Igenzura ryikura ryibimera (PGR)nuburyo buhendutse bwo kongera ubwirinzi bwibimera mubihe bigoye. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakoze iperereza ku bushobozi bwa babiriPGR, thiourea (TU) na arginine (Arg), kugirango ugabanye umunyu mwinshi. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko TU na Arg, cyane cyane iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe, bishobora kugenga imikurire yibihingwa mukibazo cyumunyu. Ubuvuzi bwabo bwongereye cyane ibikorwa byimisemburo ya antioxydeant mugihe bigabanya urwego rwubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), hamwe na electrolyte yamenetse (REL) mu ngemwe zingano. Byongeye kandi, ubwo buvuzi bwagabanije cyane Na + na Ca2 + hamwe n’ikigereranyo cya Na + / K +, mu gihe byongera cyane K + kwibanda, bityo bikagumana uburinganire bwa ion-osmotic. Icy'ingenzi cyane, TU na Arg byongereye cyane ibirungo bya chlorophyll, igipimo cya net fotosintetike, hamwe n’igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’ingemwe z’ingano ziterwa n’umunyu. TU na Arg byakoreshejwe byonyine cyangwa bifatanije bishobora kongera ibintu byumye ku gipimo cya 9.03-47.45%, kandi kwiyongera byari byinshi mugihe byakoreshejwe hamwe. Mu gusoza, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko gukomeza redox homeostasis hamwe nuburinganire bwa ion ari ngombwa mu kongera kwihanganira ibimera kwihanganira umunyu. Mubyongeyeho, TU na Arg basabwe nkibishobokakugenzura ibimera,cyane iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe, kugirango yongere umusaruro w'ingano.
Imihindagurikire yihuse y’ikirere n’imikorere y’ubuhinzi igenda yangiza iyangirika ry’ibinyabuzima by’ubuhinzi1. Imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye ni ukunyunyuza ubutaka, bibangamira umutekano w’ibiribwa ku isi2. Kugeza ubu umunyu ugira ingaruka ku 20% by'ubutaka bwo guhingwa ku isi, kandi iyi mibare irashobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 50% muri 20503. Guhangayikishwa n'umunyu-alkali birashobora gutera imihangayiko ya osmotic mu mizi y'ibihingwa, bikabangamira uburinganire bwa ionic mu gihingwa4. Ibihe nkibi birashobora kandi gutuma umuvuduko wa chlorophyll wihuta, kugabanuka kwifoto ya fotosintezeza, no guhungabana kwa metabolike, amaherezo bigatuma umusaruro wibihingwa ugabanuka 5,6. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zikomeye zisanzwe ni iyongerekana ryibinyabuzima byitwa ogisijeni (ROS), bishobora kwangiza okiside kuri biomolekile zitandukanye, harimo ADN, proteyine, na lipide7.
Ingano (Triticum aestivum) ni kimwe mu bihingwa by'ibinyampeke ku isi. Ntabwo ari igihingwa cyibinyampeke gikuze cyane ahubwo ni igihingwa cyingenzi cyubucuruzi8. Nyamara, ingano zumva umunyu, zishobora kubuza gukura kwazo, guhagarika imikorere ya physiologique na biohimiki, kandi bikagabanya cyane umusaruro wabyo. Ingamba zingenzi zo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa numunyu harimo guhindura genetike no gukoresha ibimera bikura. Ibinyabuzima byahinduwe muri rusange (GM) ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo guhindura gene hamwe nubundi buryo bwo guteza imbere ingano zihanganira umunyu9,10. Ku rundi ruhande, ibimera bikura bikura byongera kwihanganira umunyu mu ngano bigenga ibikorwa bya fiyologiki n’urwego rw’ibintu bifitanye isano n’umunyu, bityo bikagabanya kwangirika kw’11. Ubugenzuzi busanzwe bwemewe kandi bukoreshwa cyane kuruta uburyo bwa transgenji. Zishobora kongera kwihanganira ibimera guhangayikishwa n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye nko kuba umunyu, amapfa n’ibyuma biremereye, kandi bigatera kwimera kwimbuto, gufata intungamubiri no gukura kwimyororokere, bityo umusaruro wibihingwa nubwiza. 12 Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa ningirakamaro kugirango habeho gukura no gukomeza umusaruro nubwiza bitewe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, koroshya imikoreshereze, gukoresha neza kandi bifatika. 13 Ariko, kubera ko aba modulator bafite uburyo bwibikorwa bisa, gukoresha imwe murimwe yonyine ntibishobora kuba ingirakamaro. Gushakisha uburyo bwo kugenzura imikurire ishobora guteza imbere kwihanganira umunyu mu ngano ni ingenzi mu korora ingano mu bihe bibi, kongera umusaruro no kwihaza mu biribwa.
Nta bushakashatsi bukora iperereza ku ikoreshwa rya TU na Arg. Ntibisobanutse niba ubu buryo bushya bushobora guhuza iterambere ryikura ryumunyu mwinshi. Kubwibyo, intego yubu bushakashatsi kwari ukumenya niba ibyo byombi bigenzura imikurire bishobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa numunyu mwinshi. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, twakoze ubushakashatsi bwigihe gito cyo gutera imbuto za hydroponique hydroponique kugirango tumenye ibyiza byo gushyira hamwe kwa TU na Arg ingano mugihe cyumunyu mwinshi, twibanze kuri redox na ionic bingana nibihingwa. Twakekereje ko guhuza TU na Arg bishobora gukorana kugirango bigabanye kwangiza imyunyu ngugu iterwa na oxydeide no kurwanya ubusumbane bwa ionic, bityo byongere kwihanganira umunyu mu ngano.
