Florfenikol, umuti ukomoka kuri thiamphenicol ukozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike, ni umuti mushya wa chloramphenicol urwanya bagiteri ukoreshwa mu buvuzi bw'amatungo, wakozwe neza mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1980.
Mu gihe cy’indwara zikunze kugaragara, ubworozi bwinshi bw’ingurube bukoresha florfenicol kenshi kugira ngo burinde cyangwa buvure indwara z’ingurube. Ubwoko bw’indwara, uko ibyiciro cyangwa icyiciro byaba biri kose, bamwe mu bahinzi bakoresha florfenicol ingana cyane kugira ngo bavure cyangwa birinde indwara. Florfenicol si umuti w’indwara. Igomba gukoreshwa neza kugira ngo igere ku ngaruka zifuzwa. Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye ku buryo busanzwe bwo gukoresha florfenicol, twizeye ko bizafasha buri wese:
1. Imiterere ya florfenicol irwanya bagiteri
(1) Florfenicol ni umuti urwanya udukoko twinshi urwanya bagiteri zitandukanye za Gram-positive na negative na mycoplasma. Bagiteri zitera indwara zirimo ingurube na Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Grippe bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, n'izindi. Ingaruka nziza zo gukumira indwara.
(2) Ibipimo byakozwe mu buryo bwa "in vitro" na "in vivo" bigaragaza ko imikorere yayo ya antibacterial ari myiza cyane kurusha imiti ikoreshwa muri iki gihe, nka thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin na quinolones zikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.
(3) Florfenicol ikora vuba ishobora kugera ku rugero rwo kuvura mu maraso isaha 1 nyuma yo guterwa inshinge mu mitsi, kandi urugero rw'umuti rushobora kugerwaho mu masaha 1.5-3; urugero rw'umuti mu maraso rumara igihe kirekire kandi rufite akamaro rushobora kugumaho mu gihe kirenze amasaha 20 nyuma yo guterwa rimwe.
(4) Ishobora kwinjira mu ruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko, kandi ingaruka zayo ku ndwara ya meningite iterwa n'udukoko two mu matungo ntabwo igereranywa n'indi miti irwanya udukoko.
(5) Nta burozi cyangwa ingaruka mbi igira iyo ikoreshejwe ku gipimo cyagenwe, irwanya akaga ko kubura amaraso mu mubiri no mu bundi burozi buterwa na thiamphenicol, kandi ntabwo izangiza amatungo n'ibiribwa. Ikoreshwa mu kwandura ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri biterwa na bagiteri mu matungo. Kuvura ingurube, harimo gukumira no kuvura indwara z'ubuhumekero za bagiteri, meningitis, pleurisy, mastite, indwara zo mu mara n'indwara zo nyuma yo kubyara mu ngurube.
2. Bagiteri zishobora kwandura florfenicol n'indwara y'ingurube ya florfenicol ikundwa
(1) Indwara z'ingurube aho florfenicol ikundwa cyane
Uyu muti usabwa nk'umuti ukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura indwara ya pneumonia y'ingurube, pleuropneumonia yandurira mu biguruka n'indwara ya Haemophilus parasuis, cyane cyane mu kuvura bagiteri zirwanya fluoroquinolones n'izindi antibiyotike.
(2) Florfenicol ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'ingurube zikurikira
Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'ubuhumekero ziterwa na Streptococcus (pneumonia), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (asthma y'ingurube), n'ibindi; salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (asthma y'ingurube) Indwara zo mu gifu nka enteritis iterwa n'impiswi y'umuhondo, impiswi y'umweru, indwara yo kwishima kw'ingurube) n'izindi bagiteri zikomeye. Florfenicol ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura izi ndwara z'ingurube, ariko si wo muti ukoreshwa cyane kuri izi ndwara z'ingurube, bityo igomba gukoreshwa witonze.
3. Gukoresha florfenicol nabi
(1) Igipimo ni kinini cyane cyangwa gito cyane. Ingano zimwe na zimwe zivanze zo kugaburira zigera kuri 400 mg/kg, naho inshinge zigera kuri 40-100 mg/kg, cyangwa zirenzeho. Hari ntoya nka 8-15mg/kg. Ingano nini ni uburozi, kandi ingano nto ntigira ingaruka.
(2) Igihe ni kirekire cyane. Gukoresha imiti myinshi igihe kirekire nta mbogamizi.
