Abantu bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo birinde kurumwa n'imibu. Batwika amase y'inka, ibishishwa bya kokonati, cyangwa ikawa. Banywa gin na tonic. Barya imineke. Bisiga amavuta yoza mu kanwa cyangwa bakisiga amavuta mu cyuma cy'inzoga/alcool. Baniyumisha na Bounce. Immo Hansen, PhD, umwarimu mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubushakashatsi ku Binyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Leta ya New Mexico yagize ati: “Urabizi, ayo mashuka ahumura neza ushyira mu cyuma cyumura.”
Nta na bumwe muri ubu buryo bwageragejwe kugira ngo harebwe niba koko bwirukana imibu. Ariko ibyo ntibyabujije abantu kugerageza, nk'uko byagaragajwe n'ubushakashatsi buzashyirwa ahagaragara muri iki gihembwe cya vuba na Hansen na mugenzi we Stacy Rodriguez, uyobora laboratwari ya Hansen muri Kaminuza ya New Mexico State. Stacy Rodriguez yiga uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara ziterwa n'imibu. We na bagenzi be babajije abantu 5.000 uburyo bwo kwirinda kurumwa n'imibu. Abantu benshi bakoreshaga imiti gakondo yica imibu.
Abashakashatsi babajije ku miti gakondo yo mu rugo. Niho amase y'inka n'impapuro zumisha binjirira. Mu kiganiro, Hansen na Rodriguez basangiye bimwe mu bisubizo bahawe. Inyandiko yabo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru PeerJ cyasuzumwe n'urungano.
Uretse imiti gakondo n'uburyo gakondo bwo kwirinda, hari ubundi buryo bwagaragaye bwo kwirinda imibu n'indwara ikwirakwira. NPR yaganiriye n'abashakashatsi, benshi muri bo bamara igihe kinini mu mashyamba, mu bishanga no mu turere dushyuha twiganjemo imibu.
Ibicuruzwa birimo DEET byagaragaye ko bifite umutekano kandi bifite akamaro. DEET ni incamake y'ikinyabutabire N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, ari na cyo kintu kigize akamaro mu miti myinshi yica udukoko. Inyandiko yo mu 2015 yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Journal of Insect Science yarebye ku mikorere y'imiti itandukanye yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, maze isanga ibicuruzwa birimo DEET bifite akamaro kandi biramba. Rodriguez na Hansen nibo banditse ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2015, babukoporoye mu nyandiko yo mu 2017 muri icyo kinyamakuru.
DEET yageze mu maduka mu 1957. Mbere na mbere hari impungenge ku mutekano wayo, bamwe bavuga ko ishobora gutera ibibazo by'imitsi. Ariko, isuzuma riheruka, nk'inyigo yo muri Kamena 2014 yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Parasites and Vectors, ivuga ko "ibizamini by'inyamaswa, inyigo zo kwitegereza, n'igerageza ry'ubutabazi nta bimenyetso byagaragaje ingaruka mbi zikomeye zijyanye no gukoresha DEET nk'uko byasabwe."
DEET si yo ntwaro yonyine. Ibicuruzwa birimo picaridin na IR 3535 bifite akamaro kangana, nk'uko bivugwa na Dr. Dan Strickman wo muri Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Global Health Program (umuterankunga wa NPR) akaba n'umwanditsi w'igitabo Preventing Dukes, Stings, and Disease.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara kivuga ko imiti yica udukoko irimo kimwe muri ibi bintu bikora neza kandi ifite akamaro. Iyi miti yica udukoko ikoreshwa cyane hirya no hino ku isi.
"Picaridinbigira ingaruka nziza kurushaDEETkandi bisa nkaho byirukana imibu,” uko ni ko yabivuze. Iyo abantu bakoresheje DEET, imibu ishobora kubagwaho ariko ntikurume. Iyo bakoresheje imiti irimo picaridin, imibu yari ifite amahirwe make yo kugwaho. Imiti irimo IR 3535 ntabwo igira akamaro gake, nk'uko Strickman yabivuze, ariko ntabwo igira impumuro ikomeye nk'indi miti.
