Uburyo bushingiye ku micungire y’imicungire irashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’udukoko 44% bitagize ingaruka ku kurwanya udukoko n’indwara cyangwa umusaruro w’ibihingwa.

Kurwanya udukoko n'indwara ni ingenzi mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi, birinda ibihingwa ibyonnyi n'indwara byangiza. Gahunda yo kugenzura ishingiye ku mbibi, ikoresha imiti yica udukoko gusa iyo ibyonnyi by’udukoko n’indwara birenze igipimo cyateganijwe, birashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’udukoko. Ariko, imikorere yizi gahunda ntisobanutse kandi iratandukanye cyane. Kugirango dusuzume ingaruka nini za gahunda yo kugenzura ishingiye ku mbibi zangiza udukoko twangiza ubuhinzi, twakoze meta-isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi 126, harimo ibigeragezo 466 ku bihingwa 34, tugereranya gahunda zishingiye ku mbibi na gahunda zishingiye kuri kalendari (ni ukuvuga buri cyumweru cyangwa zidafite ubwoko bwihariye) gahunda yo kurwanya udukoko twangiza udukoko hamwe na / cyangwa kutavurwa neza. Ugereranije na gahunda zishingiye kuri kalendari, gahunda zishingiye ku mbibi zagabanije gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ku gipimo cya 44% n’ibiciro bifitanye isano na 40%, bitagize ingaruka ku kurwanya udukoko n’indwara cyangwa umusaruro rusange w’ibihingwa. Gahunda zishingiye kuri Threshold nazo zongereye umubare w’udukoko tw’ingirakamaro kandi twageze ku rwego rumwe rwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na arthropod nka gahunda zishingiye kuri kalendari. Bitewe n'ubugari kandi buhoraho bw'izo nyungu, hakenewe inkunga ya politiki n’imari kugira ngo dushishikarize gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kugenzura ubuhinzi.
Inyandiko zamenyekanye binyuze mu bubiko no mu zindi nkomoko zashakishijwe, zerekanwe ku kamaro, zisuzumwa kugira ngo zemererwe, kandi amaherezo zagabanijwe kugera ku bushakashatsi 126, zashyizwe mu isesengura rya nyuma ry’imibare.
Ntabwo ubushakashatsi bwose bwatangajwe uburyo butandukanye; kubwibyo, twabaze coefficente igereranya yo gutandukanya kugereranya ibiti^igipimo.25Kubushakashatsi hamwe no gutandukana bisanzwe bitazwi, twakoresheje Ikigereranyo cya 4 kugirango tugereranye igipimo cyibiti hamwe na 5 kugirango tugereranye gutandukana bisanzwe. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko niyo byagereranijwe gutandukana bisanzwe bya lnRR byabuze, birashobora gushirwa muri meta-gusesengura kubara ibura ryatandukanijwe ukoresheje coefficente iremereye yo gutandukana bivuye mubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gutandukana bisanzwe.
Kubushakashatsi bufite gutandukana bisanzwe bizwi, formula 1 na 2 zikurikira zikoreshwa mukugereranya igipimo cyibiti no gutandukana bisanzwe 25.
Kubushakashatsi bufite gutandukana bisanzwe bitamenyekanye, formula 3 na 4 zikurikira zikoreshwa mukugereranya igipimo cyibiti hamwe no gutandukana bisanzwe 25.
Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana ingingo zigereranya ibipimo, amakosa asanzwe ajyanye, intera yicyizere, na p-gaciro kuri buri gipimo no kugereranya. Ibibanza bya feri byubatswe kugirango hamenyekane ko hari asimmetrie yingamba zivugwa (Ishusho yinyongera). Imibare yinyongera 2–7 irerekana ibigereranyo byingamba zivugwa muri buri nyigo.
Ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye igishushanyo mbonera urashobora kubisanga muri make ya raporo ya Kamere Portfolio ihujwe niyi ngingo.
