Abantu bazajya bakora ibisekeje kugirango birinde inzitiramubu. Batwika amase yinka, ibishishwa bya cocout, cyangwa ikawa. Banywa gin na tonics. Barya ibitoki. Batera kwisuka mu kanwa cyangwa kwikubita agashyi mu gisubizo / inzoga. Barumye kandi hamwe na Bounce. Immo Hansen, PhD, umwarimu mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima muri kaminuza ya Leta ya New Mexico yagize ati: "Urabizi, izo mpapuro zihumura neza washyize mu cyuma".
Nta na bumwe muri ubwo buryo bwageragejwe kugira ngo harebwe niba koko bwirukana imibu. Ariko ibyo ntibyabujije abantu kubagerageza, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara muri iyi mpeshyi na Hansen na mugenzi we Stacy Rodriguez uyobora laboratoire ya Hansen muri kaminuza ya Leta ya New Mexico. Stacy Rodriguez yiga uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara ziterwa n'umubu. We na bagenzi be bakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu 5.000 ku buryo birinda inzitiramubu. Abantu benshi bakoresheje imiti yica imibu gakondo.
Abashakashatsi bahise bababaza ibijyanye n'imiti gakondo yo murugo. Aho niho hinjira amase y'inka n'impapuro zumye. Mu kiganiro, Hansen na Rodriguez basangiye bimwe mu bisubizo bahawe. Impapuro zabo zasohotse mu kinyamakuru Urungano rwasuzumwe.
Usibye imiti ya rubanda no kwirwanaho gakondo, hari ubundi buryo bwagaragaye bwo kwirinda imibu n'indwara bitwara. NPR yaganiriye n'abashakashatsi, benshi muri bo bamara igihe kinini mu mashyamba yanduye imibu, mu bishanga, no mu turere dushyuha.
Ibicuruzwa birimo DEET byagaragaye ko bifite umutekano kandi byiza. DEET ni impfunyapfunyo yimiti N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, nikintu gikora mubintu byinshi byangiza udukoko. Impapuro zo mu 2015 zasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’ubumenyi bw’udukoko zarebye imikorere y’udukoko twica udukoko tw’ubucuruzi dusanga ibicuruzwa birimo DEET bifite akamaro kandi biramba. Rodriguez na Hansen ni bo banditsi b'ubushakashatsi bwa 2015, babiganye mu mpapuro za 2017 mu kinyamakuru kimwe.
DEET yibitse mu bubiko mu 1957. Hari impungenge zabanje ku bijyanye n’umutekano wacyo, ndetse bamwe bavuga ko bishobora gutera ibibazo by’imitsi. Icyakora, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa, nk'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri Kamena 2014 bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Parasites na Vectors, buvuga ko “ibizamini by'inyamaswa, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, ndetse n'ibigeragezo byagaragaye ko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gukoresha DEET.”
DEET ntabwo arintwaro yonyine. Ibicuruzwa birimo ibintu bifatika picaridine na IR 3535 bifite akamaro kanini, nk'uko byavuzwe na Dr. Dan Strickman wo muri gahunda y’ubuzima ku isi ya Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (umuterankunga wa NPR) akaba n'umwanditsi w’ikumira ry'udukoko, udukoko, n'indwara.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara kivuga ko imiti irimo ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikora gifite umutekano kandi cyiza. Izi miti ikoreshwa cyane kwisi.
“Picaridinni byiza kurutaDEETkandi bigaragara ko yirukana imibu. "Ati:" Iyo abantu bakoresheje DEET, imibu irashobora kuyigwamo ariko ntizaruma. Iyo bakoresheje ibicuruzwa birimo picaridine, imibu ntago ishobora no kugwa. Umuti urimo IR 3535 ntabwo ukora neza, Strickman ati, ariko ntibafite umunuko ukomeye wibindi bicuruzwa.