Hariho kandi petrolatum lemon eucalyptus (PMD), amavuta karemano akomoka ku mababi n'amashami y'igiti cy'inkarusu ahumura neza, kandi CDC irabisaba. PMD ni yo mavuta agize amavuta yirukana udukoko. Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya New Mexico State basanze amavuta arimo amavuta y'inkarusu y'inkarusu afite akamaro nk'ayari arimo DEET, kandi ingaruka zabyo zimara igihe kirekire. Rodriguez agira ati: “Hari abantu bafite isoni zo gukoresha imiti ku ruhu rwabo. Bakunda ibintu karemano byinshi.”
Mu 2015, havumbuwe ikintu gitangaje: Impumuro ya Victoria's Secret ya Bombshell mu by'ukuri yari ifite akamaro cyane mu kwirukana imibu. Hansen na Rodriguez bavuze ko bayishyize mu bicuruzwa byabo byageragejwe nk'igenzura ryiza kuko batekerezaga ko impumuro yayo y'indabyo ikurura imibu. Byagaragaye ko imibu yanga impumuro.
Ubushakashatsi bwabo buheruka, bwo mu 2017, nabwo bwatanze ibintu bitangaje. Iki gikoresho cyitwa Off Clip-On, gifatanye n'imyenda kandi kirimo metofluthrin yica udukoko mu karere, nayo isabwa na CDC. Igikoresho cyo kwambara cyagenewe abantu bicaye ahantu hamwe, nk'ababyeyi bareba umukino wa softball. Uwambaye agapfukamunwa acana umufana muto ukoresha batiri uhuha igicu gito cy'umukungugu wica mu kirere kikikije uwambaye. Hansen yagize ati: "Mu by'ukuri birakora," yongeraho ko gikora neza mu kwirukana udukoko nka DEET cyangwa amavuta ya eucalyptus y'indimu.
Si ibicuruzwa byose bitanga umusaruro nk'uko bisezeranya. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2015 bwagaragaje ko uduce twa vitamine B1 tudafite akamaro mu kwirukana imibu. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2017 bwagaragaje ko buji za citronella ari zimwe mu bicuruzwa bitirukana imibu.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ko imishumi n'imishumi byitwa ko byirukana imibu ntibirukana imibu. Ibi bicuruzwa birimo amavuta atandukanye, harimo citronella na lemongrass.
Rodriguez yagize ati: “Nari nararumwe n'imibu ku mikandara napimye. Bamamaza iyi mikandara n'ibitambaro nk'uburinzi kuri Zika [virusi iterwa n'umubu ishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye mu babyeyi batwite], ariko iyi mikandara ntacyo ikora na gato.”
Ibikoresho bya Ultrasonic, bisohora amajwi abantu badashobora kumva ariko abacuruza bavuga ko imibu yanga, na byo ntibikora. Hansen yagize ati: “Ibikoresho bya Ultrasonic twagerageje ntacyo byatanze mbere.” “Twagerageje ibindi bikoresho mbere. Ntibyagize icyo bikora. Nta gihamya cya siyansi kigaragaza ko imibu yirukanwa n’amajwi.”
Impuguke zivuga ko muri rusange ari byiza gukurikiza amabwiriza y’uruganda. Niba abantu bagiye kuba hanze mu gihe cy’isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri, bagomba gukoresha ibicuruzwa birimo DEET nkeya (aho ikirango kivuga hafi 10 ku ijana) kugira ngo birinde. Dr. Jorge Rey, umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Laboratwari y’ubuvuzi y’udukoko muri Florida i Vero Beach, yavuze ko niba abantu bagiye kuba mu mashyamba, mu mashyamba, cyangwa mu bishanga, bagomba gukoresha DEET nyinshi - 20 ku ijana kugeza kuri 25 ku ijana - kandi bakayihindura buri masaha ane. Rey yagize ati: "Uko ubwinshi burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko bumara igihe kirekire."
