Leaps by Bayer, ishami rishinzwe ishoramari rya Bayer AG, ririmo gushora imari mu matsinda kugira ngo rigere ku ntambwe z'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ibinyabuzima n'ibindi binyabuzima. Mu myaka umunani ishize, iyi sosiyete yashoye arenga miliyari 1.7 z'amadolari mu mishinga irenga 55.
PJ Amini, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Leaps by Bayer kuva mu 2019, asangiza ibitekerezo bye ku ishoramari rya sosiyete mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima n’impinduka mu nganda z’ibinyabuzima.
Leaps by Bayer yashoye imari mu bigo byinshi bitanga umusaruro urambye mu myaka mike ishize. Ni izihe nyungu iri shoramari rizanira Bayer?
Imwe mu mpamvu zituma dukora iri shoramari ni ukureba aho twabona ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikora mu nzego z'ubushakashatsi tutari gukoraho mu nkuta zacu. Itsinda rya Bayer rishinzwe ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibihingwa rikoresha miliyari 2.9 z'amadolari buri mwaka mu bushobozi bwaryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ku isi, ariko haracyari byinshi biba hanze y'inkuta zaryo.
Urugero rw'imwe mu shoramari ryacu ni CoverCress, ikora mu guhindura imiterere y'uturemangingo no gukora igihingwa gishya, PennyCress, gihingwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bushya bwo gukora amavuta adafite karubone nkeya, bityo bigatuma abahinzi bahinga igihingwa mu gihe cy'itumba hagati y'ibigori na soya. Kubwibyo, ni ingirakamaro ku bahinzi mu bukungu, ikora isoko y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli irambye, ifasha kunoza ubuzima bw'ubutaka, kandi inatanga ikintu cyuzuza imikorere y'abahinzi, ndetse n'ibindi bikomoka ku buhinzi twatanze muri Bayer. Gutekereza ku buryo ibi bicuruzwa birambye bikora muri sisitemu yacu yagutse ni ingenzi.
Iyo urebye izindi shoramari ryacu mu bijyanye no gutera imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bunoze, dufite amasosiyete nka Guardian Agriculture na Rantizo, arimo kureba uburyo ikoranabuhanga ryo kurinda imyaka rikoreshwa neza. Ibi byuzuza porogaramu ya Bayer yo kurinda imyaka ndetse binatanga ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bw'imiti irinda imyaka igamije kugabanya ikoreshwa ryayo mu gihe kizaza.
Iyo dushaka gusobanukirwa neza ibicuruzwa n'uburyo bikorana n'ubutaka, kugira amasosiyete twashoyemo imari, nka ChrysaLabs, ifite icyicaro muri Kanada, biduha uburyo bwiza bwo kugena no gusobanukirwa ubutaka. Kubwibyo, dushobora kwiga uburyo ibicuruzwa byacu, byaba imbuto, chimie, cyangwa ibinyabuzima, bikora mu buryo bujyanye n'urusobe rw'ubutaka. Ugomba kuba ushobora gupima ubutaka, haba ibice byabwo by'umwimerere ndetse n'ibitari umwimerere.
Izindi sosiyete, nka Sound Agriculture cyangwa Andes, zirimo gushaka kugabanya ifumbire mvaruganda no gukusanya karuboni, byuzuza urwego rwagutse rwa Bayer muri iki gihe.
Mu gihe ushora imari mu bigo bikoresha imiti ikomoka ku bimera, ni ibihe bice by'ibi bigo by'ingenzi cyane bigomba gusuzumwa? Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'ikigo? Cyangwa ni ayahe makuru y'ingenzi cyane?
Kuri twe, ihame rya mbere ni itsinda ryiza n'ikoranabuhanga rikomeye.
Ku bigo byinshi bikiri mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bikorera mu ruganda rw’ibinyabuzima, biragoye cyane kugaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byabo bifite akamaro hakiri kare. Ariko niho tugira inama ibigo byinshi bishya kwibanda no gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi. Niba ibi ari ibinyabuzima, iyo urebye uburyo bizagenda neza mu ruganda, bizaba bikora ahantu hagoye cyane kandi hahindagurika. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukora ibizamini bikwiye hamwe n’igenzura ryiza ryashyizweho muri laboratwari cyangwa mu cyumba cyo gukuramo umusaruro hakiri kare. Ibi bizamini bishobora kukubwira uburyo ibicuruzwa bikora mu bihe byiza cyane, ari nabyo amakuru y'ingenzi ugomba gukora hakiri kare mbere yo gutera intambwe ihenze yo kugera ku igerageza rya hegitari nini utazi verisiyo nziza y’ibicuruzwa byawe.
Iyo urebye ibicuruzwa by’ibinyabuzima uyu munsi, ku bigo bishya bishaka gukorana na Bayer, itsinda ryacu rya Open Innovation Strategic Partnership rifite amakuru yihariye dushaka niba dushaka kuyakoresha.