Hariho na petrolatum indimu eucalyptus (PMD), amavuta karemano akomoka kumababi ahumura indimu n'amashami y'ibiti bya eucalyptus, nabyo bisabwa na CDC. PMD ni igice cyamavuta yirukana udukoko. Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Leta ya New Mexico basanze ibicuruzwa birimo amavuta ya eucalyptus y’indimu byagize akamaro nk’ibirimo DEET, kandi ingaruka zimara igihe kirekire. Rodriguez agira ati: "Abantu bamwe bafite agasuzuguro ko gukoresha imiti ku ruhu rwabo. Bahitamo ibicuruzwa bisanzwe."
Muri 2015, havumbuwe ikintu gitangaje: Impumuro ya Bombshell ya Victoria's Secret yari ifite akamaro kanini mu guhashya imibu. Hansen na Rodriguez bavuze ko bongeye ku bicuruzwa byabo bipimishije nk'igenzura ryiza kuko batekerezaga ko impumuro yacyo y’indabyo izakurura imibu. Usanga imibu yanga umunuko.
Ubushakashatsi bwabo buheruka, guhera muri 2017, nabwo bwatanze umusaruro. Igicuruzwa cyitwa Off Clip-On, gifata imyenda kandi kirimo metofluthrin yo mu karere yangiza udukoko, nayo isabwa na CDC. Igikoresho gishobora kwambarwa cyagenewe abantu bicaye ahantu hamwe, nkababyeyi bareba umukino wa softball. Uwambaye mask ahinduranya umuyaga muto ukoreshwa na bateri uhuha igicu gito cyigicu cyangiza mukirere gikikije uwambaye. Hansen yagize ati: "Mu byukuri birakora." Yongeyeho ko ari ingirakamaro mu kurwanya udukoko nka DEET cyangwa amavuta ya eucalyptus.
Ibicuruzwa byose ntabwo bitanga ibisubizo basezeranye. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2015 bwerekanye ko ibishishwa bya vitamine B1 ntacyo byagize mu kurwanya imibu. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2017 bwarimo buji ya citronella mu bicuruzwa bitirukanye imibu.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko ibyo bita imibu yica imibu hamwe n’imigozi bidasubiza inyuma imibu. Ibicuruzwa birimo amavuta atandukanye, harimo citronella na lemongras.
Rodriguez yagize ati: "Nagize inzitiramubu ku gikomo nagerageje." Ati: "Bamamaza aya makariso hamwe na bande mu rwego rwo kwirinda Zika [virusi iterwa n'umubu ishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye ku bagore batwite], ariko iyi mikufi nta cyo ikora."
Ibikoresho bya Ultrasonic, bisohora amajwi abantu badashobora kumva ariko ko abamamaza ibicuruzwa bavuga ko imibu yanga, nayo ntabwo ikora. Hansen yagize ati: "Ibikoresho bya sonic twagerageje nta ngaruka byagize." Ati: "Twigeze kugerageza ibindi bikoresho mbere. Ntabwo byagize ingaruka. Nta bimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko imibu yangwa n'amajwi.
Abahanga bavuga ko muri rusange ari byiza gukurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe. Niba abantu bagiye hanze isaha imwe cyangwa ibiri, bagomba gukoresha ibicuruzwa birimo intumbero nkeya ya DEET (label ivuga hafi 10%) kugirango bakingire. Dr. Jorge Rey, umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Laboratoire y’ubuvuzi ya Florida muri Vero Beach, yavuze ko niba abantu bagiye kuba mu mashyamba, mu mashyamba, cyangwa mu bishanga, bagomba gukoresha urugero rwinshi rwa DEET - 20 ku ijana kugeza kuri 25 ku ijana - bakabihindura nka buri masaha ane. Rey yagize ati: "Iyo kwibanda cyane, niko bimara."
Na none, kurikiza amabwiriza yo gukora. Dr. William Reisen, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Ishuri ry'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo rya Davis yagize ati: “Abantu benshi batekereza ko niba ari byiza ku rugero ruto, ndetse ni byiza ku bwinshi.” “Ntugomba kwiyuhagira muri ibyo bintu.”