Igishimishije, twasanze mubyukuri nta tandukaniro rigaragara mubikorwa byogukoresha imiti yica udukoko twangiza imipaka hagati y ibihingwa byihariye nibisanzwe kubipimo byingenzi nko kurwanya udukoko nindwara, umusaruro, inyungu zubukungu, ningaruka ku dukoko dufite akamaro. Igisubizo ntigitangaje dore ko, ukurikije ibinyabuzima, gahunda yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twangiza imipaka ntabwo itandukanye cyane hagati yubwoko bubiri bwibihingwa. Itandukaniro hagati y ibihingwa bisanzwe kandi byihariye bituruka ahanini mubukungu na / cyangwa kugenzura, aho kuba ibidukikije. Itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwibihingwa rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kurwanya udukoko n’indwara kuruta ingaruka z’ibinyabuzima ziterwa n’imiti yica udukoko twangiza. Kurugero, ibihingwa byihariye mubisanzwe bifite igiciro cyinshi kuri hegitari bityo bigasaba ubuziranenge bukomeye, bushobora gushishikariza abahinzi gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twirinda bitewe nimpungenge ziterwa nudukoko nindwara zidasanzwe. Ku rundi ruhande, ubuso bunini bw'ibihingwa bisanzwe bituma udukoko n'indwara bikurikirana cyane akazi, bikagabanya uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gukoresha udukoko twangiza udukoko. Niyo mpamvu, sisitemu zombi zihura n’ingutu zidasanzwe zishobora koroshya cyangwa kubangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya porogaramu zangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko. Kubera ko ubushakashatsi hafi ya bwose bwakozwe na meta-isesengura bwakorewe ahantu hashyizweho ingamba zo gukumira imiti yica udukoko, ntabwo bitangaje kuba twabonye indangagaciro zihamye ku bwoko bwibihingwa.
Isesengura ryacu ryerekana ko gahunda yo gucunga imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mbibi zishobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko hamwe n’ibiciro bifitanye isano, ariko ntibisobanutse niba koko abahinzi b’ubuhinzi babyungukiramo. Ubushakashatsi bukubiye muri meta-isesengura ryatandukanye cyane mubisobanuro byabo bya gahunda yo gucunga imiti yica udukoko "bisanzwe", uhereye kubikorwa byo mukarere kugeza kuri gahunda yoroshye ya kalendari. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo byiza twatanze hano ntibishobora kwerekana neza uburambe nyabwo bwabaproducer. Byongeye kandi, nubwo twanditse amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama bitewe no kugabanya imiti yica udukoko, ubushakashatsi bwambere ntabwo bwigeze busuzuma amafaranga yo kugenzura umurima. Kubwibyo, inyungu rusange zubukungu za gahunda zishingiye ku mbibi zishingiye ku micungire zishobora kuba munsi y'ibisubizo by'isesengura ryacu. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwose bwerekanye amafaranga yo kugenzura umurima bwerekanye ko igabanuka ry'umusaruro bitewe no kugabanya imiti yica udukoko. Gukurikirana inzira no kugenzura imirima birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubakora cyane hamwe nabashinzwe ubuhinzi (Biro ishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Amerika, 2004).
Umubare w’ubukungu ugira uruhare runini mu gitekerezo cyo kurwanya udukoko twangiza (IPM), kandi abashakashatsi bamaze igihe kinini bavuga inyungu nziza za gahunda yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko. Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekanye ko kurwanya udukoko twangiza arthropod ari ngombwa muri sisitemu nyinshi, kuko 94% y’ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko igabanuka ry’umusaruro w’ibihingwa udakoresheje imiti yica udukoko. Nyamara, gukoresha udukoko twangiza udukoko ni ngombwa mu guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye burambye. Twabonye ko porogaramu ishingiye ku mbibi igenzura neza ibyangiritse kuri arthropod idatanze umusaruro w’ibihingwa ugereranije na gahunda yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko. Byongeye kandi, porogaramu ishingiye ku mbibi irashobora kugabanya gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hejuru ya 40%.^IbindiIsuzuma rinini ryerekana uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu murima w’Ubufaransa hamwe n’igeragezwa ryo kurwanya indwara z’ibihingwa byerekanye kandi ko imiti yica udukoko ishobora kugabanuka na^40-50% bitagize ingaruka ku musaruro. Ibisubizo birerekana ko hakenewe iterambere ryambere rishya ryo kurwanya udukoko no gutanga ibikoresho kugirango dushishikarize gukoreshwa kwinshi. Mugihe imikoreshereze yubutaka bwubuhinzi yiyongera, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko bizakomeza kubangamira sisitemu karemano, harimo cyane kandi bifite agaciro^{aho atuye}. Icyakora, kwaguka no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda z’imiti yica udukoko birashobora kugabanya izo ngaruka, bityo bikongerera iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ibidukikije.