Noneho ko tuvuga ku muti wica udukoko wa nicotinic dinotefuran wo mu gisekuru cya gatatu, reka tubanze dusobanure uburyo imiti yica udukoko ya nicotinic ishyirwa mu byiciro.
Ingano ya mbere y'ibikomoka kuri nikotine: imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid. Igice cy'ingenzi ni 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, iri mu itsinda rya chloropyridyl.
Ibikomoka kuri nikotine byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri: thiamethoxam), clothianidin. Igice cy'ingenzi ni 2-chloro-5-chloromethylthiazole, iri mu itsinda rya chlorothiazolyl.
Itsinda rya gatatu ry’ibikomoka kuri nikotine: dinotefuran, itsinda rya tetrahydrofuran risimbura itsinda rya chloro, kandi ntiririmo ibintu bya halogen.
Uburyo bwo kwica udukoko twa nikotine ni ukugira uruhare mu mitsi ikwirakwiza udukoko, bigatuma dushyuha cyane, tugacika intege kandi tugapfa, kandi bigira ingaruka zo kwica udukoko no kuvura igifu. Ugereranyije na nikotine gakondo, dinotefuran ntabwo irimo ibintu bya halogen, kandi gushonga kwayo mu mazi birakomeye, bivuze ko dinotefuran yoroshye kuyinjiza; kandi uburozi bwayo mu kanwa ku nzuki ni 1/4.6 gusa cy’ubwa thiamethoxam, uburozi bwo mu kanwa ni kimwe cya kabiri cya thiamethoxam.
Kugeza ku ya 30 Kanama 2022, igihugu cyanjye gifite ibyemezo 25 byo kwiyandikisha ku bicuruzwa bya tekiniki bya dinofuran; ibyemezo 164 byo kwiyandikisha ku gipimo kimwe n'ibyemezo 111 byo kwiyandikisha ku bivange, harimo n'imiti 51 yica udukoko mu buryo bw'isuku.
Imiterere y’ibipimo byanditswe irimo utunyangingo dushonga, ibitera guhagarara, utunyangingo dutambuka mu mazi, ibitera gutwikira imbuto, utunyangingo, nibindi, kandi igipimo kimwe ni 0.025%-70%.
Ibikoresho bivanze birimo pymetrozine, spirotetramat, pyridaben, bifenthrin, nibindi.
01 Dinofuran + Pymetrozine
Pymetrozine ifite ingaruka nziza cyane ku mikorere y’uturemangingo, kandi ingaruka z’imikorere yihuse ya dinotefuran ni inyungu igaragara y’uyu muti. Utwo turemangingo dufite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Iyo dukoreshejwe hamwe, udukoko dupfa vuba kandi ingaruka zigakomeza igihe kirekire.02Dinotefuran + Spirotetramat
Iyi formula ni formula y’udusimba twa aphids, thrips, na whiteflies. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe no kwamamaza no gukoresha ahantu hatandukanye ndetse n’ibitekerezo by’abakoresha, ingaruka ziracyari nziza cyane.
03Dinotefuran + Pyriproxyfen
Pyriproxyfen ni umuti wo kwica ovayike ukora neza cyane, mu gihe dinotefuran ikora neza ku bantu bakuru gusa. Uruvange rw'ibi byombi rushobora kwica amagi yose. Iyi formula ni umufatanyabikorwa w'indashyikirwa.
04Imiti yica udukoko ya Dinotefuran + Pyrethroid
Iyi formula ishobora kunoza cyane ingaruka zo kwica udukoko. Imiti yica udukoko ya pyrethroid ubwayo ni imiti yica udukoko ifite imiterere myinshi. Guhuza ibi byombi bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo kudakira imiti, ndetse bishobora no kuvura udukoko tw’inyenzi. Ni formula yamamajwe cyane n’abakora iyi miti mu myaka ya vuba aha.
Umuti wo gukemura ikibazo
Ibice by'ingenzi bigize dinotefuran ni tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine na O-methyl-N-nitroisourea.
Umusaruro wa tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine wiganje cyane muri Zhejiang, Hubei na Jiangsu, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuwukora burahagije kugira ngo uhuze n'ikoreshwa rya dinotefuran.
Umusaruro wa O-methyl-N-nitroisourea wibanda cyane cyane muri Hebei, Hubei na Jiangsu. Ni wo musaruro w’ingenzi cyane wa dinotefuran bitewe n’uburyo buteje akaga bukoreshwa mu gukora nitrification.
01Dinotefuran ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiti yica udukoko n'uburyo ikoreshwa, kuva ku miti yica udukoko kugeza ku miti isuku, kuva ku dukoko duto kugeza ku dukoko tunini, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza zo kuyirwanya.
02Kubera ko dinotefuran ishobora kuvangwa neza, ishobora kuvangwa n'imiti itandukanye yica udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko, kandi byoroshye kuyikoresha; imiterere yayo ikungahaye ku bwinshi, kandi ishobora gukorwamo ifumbire mvaruganda, ikoreshwa mu gusiga imbuto, n'ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti.
03Umuceri ukoreshwa mu kurwanya inkeri n'ibiti by'inyenzi, ukoresheje umuti umwe n'ibindi bibiri byica. Ni igiciro gito kandi uzaba isoko rikomeye ry'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya dinotefuran.
04Kubera ko uburyo bwo kwirinda kuguruka buzwi cyane, dinotefuran ishongeshwa byoroshye mu mazi, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu kwirinda kuguruka. Gukwirakwiza uburyo bwo gukumira kuguruka bizatanga amahirwe make ku isoko ry’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza rya dinotefuran.
05D-enantiomeri ya dinotefuran ahanini itanga uburyo bwo kwica udukoko, mu gihe L-enantiomeri ifite uburozi bwinshi ku nzuki z'ubuki zo mu Butaliyani. Bikekwa ko hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, dinotefuran, ifite ubuzima bwiza ku bidukikije, izaca mu mutego wayo wo gukura.
06Ishyira imbere ibihingwa byihariye, kuko inyo z’ibitunguru n’inyo z’ibitunguru zirushaho kurwanya imiti isanzwe, dinotefuran yagize uruhare runini mu kurwanya udukoko tw’inyo, kandi ikoreshwa rya dinotefuran mu bihingwa byihariye rizatanga amasoko mashya n’amabwiriza yo guteza imbere dinotefuran.
07Iterambere rihendutse. Imbogamizi ikomeye igira ingaruka ku iterambere rya dinotefuran yahoraga ari igiciro cyo hejuru cy'umuti w'umwimerere n'ikiguzi cyo kuwukoresha kiri hejuru cyane. Ariko, igiciro cya dinotefuran ubu kiri ku rwego rwo hasi mu mateka. Kubera igabanuka ry'igiciro, igipimo cy'igiciro n'imikorere ya dinotefuran cyarushijeho kugaragara. Twizera ko iterambere ry'igipimo cy'imikorere n'ibiciro bitanga amahirwe menshi ku iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya dinotefuran.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 21 Nzeri 2022