Uburyo bwo gucunga imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imiyoboro y'amazi bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko ku kigero cya 44% bitagize ingaruka ku kurwanya udukoko n'indwara cyangwa umusaruro w'ibihingwa.

Kurwanya udukoko n'indwara ni ingenzi mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi, birinda ibihingwa kwangizaudukoko n'indwaraGahunda zo kurwanya udukoko dushingiye ku muyoboro w’amazi, zikoresha imiti yica udukoko gusa iyo umubare w’udukoko n’indwara urenze urugero rwagenwe, zishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko. Ariko, ubushobozi bw’izi gahunda ntibusobanutse neza kandi buratandukanye cyane. Kugira ngo dusuzume ingaruka zagutse za gahunda zo kurwanya udukoko dushingiye ku muyoboro w’amazi ku dukoko tw’ubuhinzi, twakoze isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi 126, harimo n’igerageza 466 ku bihingwa 34, tugereranya gahunda zishingiye ku muyoboro w’amazi n’izishingiye ku muyoboro w’amazi.kurwanya imiti yica udukokogahunda na/cyangwa uburyo bwo kugenzura butarinzwe. Ugereranyije na gahunda zishingiye ku kalendari, gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’inyongera zagabanyije ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko ku kigero cya 44% n’ikiguzi cyazo ku kigero cya 40%, bitagize ingaruka ku buryo bwo kurwanya udukoko n’indwara cyangwa umusaruro rusange w’ibihingwa. Gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’inyongera nazo zongereye umubare w’udukoko twiza kandi zigera ku rwego rumwe rwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’imiti ya arthropod nk’uko gahunda zishingiye ku mubare w’inyongera zibigaragaza. Bitewe n’ubugari n’ubudahinduka bw’izi nyungu, hakenewe inkunga ya politiki n’imari kugira ngo hashishikarizwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubu buryo bwo kurwanya mu buhinzi.
Inyandiko zabonetse binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwa database n'ubundi buryo bwo gushakisha, zisuzumwa kugira ngo zirebe niba zikenewe, zisuzumwa kugira ngo zirebe niba zikwiriye, amaherezo zigashyirwa mu bushakashatsi bugera ku 126, bwashyizwe mu isesengura rya nyuma ry’imibare.

Si ubushakashatsi bwose bwagaragaje uburyo n'impinduka; bityo, twabaze igipimo cy'impinduka kugira ngo tumenye impinduka za logi^igipimo.25Ku bushakashatsi bufite ihindagurika ritazwi, twakoresheje Equation 4 kugira ngo dupime igipimo cya log na Equation 5 kugira ngo dupime ihindagurika rijyanye naryo. Akamaro k'ubu buryo ni uko nubwo ihindagurika risanzwe rya lnRR ryaba ribuze, rishobora gushyirwa muri meta-analysis tubara ihindagurika risanzwe ribura dukoresheje igipimo cy’impinduka z’ikigereranyo cyavuye mu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ihindagurika risanzwe.
Ku bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'impinduka zizwi, formula ya 1 na 2 zikurikira zikoreshwa mu gupima igipimo cya log n'impinduka zijyanye na zo.
Ku bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'impinduka zitazwi, formula ya 3 na 4 zikurikira zikoreshwa mu gupima igipimo cya log n'impinduka zijyanye nabyo.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1 igaragaza ibipimo by'amanota y'ibipimo, amakosa asanzwe ajyanye nabyo, interuro z'icyizere, n'agaciro ka p kuri buri gipimo n'igereranya. Imiterere y'amafuneli yubatswe kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ubusumbane ku bipimo bivugwa (Ishusho y'inyongera ya 1). Imiterere y'inyongera ya 2-7 igaragaza ibipimo bivugwa muri buri bushakashatsi.
Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'ubushakashatsi biboneka mu ncamake ya raporo ya Nature Portfolio ihujwe n'iyi nkuru.
Igishimishije ni uko nta tandukaniro rigaragara twabonye mu mikorere y’imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare w’ibihingwa byihariye n’ibisanzwe ku bipimo by’ingenzi nko kurwanya udukoko n’indwara, umusaruro, inyungu z’ubukungu, n’ingaruka ku dukoko twiza. Ibi bisubizo ntibitangaje kuko, mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima, gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare w’ibihingwa bibiri zidatandukanye cyane hagati y’ubu bwoko bw’ibihingwa bibiri. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibihingwa bisanzwe n’ibihingwa byihariye ahanini rituruka ku bintu by’ubukungu n’amategeko, aho guturuka ku bidukikije. Iri tandukaniro riri hagati y’ubwoko bw’ibihingwa rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kurwanya udukoko n’indwara kuruta ingaruka ku binyabuzima zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare w’ibihingwa. Urugero, ibihingwa byihariye akenshi bigira ikiguzi kiri hejuru kuri hegitari imwe bityo bigasaba amahame meza y’ubuziranenge, bishobora gushishikariza abahinzi gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu rwego rwo kwirinda kubera impungenge z’udukoko n’indwara zidakunze kugaragara. Ku rundi ruhande, ubuso bunini bw’ibihingwa bisanzwe butuma gukurikirana udukoko n’indwara birushaho kuba byinshi, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare w’ibihingwa. Bityo, uburyo bwombi buhura n’ibibazo byihariye bishobora koroshya cyangwa bikabangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare w’ibihingwa. Kubera ko inyigo hafi ya zose mu isesengura ryacu ryakozwe ahantu hakuweho amategeko agenga imiti yica udukoko, ntibitangaje kubona agaciro k’umubare kadahinduka mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa.