Ibiri muri MDA byintangarugero byagenwe nuburyo bwa acide thiobarbituric. Gupima neza 0.1 g y'ifu y'icyitegererezo gishya, ikuramo hamwe na ml 1 ya acide trichloroacetic ya 10% muminota 10, centrifuge kuri 10,000 g kuminota 20, hanyuma ukusanyirize hamwe ndengakamere. Amashanyarazi yavanze nubunini bungana na 0,75% ya thiobarbituric acide hanyuma ashyirwa kuri 100 ° C muminota 15. Nyuma ya incububasi, supernatant yakusanyirijwe hamwe na centrifugation, hanyuma hapimwa agaciro ka OD kuri 450 nm, 532 nm, na 600 nm. Ihuriro rya MDA ryabazwe ku buryo bukurikira:
Kimwe nubuvuzi bwiminsi 3, gukoresha Arg na Tu byongereye cyane ibikorwa bya enzyme ya antioxydeant yingemwe zingano zivurwa iminsi 6. Guhuza TU na Arg byari bikiri byiza cyane. Nyamara, nyuma yiminsi 6 nyuma yo kuvurwa, ibikorwa byimisemburo ine ya antioxydeant mu bihe bitandukanye byo kuvura byagaragaje ko igabanuka ugereranije niminsi 3 nyuma yo kuvurwa (Ishusho 6).
Photosynthesis nishingiro ryikwirakwizwa ryibintu byumye mubihingwa kandi bibaho muri chloroplasts, byumva cyane umunyu. Guhangayikishwa n'umunyu birashobora gutuma okiside ya plasma membrane, ihungabana rya osmotic selile, kwangirika kwa ultrastructure ya chloroplast36, bigatera kwangirika kwa chlorophyll, kugabanya ibikorwa byimisemburo ya Calvin cycle (harimo na Rubisco), kandi bikagabanya ihererekanyabubasha rya elegitoronike kuva PS II ikagera kuri PS I37. Byongeye kandi, guhangayikishwa numunyu birashobora gutuma umuntu afunga stomatal, bityo bikagabanya amababi ya CO2 kandi bikabuza fotosintezeza38. Ibisubizo byacu byashimangiye ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko guhangayikishwa n’umunyu bigabanya imyitwarire y’ingano mu ngano, bigatuma igabanuka ry’ibabi ry’ibabi hamwe n’imyororokere ya CO2 yo mu nda, amaherezo bigatuma ubushobozi bwa fotosintetike bugabanuka ndetse na biomass y ingano igabanuka (Ishusho 1 na 3). Ikigaragara ni uko porogaramu ya TU na Arg ishobora kongera imbaraga za fotosintetike y ibihingwa by ingano munsi yumunyu. Iterambere ryimikorere ya fotosintetike ryaragaragaye cyane mugihe TU na Arg byakoreshwaga icyarimwe (Ishusho 3). Ibi birashobora guterwa nuko TU na Arg bigenga gufungura no gufunga stomatal, bityo bikazamura imikorere ya fotosintetike, ishyigikirwa nubushakashatsi bwabanje. Kurugero, Bencarti n'abandi. yasanze mukibazo cyumunyu, TU yongereye cyane imyitwarire ya stomatal, igipimo cya CO2 assimilasiyo, hamwe na kwantumumikorere ya Photochemie ya PSII muri Atriplex portulacoides L.39. Nubwo nta raporo itaziguye yerekana ko Arg ishobora kugenzura gufungura no gufunga ibihingwa byatewe n umunyu, Silveira nibindi. yerekanye ko Arg ishobora guteza imbere guhanahana gaze mumababi mugihe cyamapfa22.
Muri make, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko nubwo uburyo bwabo butandukanye bwibikorwa na fiziki ya chimique, TU na Arg bishobora gutanga imbaraga zo guhangana ningutu ya NaCl mu ngemwe z ingano, cyane cyane iyo zishyizwe hamwe. Ikoreshwa rya TU na Arg rirashobora gukora antioxydeant enzyme yo kwirinda ingemwe zingano, kugabanya ibirimo ROS, no gukomeza ituze rya lipide ya membrane, bityo bikagumana fotosintezeza na Na + / K + muburinganire. Nyamara, ubu bushakashatsi nabwo bufite aho bugarukira; nubwo ingaruka zifatika za TU na Arg zemejwe kandi uburyo bwa physiologique bwarasobanuwe kurwego runaka, uburyo bukomeye bwa molekile buracyagaragara neza. Kubwibyo, gukomeza kwiga uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa bya TU na Arg ukoresheje transcriptomic, metabolomic nubundi buryo birakenewe.
Imibare ikoreshwa kandi / cyangwa yasesenguwe mugihe cyubu ubushakashatsi iraboneka kubwanditsi buhuye bisabwe byumvikana.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2025