Iyo Ray yagiye mu turere twibasiwe n’udukoko, nka Parike ya Everglades ya Floride, kugira ngo akore ubushakashatsi, yambara ibikoresho byo kubarinda. Ati: "Tuzambara ipantaro ndende n'amashati maremare". Ati: "Niba ari bibi rwose, tuzashyira ingofero zifite inshundura mu maso. Twishingikirije ku bice bigize imibiri yacu kugira ngo twirinde imibu." Ibyo bishobora gusobanura amaboko, ijosi, no mumaso. Ariko, abahanga batanga inama yo kwirinda kuyitera mumaso yawe. Kugira ngo wirinde kurakara, shyira imiti mu biganza byawe, hanyuma uyisige mu maso.
Ntiwibagirwe ibirenge byawe. Umubu ufite ibyifuzo byihariye byo guhumura. Imibu myinshi, cyane cyane imibu ya Aedes itwara virusi ya Zika, nkumunuko wibirenge.
Rodriguez yagize ati: "Kwambara inkweto ntabwo ari igitekerezo cyiza." Inkweto n'amasogisi ni ngombwa, kandi kwinjiza ipantaro mu masogisi cyangwa inkweto bizafasha kwirinda imibu kwinjira mu myenda yawe. Mu turere twanduye imibu, yambara ipantaro ndende kandi rwose ntabwo ipantaro yoga. Ati: "Spandex irwanya imibu. Barayinyuzamo. Nambara ipantaro yuzuye imifuka n'amashati maremare kandi nshyira DEET."
Strickman yavuze ko imibu ishobora kuruma igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi, ariko umubu wa Aedes aegypti utwara virusi ya Zika ukunda amasaha ya mugitondo na nimugoroba. Niba bishoboka, guma mu nzu hamwe na ecran ya ecran cyangwa konderasi muri ibi bihe.
Kubera ko iyi mibu yororoka mu mazi ahagaze mu bikoresho nk'inkono z'indabyo, amapine ashaje, indobo n'amabati, abantu bagomba kuvana ahantu hose amazi ahagaze hafi yabo. Ray yagize ati: "Ibidengeri byo koga biremewe igihe cyose bitatereranywe." Imiti ikoreshwa mugukora ibidendezi birashobora kandi kwirukana imibu. Gukurikiranirwa hafi birasabwa gushakisha ahantu hose hashobora kororerwa imibu. Strickman yagize ati: "Nabonye imibu yororoka muri firime y'amazi hafi yo kurohama cyangwa munsi yikirahure abantu bakoresha mu koza amenyo." Gusukura ahantu h'amazi ahagaze birashobora kugabanya cyane umubare w’imibu.
Abantu benshi bakora iri suku ryibanze, hazaba imibu mike. Strickman yagize ati: "Ntabwo bishobora kuba byiza, ariko umubare w’umubu uzagabanuka cyane."
Hansen yavuze ko laboratoire ye irimo gukora ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kwanduza imibu y'abagabo hakoreshejwe imirasire hanyuma ikayirekura mu bidukikije. Umubu wumugabo uhuza numugore, numugore utera amagi, ariko amagi ntayo. Ikoranabuhanga ryibasira amoko yihariye, nk'umubu wa Aedes aegypti, ukwirakwiza Zika, umuriro wa dengue n'izindi ndwara.
Itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya Massachusetts ririmo gukora imiti igabanya imibu izaguma ku ruhu kandi ikamara amasaha cyangwa iminsi, nk'uko byatangajwe na Dr. Abrar Karan, umuganga w’ibitaro bya Brigham n’ibitaro by’abagore. Ni umwe mu bahimbye Isaha 72 +, umuti avuga ko utinjira mu ruhu cyangwa ngo winjire mu maraso, ariko ugatanga ingaruka gusa ku kumena uruhu rusanzwe.
Uyu mwaka, Isaha 72 + yatsindiye $ 75,000 $ igihembo kinini cya Dubilier mu marushanwa yo gutangiza buri mwaka ya Harvard Business School. Karan arateganya gukora ibindi bizamini bya prototype, itaraboneka mubucuruzi, kugirango irebe igihe ishobora gukora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2025