Gusimbuka kwa Bayer, imbaraga zishoramari za Bayer AG, zirimo gushora imari mumakipe kugirango agere ku ntera ishimishije mu binyabuzima no mu bindi bumenyi bw'ubuzima. Mu myaka umunani ishize, isosiyete imaze gushora miliyari zisaga 1.7 z'amadolari mu mishinga irenga 55.
PJ Amini, Umuyobozi mukuru muri Leaps na Bayer kuva mu 2019, aratanga ibitekerezo ku ishoramari ry’isosiyete mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibigezweho mu nganda z’ibinyabuzima.
Gusimbuka kwa Bayer gushora imari mu bigo byinshi bitanga umusaruro urambye mu myaka mike ishize. Ni izihe nyungu izo shoramari zizana Bayer?
Imwe mumpamvu zituma dukora ishoramari nukureba aho dushobora gusanga ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikorera mubice byubushakashatsi tutakoraho ubundi murukuta rwacu. Itsinda rya Bayer Crop Science R&D rikoresha $ 2.9B buri mwaka imbere mubushobozi bwaryo bwite ku isi R&D, ariko haracyari byinshi bibera hanze yinkuta zayo.
Urugero rwa kimwe mu ishoramari ryacu ni CoverCress, igira uruhare mu gutunganya gene no gushyiraho igihingwa gishya, PennyCress, gisarurwa kuri gahunda nshya yo gutanga amavuta ya karubone nkeya, bigatuma abahinzi bahinga imyaka mu gihe cy’itumba hagati y'ibigori na soya. Kubwibyo, ni byiza mubukungu kubuhinzi, gushiraho isoko irambye ya peteroli, ifasha kuzamura ubuzima bwubutaka, kandi inatanga ikintu cyuzuza imikorere yabahinzi, nibindi bicuruzwa byubuhinzi twatanze muri Bayer. Gutekereza uburyo ibyo bicuruzwa birambye bikora muri sisitemu yagutse ni ngombwa.
Niba urebye bimwe mubindi bishoramari byacu mumwanya utomoye, dufite ibigo, nkubuhinzi bwa Guardian na Rantizo, bireba uburyo bunoze bwo gukoresha tekinoloji yo kurinda ibihingwa. Ibi byuzuza Bayer wenyine kurinda ibihingwa kandi bikanatanga ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bwo kurinda ibihingwa bigamije no gukoresha ingano yo hasi mugihe kizaza.
Iyo dushaka kumva neza ibicuruzwa nuburyo bikorana nubutaka, kugira ibigo twashoye imari, nka ChrysaLabs, ikorera muri Kanada, biduha kuranga neza ubutaka no gusobanukirwa. Kubwibyo, dushobora kwiga kubyerekeranye nibicuruzwa byacu, byaba imbuto, chimie, cyangwa ibinyabuzima, imikorere ifitanye isano nubutaka bwubutaka. Ugomba kuba ushobora gupima ubutaka, ibinyabuzima byombi nibinyabuzima.
Andi masosiyete, nk'Ubuhinzi Bwiza cyangwa Andes, arashaka kugabanya ifumbire mvaruganda no gufata karubone, yuzuza portfolio yagutse ya Bayer muri iki gihe.
Iyo ushora imari muri bio-ag, ni ubuhe buryo bw'ibi bigo ari ngombwa gusuzuma? Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwikigo? Cyangwa ni ayahe makuru akomeye cyane?
Kuri twe, ihame rya mbere nitsinda rikomeye nikoranabuhanga rikomeye.
Kubigo byinshi byambere-ag-tekinoroji ikora mumwanya wa bio, biragoye cyane kwerekana umusaruro wibicuruzwa byabo hakiri kare. Ariko ako ni agace tugira inama abitangira benshi kwibandaho no gukora imbaraga zitari nke. Niba ibi ari biologiya, iyo urebye uko bizagenda mumurima, bigiye kuba bikora mubidukikije bigoye kandi bifite imbaraga. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gukora ibizamini bikwiye hamwe nigenzura ryiza ryashyizwe muri laboratoire cyangwa icyumba cyo gukura hakiri kare. Ibi bizamini birashobora kukubwira uburyo ibicuruzwa bikora mubihe byiza cyane, namakuru yingenzi yo kubyara hakiri kare mbere yo gutera iyo ntambwe ihenze yo gutera imbere mugace ka hegitari nini yumurima utazi verisiyo nziza yibicuruzwa byawe.
Niba urebye ibicuruzwa biologiya uyumunsi, kubatangiye bashaka gufatanya na Bayer, itsinda ryacu rya Open Innovation Strategic Partnership rifite mubyukuri ibisubizo byamakuru dushakisha niba dushaka kwishora.