Isesengura ryacu rigaragaza ko gahunda zo gucunga imiti yica udukoko zishingiye ku mubare w’inyongera zishobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko n’ikiguzi kijyana na byo, ariko ntibirasobanuka neza niba abahinzi babyaza umusaruro koko. Ubushakashatsi bwatanzwe mu isesengura ryacu bwaratandukanye cyane mu bisobanuro byabwo bya gahunda zo gucunga imiti yica udukoko "zisanzwe", kuva ku bikorwa byo mu karere kugeza kuri gahunda zoroshye zo gukoresha kalendari. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo byiza dutanga hano bishobora kutagaragaza neza ubunararibonye nyakuri bw’abahinzi. Byongeye kandi, nubwo twanditse ku kugabanuka gukomeye kw’ikiguzi bitewe no kugabanuka kw’ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko, ubushakashatsi bwa mbere muri rusange ntibwatekereje ku ikiguzi cyo kugenzura imirima. Kubwibyo, inyungu rusange z’ubukungu za gahunda zo gucunga imiti zishingiye ku mubare w’inyongera zishobora kuba ziri hasi gato ugereranyije n’ibyavuye mu isesengura ryacu. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwose bwagaragaje ikiguzi cyo kugenzura imirima bwagaragaje kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi cyo gukora imiti yica udukoko bitewe no kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi cyo kwica udukoko. Gukurikirana buri gihe no kugenzura imirima bishobora kugorana ku bahinzi n’abayobozi b’imirima bahugiye mu mirimo (Ibiro bishinzwe Ibarurishamibare by’Umurimo bya Amerika, 2004).
Imiterere y’ubukungu igira uruhare runini mu gitekerezo cyo gucunga udukoko duto (IPM), kandi abashakashatsi bamaze igihe kinini batangaza ibyiza byo gukoresha gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare. Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwagaragaje ko kurwanya udukoko dukomoka ku mubare ari ingenzi muri sisitemu nyinshi, kuko 94% by’ubushakashatsi bigaragaza ko umusaruro w’ibihingwa ugabanuka nta miti ikoreshwa. Ariko, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko neza ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ubuhinzi. Twasanze gukoresha imiti ishingiye ku mubare bigenzura neza kwangirika kwa miti ya arthropod bitagabanyije umusaruro w’ibihingwa ugereranije na gahunda zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ishingiye ku mubare. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha imiti ishingiye ku mubare bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti ku kigero kirenga 40%.^IbindiIsuzuma rinini ry’imiterere y’imiti yica udukoko mu mirima y’Ubufaransa no mu igeragezwa ryo kurwanya indwara z’ibimera ryagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko rishobora kugabanuka bitewe^40-50% bitagize ingaruka ku musaruro. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko hakenewe iterambere rirambuye ry’imirongo mishya yo kurwanya udukoko no gutanga umutungo kugira ngo bishishikarize ikoreshwa ryatwo mu buryo bukwirakwira. Uko ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi rigenda ryiyongera, ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko rizakomeza kubangamira sisitemu karemano, harimo n’izifite akamaro kanini kandi zigoye.^{aho batuye}Ariko, gukoresha no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo kurwanya udukoko dushobora kugabanya izi ngaruka, bityo ubuhinzi bugakomeza kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku busugire bw’ibidukikije.