Uburyo bwo gucunga imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imiyoboro y'amazi bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko ku kigero cya 44% bitabangamiye uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko n'indwara cyangwa umusaruro w'ibihingwa.

     Kurwanya udukoko n'indwarani ingenzi cyane ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi, ikarinda ibihingwa udukoko twangiza n'indwara. Gahunda zo kurwanya udukoko zishingiye ku musaruro, aho imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa gusa iyo ubucucike bw'udukoko n'indwara burenze urugero rwagenwe, zishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko. Ariko, ingaruka z'izi gahunda ntizisobanutse neza kandi ziratandukanye bitewe n'aho ziherereye. Kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka zagutse za gahunda zo kurwanya imiti yica udukoko zishingiye ku musaruro ku dukoko tw'ubuhinzi, twakoze isesengura ry'ubushakashatsi 126 bwagaragaje igeragezwa 466 mu bihingwa 34, tugereranya gahunda zishingiye ku musaruro n'izishingiye ku musaruro.kurwanya imiti yica udukokogahunda (ni ukuvuga, za buri cyumweru cyangwa zitari iz’ubwoko bwihariye) cyangwa imirima yo kurwanya idavuwe. Ugereranyije na gahunda zishingiye ku gihembwe, gahunda zishingiye ku gihembwe zagabanyije ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko ku kigero cya 44% n’ikiguzi cyazo ku kigero cya 40% bitagize ingaruka ku mikorere yo kurwanya udukoko n’indwara cyangwa umusaruro muri rusange. Gahunda zishingiye ku gihembwe nazo zongereye umubare w’udukoko twiza kandi zigera ku rwego rumwe rwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’imiti ya arthropod nk’uko gahunda zishingiye ku gihembwe zabigaragazaga. Bitewe n’ubunini n’uburambe bw’izi nyungu, hakenewe inkunga ya politiki n’imari kugira ngo hashishikarizwe ikoreshwa ry’ubu buryo bwo kurwanya mu buhinzi.

Kugira ngo dusuzume uburyo gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare munini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi, twashakishije ku buryo burambuye ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’igihe bukoreshwa mu mishinga yo guhinga. Dukoresheje moteri nyinshi z’ishakisha, twasesenguye ubushakashatsi 126 kugira ngo tumenye ingaruka z’amabwiriza yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare munini ku kurwanya udukoko twa arthropod, umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, n’ubwinshi bw’udukoko twa arthropod. Dutekereza ko amabwiriza yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare munini ashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko nta ngaruka ku musaruro w’ibihingwa. Byongeye kandi, ugereranije n’amabwiriza yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare munini, amabwiriza ashingiye ku mubare munini ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kurwanya indwara zandurira mu mubare munini mu gihe icyarimwe ashyigikira kubaho kw’udukoko twagize akamaro.
Twakoze isuzuma ry’inyandiko kugira ngo tumenye ingaruka za gahunda zo gucunga imiti yica udukoko mu buhinzi zishingiye ku mubare w’ibice. Inyandiko zasohotse zakuwe muri Web of Science na Google Scholar (Ishusho ya 1). Twakoresheje kandi uburyo buvanze, dukoresha ingamba zuzuzanya kugira ngo twongere uburyo bwo kwerekana no kumenyekanisha amakuru yose. Twanashyizemo inyigo zishingiye ku bumenyi bwite bw’abashakashatsi ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere, ububiko bw’amakuru ajyanye n’ibyo, n’ingamba zo gufata ingero z’urubura (ni ukuvuga guhitamo ingingo mu nyandiko zijyanye n’ibyo). Twasuzumye amakuru ya mbere muri Gicurasi 2023 kugira ngo tumenye neza ko yuzuye ku bintu by’ingenzi by’ubuhinzi, harimo ubwoko bw’ibihingwa, ubwoko bw’udukoko twa arthropod, n’igihugu cyakoreweho ubushakashatsi. Icyuho mu bubiko bw’amakuru cyakemuwe binyuze mu gushakisha amagambo y’ingenzi. Gushakisha ubushakashatsi bwose bwujuje ibisabwa byatangiye kuva muri Gashyantare 2021 kugeza muri Kamena 2023.
Inyandiko zabonetse binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwa database n'ubundi buryo bwo gushakisha, zisuzumwa kugira ngo zirebe niba zikenewe, zisuzumwa kugira ngo zirebe niba zikwiriye, amaherezo zigashyirwa mu bushakashatsi bugera ku 126 bwashyizwe mu isesengura rya nyuma ry’imibare.
Ku bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'impinduka zizwi, formula ya 1 na 25 zikurikira zikoreshwa mu gupima igipimo cya log n'impinduka zijyanye nabyo.