(3) Gukoresha ibintu n'ibyiciro ni bibi. Ingurube zitwite n'ingurube zibyibushye zikoresha iyo miti mu buryo butari bwo, bigatera uburozi cyangwa ibisigazwa by'imiti, bigatuma umusaruro n'ibiribwa bitagira ingaruka nziza.
(4) Kuba bihuye nabi. Hari abantu bakunze gukoresha florfenicol hamwe na sulfonamides na cephalosporins. Niba ari siyansi kandi isobanutse, birakwiye gukorerwa ubushakashatsi.
(5) Kurya no gutanga ibiryo bivanze ntibivangwa kimwe, bigatuma nta ngaruka z'imiti cyangwa uburozi bw'ibiyobyabwenge bigira.
4. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda florfenicol
(1) Iki gicuruzwa ntikigomba kuvangwa na macrolides (nka tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, nibindi), lincosamide (nka lincomycin, clindamycin) na diterpenoid semi-synthetic antibiotics - Tiamulin combination, iyo bivanze bishobora gutanga ingaruka mbi.
(2) Uyu muti ntushobora gukoreshwa hamwe na β-lactone amines (nka penisiline, cephalosporins) na fluoroquinolones (nka enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nibindi), kuko uyu muti ubuza poroteyine ya bagiteri gukora vuba, uyu muti ni umuti wica bagiteri ukora vuba mu gihe cyo kororoka. Mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya wa wundi, poroteyine ya bagiteri irahagarikwa vuba, bagiteri zihagarika gukura no kwiyongera, kandi ingaruka zo kwica bagiteri za wa wundi ziragabanuka. Kubwibyo, iyo ubuvuzi bukeneye kugira ingaruka zo gufunga vuba, ntibushobora gukoreshwa hamwe.
(3) Uyu muti ntushobora kuvangwa na sulfadiazine sodium mu gutera imiti mu mitsi. Ntugomba gukoreshwa hamwe n'imiti ya alkaline iyo unyowe cyangwa uterwa mu mitsi, kugira ngo wirinde kubora no gutsindwa. Ntabwo kandi ukwiriye guterwa mu mitsi na tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, nibindi, kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi agwa kandi imikorere ikagabanuka.
(4) Kwangirika kw'imitsi no kwangirika kwayo bishobora guterwa nyuma yo guterwa inshinge mu mitsi. Kubwibyo, ishobora guterwa mu mitsi yo mu ijosi no mu matako mu buryo bunyuranye, kandi si byiza kongera guterwa inshinge ahantu hamwe.
(5) Kubera ko iki gicuruzwa gishobora kugira uburozi mu nda y'umwana, kigomba gukoreshwa witonze ku nyoni zitwite n'izonsa.
(6) Iyo ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bw'ingurube zirwaye buri hejuru, ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'imiti igabanya ububabare igabanya ububabare na dexamethasone, kandi ingaruka zikaba nziza kurushaho.
(7) Mu gukumira no kuvura indwara y’ubuhumekero y’ingurube (PRDC), bamwe basaba ko florfenicol na amoxicillin, florfenicol na tylosin bikoreshwa hamwe, hamwe na florfenicol na tylosin. Birakwiye, kuko mu rwego rw’imiti, byombi ntibishobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe. Ariko, florfenicol ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na tetracyclines nka doxycycline.
(8) Iki gicuruzwa gifite uburozi mu maraso. Nubwo kitazatera indwara yo kubura amaraso mu maraso, kugabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu maraso bitewe nacyo bikunze kugaragara kurusha chloramphenicol (abafite ubumuga). Birabujijwe mu gihe cyo gukingirwa cyangwa mu matungo afite ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
(9) Kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ibibazo by'igogora no kubura vitamine cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bukabije.
(10) Mu gukumira no kuvura indwara y'ingurube, hakwiye kwitonderwa, kandi umuti ugomba gutangwa hakurikijwe igipimo cyagenwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura, kandi ntugomba gukoreshwa nabi kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi.
(11) Ku matungo afite ikibazo cy’impyiko, igipimo kigomba kugabanywa cyangwa igihe cyo gutanga kikongerwa.
(12) Mu gihe ubushyuhe buri hasi, bigaragaye ko igipimo cyo gushonga kiri buhoro; cyangwa umuti wateguwe ufite imvura ya florfenicol, kandi ugomba gushyushywa gato (bitarenze 45 ℃) kugira ngo byose bishonge vuba. Umuti wateguwe ni byiza kuwukoresha mu masaha 48.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2022