Ariko uhereye kumurongo wishoramari byumwihariko, gushakisha izo ngingo zerekana neza no kugira igenzura ryiza, kimwe no kugenzura neza ibikorwa byubucuruzi byiza, nibyo dushakisha rwose.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kuva R&D kugeza mubucuruzi kugirango biologiya agri-yinjire? Nigute iki gihe gishobora kugabanywa?
Icyampa nkavuga ko hari igihe nyacyo gifata. Kubireba, Narebye ibinyabuzima kuva kera Monsanto na Novozymes bafatanyaga numuyoboro munini wavumbuwe na mikorobe ku isi mu myaka itari mike. Muri icyo gihe, hari ibigo, nka Agradis na AgriQuest, byose byagerageje kuba abapayiniya mu gukurikira iyo nzira igenga, bavuga, ″ Bidutwara imyaka ine. Biradutwara bitandatu. Bifata umunani. ″ Mubyukuri byose, nahitamo kuguha intera kuruta umubare runaka. Kubwibyo, ufite ibicuruzwa kuva kumyaka itanu kugeza umunani kugirango ugere kumasoko.
Kandi kubigereranyo byawe, kugirango utezimbere imico mishya, birashobora gufata imyaka icumi kandi birashoboka ko bizatwara miliyoni zirenga 100 $. Cyangwa urashobora gutekereza kubijyanye no kurinda ibihingwa bya chimie chimique itwara hafi imyaka icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'ibiri na miliyoni zirenga 250 $. Uyu munsi rero, ibinyabuzima nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa bishobora kugera ku isoko byihuse.
Nyamara, urwego rwubuyobozi rukomeje guhinduka muri uyu mwanya. Nabigereranije no kurinda ibihingwa bya chimie mbere. Hano haribintu byihariye byo kwipimisha hafi yibidukikije no gupima uburozi hamwe nubuziranenge, hamwe no gupima ingaruka zigihe kirekire.
Niba dutekereje ku binyabuzima, ni ibinyabuzima bigoye cyane, kandi gupima ingaruka zabyo z'igihe kirekire biragoye gato kubikora, kuko binyura mubuzima bwurupfu nurupfu rwibicuruzwa bya chimie sintetike, nuburyo budasanzwe bushobora gupimwa byoroshye mugihe cyacyo cyo kwangirika. Tugomba rero gukora ubushakashatsi bwabaturage mumyaka mike kugirango twumve neza uburyo sisitemu ikora.
Ikigereranyo cyiza nshobora gutanga nuko niba utekereza mugihe tugiye kwinjiza ibinyabuzima bishya mubidukikije, burigihe hariho inyungu ningaruka byigihe gito, ariko burigihe harigihe ingaruka zishobora kubaho igihe kirekire cyangwa inyungu ugomba gupima mugihe runaka. Ntabwo byari kera cyane twamenyesheje Kudzu (Pueraria montana) muri Amerika (1870) hanyuma tuvuga ko mu ntangiriro ya za 1900 ari igihingwa kinini cyakoreshwa mu kurwanya isuri kubera umuvuduko wacyo wihuse. Ubu Kudzu yiganjemo igice kinini cy’amajyepfo y’amajyepfo y’Amerika kandi ikubiyemo amoko menshi y’ibimera bisanzwe bituwe, bikababuza kubona urumuri nintungamubiri. Iyo tubonye mikorobe 'idashobora' cyangwa 'symbiotic' tukayimenyekanisha, dukeneye gusobanukirwa neza na symbiose yayo hamwe nibidukikije bihari.
Turacyari muminsi yambere yo gukora ibyo bipimo, ariko hariho ibigo bitangiza hanze bitari ishoramari ryacu, ariko nishimiye kubahamagara. Solena Ag, Pattern Ag na Trace Genomics barimo gukora isesengura ryubutaka bwa metagenomic kugirango bumve amoko yose aboneka mubutaka. Noneho ubu ko dushobora gupima aba baturage muburyo budasubirwaho, dushobora kumva neza ingaruka ndende zo kwinjiza ibinyabuzima muri iyo mikorobe ihari.
Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birakenewe kubuhinzi, kandi ibinyabuzima bitanga igikoresho cyingirakamaro kongerwa mubikoresho bigari byinjiza abahinzi. Buri gihe hariho ibyiringiro byo kugabanya igihe kuva R&D kugeza mubucuruzi, ibyiringiro byanjye kuri Ag gutangiza no gushyiraho abakinnyi benshi bifatanya n’ibidukikije bigenzurwa ni uko bidakomeza gusa gushishikariza no gushishikarira kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byihuse mu nganda, ariko kandi bikomeza kuzamura ibipimo by’ibizamini. Ndibwira ko icyo dushyize imbere mubicuruzwa byubuhinzi ari uko bifite umutekano kandi bigakora neza. Ndibwira ko tuzabona inzira y'ibicuruzwa kubinyabuzima bikomeje kugenda bihinduka.
Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi muri R&D no gushyira mu bikorwa ibinyabuzima byinjira mu buhinzi?
Hashobora kubaho inzira ebyiri zingenzi dusanzwe tubona. Imwe iri muri genetics, indi iri muburyo bwa tekinoroji.
Kuruhande rwa genetics, niki cyabonye amateka yagiye akurikirana hamwe no gutoranya mikorobe isanzwe ibaho igomba gusubizwa mubindi sisitemu. Ndibwira ko inzira turimo tubona uyumunsi irenze kubijyanye no gukoresha mikorobe no guhindura mikorobe kugirango bizakorwe neza bishoboka mubihe bimwe.
Icyerekezo cya kabiri ni ukugenda kure yibibabi cyangwa muri-furrow ikoreshwa ryibinyabuzima bigana kuvura imbuto. Niba ushobora kuvura imbuto, biroroshye kugera ku isoko ryagutse, kandi urashobora gufatanya namasosiyete menshi yimbuto kubikora. Twabonye iyo nzira hamwe na Pivot Bio, kandi dukomeje kubibona hamwe nandi masosiyete haba imbere no hanze yinshingano zacu.
Benshi mubatangiye bibanda kuri mikorobe kubicuruzwa byabo. Ni izihe ngaruka zifatika bafite hamwe nubundi buhanga bwubuhinzi, nkubuhinzi bwuzuye, gutunganya gene, ubwenge bwubukorikori (AI) nibindi?
Nishimiye iki kibazo. Ntekereza ko igisubizo cyiza dushobora gutanga ari uko tutaramenya neza. Ibi nzabivuga kubijyanye nisesengura twarebye rigamije gupima imikoranire hagati y’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byinjira mu buhinzi. Ibi byari bimaze imyaka irenga itandatu, bityo rero ni itariki. Ariko icyo twagerageje kureba ni imikoranire yose, nka mikorobe na germplasm, germplasm na fungicide hamwe ningaruka zikirere kuri germplasm, kandi tugerageza kumva ibyo bintu byose bitandukanye nuburyo byagize ingaruka kumikorere yumurima. Kandi ibyavuye muri iryo sesengura ni uko hejuru ya 60% byimpinduka mumikorere yumurima byatewe nikirere, nikintu tudashobora kugenzura.
Kubindi bisigaye bihinduka, gusobanukirwa imikoranire yibicuruzwa niho tugifite ibyiringiro, kuko hari aho usanga ibigo biteza imbere ikoranabuhanga bishobora kugira ingaruka nini. Kandi urugero ruri mubyukuri. Iyo urebye Ubuhinzi Bwiza, ibyo bakora nibicuruzwa byibinyabuzima, kandi chimie ikora kuri azote ikosora mikorobe isanzwe iboneka mubutaka. Hariho andi masosiyete muri iki gihe arimo atezimbere cyangwa azamura ubwoko bushya bwa azote ikosora mikorobe. Ibicuruzwa birashobora guhinduka mugihe runaka, bikarushaho gufasha gukurikira no kugabanya ingano yifumbire mvaruganda isabwa mumurima. Ntabwo twabonye igicuruzwa kimwe ku isoko gishobora gusimbuza 100% ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa muri iki gihe cyangwa na 50% kuri icyo kibazo. Bizaba bihujwe nubuhanga bugezweho buzatuyobora muriyi nzira ishobora kubaho.
Kubwibyo, ndatekereza ko turi mu ntangiriro, kandi iyi ni ingingo yo gukora, kandi niyo mpamvu nkunda ikibazo.
Nabivuze mbere, ariko nzongera gushimangira ko izindi mbogamizi dukunze kubona ari uko abatangiye bakeneye kureba cyane mugupimisha mubikorwa byiza bigezweho hamwe nibidukikije. Niba mfite ibinyabuzima nkasohoka mu murima, ariko ntabwo ndimo kugerageza ku mbuto nziza umuhinzi yagura, cyangwa sinagerageza ku bufatanye na fungiside umuhinzi yatera kugira ngo akingire indwara, ubwo rero sinzi neza uko iki gicuruzwa gishobora gukora kuko fungiside ishobora kuba ifitanye isano rirwanya icyo kintu cy’ibinyabuzima. Twabonye ko kera.
Turi muminsi yambere yo kugerageza ibi byose, ariko ndatekereza ko tubona uduce tumwe na tumwe two guhuza no kurwanya ibicuruzwa. Turimo kwiga igihe, nikigice kinini kuriyi!
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-12-2023