Ku bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'impinduka zitazwi, formula ya 3 na 4 zikurikira zikoreshwa mu gupima igipimo cya log n'impinduka zijyanye nacyo 25.
Hashingiwe ku isuzuma rya Geary (1930) ryakozwe mu 193026, ubushakashatsi bufite agaciro kari munsi ya 3 ntibwakuwemo (hashingiwe ku ifishi ya 5 ya Nakagawa et al. 2023).
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku buryo bwo kwiga, reba Incamake ya Raporo y'Uburyo bw'Ibintu Bihari ihujwe muri iyi nkuru.
Udukoko dutera imbogamizi zikomeye ku bihingwa byinshi, bigatuma habaho ibirenze²⁰% by'igihombo cy'umusaruro ku isi.²⁸Nubwo gahunda zo kurwanya udukoko dushingiye ku mubare w’udukoko ari inkingi y’ingenzi mu micungire y’udukoko (IPM), ingaruka zatwo muri rusange ku buhinzi ntizisobanutse neza. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwigenga bwagaragaje ingaruka nziza z’izi gahunda, harimo kurwanya udukoko neza, umusaruro mwinshi, n’ingaruka nziza zitaziguye mu bihe bimwe na bimwe (urugero, kwiyongera kw’impiswi cyangwa kugenzura ibinyabuzima). Twibwira ko izi ngaruka nziza zikwirakwira mu buhinzi. Ibisubizo by’isesengura rya meta bishyigikira cyane iki gitekerezo. Nubwo ubucucike bw’udukoko bwari hejuru cyane muri gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko ugereranyije na gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko, ibipimo byangiza udukoko byagaragaje ubushobozi bumwe bwo kurwanya udukoko muri gahunda zo kurwanya udukoko. Gahunda zo gukoresha imiti ishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko n’ishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko na zo zagaragaje ko indwara z’ibimera ziterwa n’udukoko. Gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko zagaragaje umubare munini w’udukoko tw’ingirakamaro ugereranije na gahunda zisanzwe zo gukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko. Ibi bisubizo bishobora gusobanurwa igice bitewe no kugabanuka kwa 44% mu ikoreshwa ry’imiti irwanya udukoko muri gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko ugereranije na gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko. Ariko, nubwo uburyo bwo kurwanya imiti ishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko n’ishingiye ku mubare w’udukoko butagaragaje itandukaniro rinini mu musaruro, twasanze uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko bwagabanyije gato ireme ry’umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bw'ibihingwa (ibihingwa byihariye ugereranyije n'ibihingwa bisanzwe) bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko. Muri rusange, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwacu bishyigikira igitekerezo cya kera cy'uko gahunda zo kurwanya udukoko zishingiye ku dukoko zishobora gutanga inyungu zikomeye mu gucunga udukoko n'indwara mu buhinzi.
Imipaka y’ubukungu ni ingenzi mu gitekerezo cy’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko (IPM), kandi abashakashatsi bamaze igihe kinini batangaza ibyiza byo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ikoresheje urwego rw’imipaka. Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwagaragaje ko kurwanya udukoko twa arthropod ari ingenzi muri sisitemu nyinshi, kuko 94% by’ubushakashatsi bigaragaza ko umusaruro w’ibihingwa ugabanuka nta miti ikoreshwa. Ariko, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubuhinzi bukomeze gutera imbere mu gihe kirekire. Twasanze gukoresha imiti yica udukoko bigenzura neza kwangirika kwa arthropod bitagabanyije umusaruro ugereranije na gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ikoresheje kalendari. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti ku kigero kirenga 40%.^IbindiIsuzuma rinini ry’imikoreshereze y’imiti yica udukoko mu mirima y’ubuhinzi n’ibimera byo mu Bufaransa ryagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko rishobora kugabanuka bitewe^40-50% bitagize ingaruka ku musaruro. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko hakenewe gukomeza guteza imbere ingamba nshya zo gucunga udukoko no gutanga umutungo kugira ngo dushishikarizwe gukoreshwa cyane. Uko ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka bw'ubuhinzi rigenda ryiyongera, ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko rizakomeza kubangamira sisitemu karemano, harimo n'izifite akamaro cyane kandi zigoye.^{aho batuye}Ariko, gukoresha no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zishingiye ku mibare y’imiti yica udukoko bishobora kugabanya izi ngaruka, bityo bikanoza ubuhinzi mu buryo burambye kandi butangiza ibidukikije.
Amakuru agaragazwa mu nyandiko cyangwa mu idosiye y'amakuru y'inyongera, kandi aboneka ku mugaragaro kuri konti y'umwanditsi ya GitHub kuri https://github.com/aleach379/Thresholdsreduce.