Ariko cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ishoramari, gushaka ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko hari icyo bitanga, kugira igenzura ryiza, ndetse no kugenzura neza imikorere myiza mu bucuruzi, nibyo twifuza cyane.
Bitwara igihe kingana iki kuva ku bushakashatsi n'iterambere kugeza ku bucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi bw'ibinyabuzima? Ni gute iki gihe cyagabanywa?
Ndifuza kuvuga ko hari igihe nyacyo bifata. Ku bijyanye n'ibyo, maze imyaka myinshi nreba ibinyabuzima kuva Monsanto na Novozymes bafatanyaga mu miyoboro minini yo kuvumbura mikorobe ku isi. Muri icyo gihe, hari amasosiyete nka Agradis na AgriQuest, yose yageragezaga kuba abambere mu gukurikiza iyo nzira y'amategeko, agira ati: "Bidutwara imyaka ine. Bidutwara itandatu. Bidutwara umunani." Mu by'ukuri, nakwifuza kuguha ubwoko butandukanye kuruta umubare runaka. Kubwibyo, ufite ibicuruzwa kuva ku myaka itanu kugeza ku munani kugira ngo bigere ku isoko.
Kandi ku bijyanye n'urugero rwawe, kugira ngo ugire imiterere mishya, bishobora gufata imyaka igera ku icumi kandi bishobora gutwara arenga miliyoni 100 z'amadolari. Cyangwa ushobora gutekereza ku gicuruzwa cya shimi cy’ubukorano gikingira ibihingwa kimara hafi imyaka icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'ibiri n'amadolari arenga miliyoni 250. Rero muri iki gihe, ibinyabuzima ni ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bishobora kugera ku isoko vuba.
Ariko, urwego rw'amategeko rukomeje gutera imbere muri uru rwego. Narugereranije n'ubutabire bw'ibihingwa mbere. Hari amabwiriza yihariye yo gupima ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije n'ibipimo by'uburozi, ndetse no gupima ingaruka z'ibisigazwa by'igihe kirekire.
Iyo dutekereje ku binyabuzima, ni ibinyabuzima bigoye cyane, kandi gupima ingaruka zabyo z'igihe kirekire biragoye gato kubikemura, kuko binyura mu bihe by'ubuzima n'urupfu ugereranije n'ibikomoka kuri chimie by'ubukorano, ari byo bintu bidashobora gupimwa mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe cyo kwangirika kwabyo. Bityo rero, tuzakenera gukora inyigo z'abaturage mu myaka mike kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza uko izi gahunda zikora.
Imvugo nziza natanga ni uko iyo utekereje igihe tugiye kwinjiza ibinyabuzima bishya mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, hari inyungu n'ingaruka byabyo mu gihe gito, ariko hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho mu gihe kirekire ugomba gupima uko igihe kigenda gihita. Si kera cyane twashyize Kudzu (Pueraria montana) muri Amerika (1870) hanyuma tuyishyira ku isoko mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1900 nk'igihingwa cyiza cyo gukoresha mu kurwanya isuri bitewe n'umuvuduko wayo wo gukura vuba. Ubu Kudzu yiganje mu gice kinini cy'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ikwirakwira mu moko menshi y'ibimera bibamo, ikabyiba urumuri n'intungamubiri. Iyo tubonye mikorobe 'ikomera' cyangwa 'ihuza' tukayishyiramo, tugomba gusobanukirwa neza uburyo ihuza n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruriho.
Turacyari mu ntangiriro zo gukora ibyo bipimo, ariko hari amasosiyete mashya atari ishoramari ryacu, ariko nabyishimira cyane. Solena Ag, Pattern Ag na Trace Genomics barimo gukora isesengura ry’ubutaka bwa metagenomic kugira ngo basobanukirwe amoko yose aba mu butaka. Kandi ubu tumaze gupima aya moko mu buryo buhoraho, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza ingaruka z’igihe kirekire zo kwinjiza ibinyabuzima muri iyo mikorobe isanzweho.
Hakenewe ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa ku bahinzi, kandi ibinyabuzima bitanga igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro cyongerwa ku bikoresho by'abahinzi bifashisha mu gukwirakwiza umusaruro. Hari icyizere cyo kugabanya igihe kuva ku bushakashatsi n'iterambere kugeza ku bucuruzi, icyizere cyanjye ku kigo gishya cy'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ndetse n'ubufatanye bw'abakinnyi bakomeye mu bijyanye n'amategeko ni uko bitakomeza gushishikariza no gushishikariza kwinjira kw'ibi bicuruzwa mu nganda gusa, ahubwo binakomeza kuzamura amahame ngenderwaho yo kubipima. Ndatekereza ko icyo dushyira imbere ku bicuruzwa by'ubuhinzi ari uko bifite umutekano kandi bikora neza. Ndatekereza ko tuzabona inzira y'ibicuruzwa ku binyabuzima ikomeza gutera imbere.
