspension na K. oryphila NP19 (igipimo cy'ingano 1:1); (iv) R + F: Umuceri wo mu itsinda R wongeweho 2 μl y’umusemburo wa blast fungal conidia; (v) RF + B: Umuceri wo mu itsinda R wongeweho 2 μl y’umusemburo wa blast fungal conidia wongeweho amasaha 30, hanyuma 2 μl ya K. oryziphila NP19 yongerwaho ahantu hamwe. Amafunguro yose ya Petri yongeweho kuri 25°C mu mwijima mu gihe cy'amasaha 30 hanyuma ashyirwa mu mucyo udashira. Buri tsinda ryagizwe mu byiciro bitatu. Nyuma y'amasaha 72 yo guhingwa, uturemangingo tw'ibimera twarebwe kandi dusesengurwa hakoreshejwe scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Muri make, uturemangingo tw'ibimera twashyizwe muri phosphate buffer irimo 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde hanyuma tunyurwamo amazi binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwa ethanol. Nyuma yo kumanika ahantu hakomeye hakoreshejwe dioxyde de carbone, ingero zasizweho zahabu hanyuma zisuzumwa hakoreshejwe microscope ya scanning electron.¹⁵