Na none, kurikiza amabwiriza y’uruganda rukora imiti. “Abantu benshi batekereza ko iyo ari nziza ku rugero ruto, iba nziza kurushaho ku rugero rwinshi,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Dr. William Reisen, umwarimu ucyuye igihe muri Kaminuza ya California, Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Amatungo rya Davis. “Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko wiyuhagira muri iyo miti.”
Iyo Ray agiye mu turere twibasiwe n’udukoko, nka Pariki y’Igihugu ya Everglades yo muri Florida, gukora ubushakashatsi, yambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda. Yagize ati: “Tuzambara amapantaro maremare n’amashati y’amaboko maremare. Niba ari bibi cyane, tuzashyira ingofero zifite imiyoboro ku maso yacu. Twishingikiriza ku bice by’umubiri wacu bigaragara kugira ngo twirukane imibu.” Ibyo bishobora gusobanura amaboko yacu, ijosi, no mu maso. Ariko, abahanga bagira inama yo kutayitera mu maso. Kugira ngo wirinde ububabare bw’amaso, shyira umuti wica udukoko ku maboko yawe, hanyuma uwusige mu maso yawe.
Ntiwibagirwe ibirenge byawe. Imibu ifite impumuro yihariye. Imibu myinshi, cyane cyane imibu ya Aedes ikwirakwiza virusi ya Zika, ikunda impumuro y'ibirenge.
Rodriguez yagize ati: “Kwambara inkweto si igitekerezo cyiza.” Inkweto n'amasogisi ni ngombwa, kandi gushyira ipantalo mu masogisi cyangwa inkweto bizafasha kwirinda ko imibu yinjira mu myenda yawe. Mu duce twiganjemo imibu, yambara ipantalo ndende kandi ntabwo yambara ipantalo ya yoga. “Spandex ntikunda imibu. Iraruca. Nambara ipantalo nini n'amashati y'amaboko maremare nkambara DEET.”
Imibu ishobora kuruma igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi, ariko umubu wa Aedes aegypti ukwirakwiza virusi ya Zika ukunda amasaha ya mugitondo na nimugoroba, nk'uko Strickman yabitangaje. Niba bishoboka, guma mu nzu ufite ibirahuri by'amadirishya cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha muri ibi bihe.
Kubera ko iyi mibu yororokera mu mazi ahagaze mu bikoresho nk'amasafuriya y'indabo, amapine ashaje, indobo n'amasanduku y'imyanda, abantu bagomba gukuraho ahantu hose hari amazi ahagaze hafi yabo. Ray yagize ati: “Ibidendezi byo kogeramo birakwiye igihe cyose bitaratereranwa.” Ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu gutuma ibidendezi bitagira ingaruka mbi nabyo bishobora kwirukana imibu. Hakenewe gukurikiranirwa hafi kugira ngo haboneke ahantu hose hashoboka ho kororokera imibu. Strickman yagize ati: “Nabonye imibu yororokera mu mazi hafi y'aho basiga cyangwa munsi y'ibirahuri abantu bakoresha mu koza amenyo.” Gusukura ahantu hari amazi ahagaze bishobora kugabanya cyane umubare w'imibu.
Uko abantu benshi bakora iyi suku y'ibanze, niko imibu iba mike. Strickman yagize ati: “Bishobora kuba bitameze neza, ariko umubare w'imibu uzagabanuka cyane.”
Hansen yavuze ko laboratwari ye irimo gukora ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gukaraba imibu y’ingabo hakoreshejwe imirasire hanyuma ikayirekura mu bidukikije. Umubu w’ingabo uhura n’uw’ingore, maze ingore itera amagi, ariko amagi ntatere. Iri koranabuhanga ryakwibasira ubwoko runaka, nka umubu wa Aedes aegypti, ukwirakwiza Zika, indwara ya dengue n’izindi ndwara.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2025