Ni izihe nzira z'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka ku buhinzi bikomoka ku binyabuzima?
Hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi tubona muri rusange: Kimwe kiri mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'umubiri, ikindi kiri mu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa.
Ku ruhande rw'uturemangingo, icyagiye kigaragara mu mateka ni ugukurikirana ibintu byinshi no gutoranya mikorobe zisanzwe zigomba kongera gushyirwa mu zindi sisitemu. Ndatekereza ko icyo tubona muri iki gihe ari ukurushaho kunoza mikorobe no kuzihindura kugira ngo zigire akamaro gashoboka mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
Icyerekezo cya kabiri ni ukureka gukoresha imiti y’ibinyabuzima mu gutera imbuto ku biti cyangwa mu biti bito. Iyo ushobora kuvura imbuto, biroroha kugera ku isoko ryagutse, kandi ushobora gufatanya n’ibigo byinshi by’imbuto kugira ngo babigereho. Twabonye iyo myumvire muri Pivot Bio, kandi dukomeje kubibona no mu bindi bigo byaba ibyo mu kigo cyacu no hanze yacyo.
Amasosiyete menshi mashya yibanda ku mikorobe kugira ngo akoreshwe mu buryo butandukanye. Ni izihe ngaruka zigira ku zindi koranabuhanga mu buhinzi, nko guhinga neza, guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo, ubwenge bw’ubukorano (AI) n’ibindi?
Nakunze iki kibazo. Ndatekereza ko igisubizo cyiza dushobora gutanga ari uko tutaramenya neza. Ndavuga ibi ku bijyanye n'isesengura rimwe na rimwe twasuzumye rigamije gupima imikoranire hagati y'ibikomoka ku buhinzi bitandukanye. Ibi byabaye mu myaka irenga itandatu ishize, bityo bikaba ari ibya kera gato. Ariko icyo twagerageje kureba ni uku guhurirana kose, nka mikorobe ziterwa na germplasm, germplasm ziterwa na fungicides n'ingaruka z'ikirere kuri germplasm, kandi twagerageje gusobanukirwa ibi bintu byose bifite ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibimera n'uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umurima. Kandi umusaruro w'iryo sesengura ni uko hejuru ya 60% by'impinduka mu mikorere y'umurima byaterwaga n'ikirere, ikintu tudashobora kugenzura.
Ku bindi bisigaye, gusobanukirwa imikoranire y’ibyo bicuruzwa niho tugifite icyizere, kuko hari uburyo amasosiyete ateza imbere ikoranabuhanga ashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Urugero ruri mu nyandiko zacu. Iyo urebye Sound Agriculture, icyo bakora ni umusaruro wa biochimie, kandi iyo chimie ikora kuri mikorobe zifata azote ziba mu butaka mu buryo busanzwe. Hari andi masosiyete muri iki gihe arimo guteza imbere cyangwa kongera ubwoko bushya bwa mikorobe zifata azote. Ibi bicuruzwa bishobora kuba ingirakamaro uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigakomeza gufasha gukusanya byinshi no kugabanya ingano y’ifumbire mvaruganda ikenewe mu murima. Nta gicuruzwa na kimwe twabonye ku isoko gishobora gusimbura 100% by’ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire ya CAN uyu munsi cyangwa ndetse na 50% kuri iyo ngingo. Bizaba ari uruvange rw’ubu buryo bushya buzatuyobora muri iyi nzira ishobora kuzaza.
Kubwibyo, ndatekereza ko turi mu ntangiriro gusa, kandi iki ni ikintu nacyo tugomba kugisobanura, niyo mpamvu nkunda ikibazo.
Nabivuze mbere, ariko ndasubiramo ko ikindi kibazo dukunda kubona ari uko ibigo bishya bigomba kureba cyane mu gupima mu buryo bwiza bw'ubuhinzi n'ibidukikije. Niba mfite umuti w'ibinyabuzima nkajya mu murima, ariko nkaba ntapimye imbuto nziza umuhinzi yagura, cyangwa nkaba ntawupimye ku bufatanye n'umuti w'ibihumyo umuhinzi yatera kugira ngo wirinde indwara, ubwo sinzi uko uyu muti ushobora gukora kuko umuti w'ibihumyo ushobora kuba ufite isano inyuranye n'uwo muti w'ibinyabuzima. Twabibonye mu bihe byashize.
Turi mu ntangiriro zo kugerageza ibi byose, ariko ndatekereza ko turimo kubona ahantu hamwe na hamwe hagaragara ubufatanye n'amakimbirane hagati y'ibicuruzwa. Turimo kwiga uko igihe kigenda gihita, ari na cyo gice gikomeye kuri ibi!
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 12-2023