Ni izihe ngaruka ku bigo byinjira ku isoko rya Brezili ku bicuruzwa by’ibinyabuzima n’uburyo bushya bwo gushyigikira politiki

Isoko ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi muri Brezili ryakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu myaka yashize. Mu rwego rwo kongera ubumenyi ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, gukundwa kw’ibitekerezo by’ubuhinzi burambye, no gushyigikira politiki za leta, Brezili igenda iba ikigo cy’ingenzi cy’isoko n’udushya ku bikomoka ku buhinzi ku isi, ikurura amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’ibikomoka ku buhinzi kugira ngo atangize ibikorwa byayo muri icyo gihugu.

Uko isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko muri Brezili rihagaze ubu

Mu 2023, ubuso bw'ibihingwa bya Brezili bwageze kuri hegitari miliyoni 81.82, muri zo igihingwa kinini ni soya, kigize 52% by'ubuso bwose bwatewe, hagakurikiraho ibigori by'itumba, ibisheke n'ibigori byo mu mpeshyi. Ku butaka bunini buhingwa, Breziliimiti yica udukokoIsoko ryageze kuri miliyari 20 z'amadolari y'Amerika (ikoreshwa mu buhinzi gusa) mu 2023, aho imiti yica udukoko ya soya ari yo ifite agaciro kanini ku isoko (58%) kandi ikaba ari yo soko ryiyongera cyane mu myaka itatu ishize.

Igice cy’imiti yica udukoko ku isoko rusange ry’imiti yica udukoko muri Brezili kiracyari hasi cyane, ariko kirimo kwiyongera vuba cyane, kiva kuri 1% muri 2018 kikagera kuri 4% muri 2023 mu myaka itanu gusa, aho igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imiti ku mwaka cya 38%, kirenze kure igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bwa 12% by’imiti yica udukoko.

Mu 2023, isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko mu gihugu ryageze ku isoko rya miliyoni 800 z’amadolari ku isoko ry’abahinzi. Muri byo, mu rwego rw’icyiciro, imiti yica udukoko mu binyabuzima ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa (bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri soya n’ibisheke); Icyiciro cya kabiri kinini niimiti yica udukoko mu binyabuzima, hagakurikiraho udukoko n'ibikomoka ku bimera; Agaciro ka CAGR kari hejuru cyane ku isoko mu gihe cya 2018-2023 ni urw'ibimera birwanya udukoko, kugeza kuri 52%. Ku bijyanye n'ibihingwa bikoreshwa, umugabane w'ibimera birwanya udukoko bya soya ku isoko ryose ni wo uri hejuru cyane, ugera kuri 55% muri 2023; Muri icyo gihe, soya nayo ni igihingwa gifite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha ibimera birwanya udukoko, aho 88% by'ubuso bwabyo bwakoreshejwe muri 2023. Ibigori by'imbeho n'ibisheke ni byo bihingwa bya kabiri n'ibya gatatu bifite agaciro kanini ku isoko. Agaciro k'ibi bihingwa ku isoko kiyongereye mu myaka itatu ishize.

Hari itandukaniro mu byiciro by'ingenzi by'imiti yica udukoko kuri ibi bihingwa by'ingenzi. Agaciro kanini k'imiti yica udukoko ku isoko ni imiti yica udukoko ya soya, ikaba ingana na 43% muri 2023. Ibyiciro by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu bigori by'itumba n'ibigori byo mu mpeshyi ni imiti yica udukoko yangiza ibinyabuzima, ikaba ingana na 66% na 75% by'agaciro k'imiti yica udukoko yangiza ibinyabuzima ku isoko mu bwoko bubiri bw'ibihingwa, (cyane cyane mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza inyamaswa). Icyiciro kinini cy'ibicuruzwa by'ibisheke ni imiti yica udukoko yangiza ibinyabuzima, ikaba ingana na kimwe cya kabiri cy'isoko ry'imiti yica udukoko yangiza ibinyabuzima.

Ku bijyanye n'ubuso bw'ikoreshwa, imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza ibintu icyenda bikoreshwa cyane, igipimo cy'ubuso bw'ikoreshwa ku bihingwa bitandukanye, n'ubuso bw'ikoreshwa mu mwaka umwe. Muri byo, Trichoderma ni cyo kintu kinini gikoreshwa, gikoreshwa mu bihingwa bigera kuri hegitari miliyoni 8.87 ku mwaka, ahanini mu buhinzi bwa soya. Ibi byakurikiwe na Beauveria bassiana (hegitari miliyoni 6.845), yakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu bigori by'itumba. Ibi bintu umunani muri ibyo icyenda by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu bigori birwanya ibinyabuzima, kandi parasitoids ni zo dukoko twonyine tw'umwanzi karemano (twose dukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw'ibisheke). Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma ibi bintu bicuruzwa neza:

Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana na Bacillus amylus: ibigo birenga 50 bitanga umusaruro, bitanga isoko ryiza kandi bigatanga umusaruro;

Rhodospore: ubwiyongere bugaragara, ahanini buterwa no kwiyongera kw'impyisi z'ibigori, ubuso bungana na hegitari miliyoni 11 mu 2021, na hegitari miliyoni 30 mu 2024 ku bigori by'itumba;

Inyoni ziterwa n'udukoko: zifite aho zihagaze igihe kirekire ku bisheke, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya ishoka ry'ibisheke;

Metarhizium anisopliae: Ikura ryihuse, ahanini riterwa no kwiyongera kw'iminyo no guhagarika kwandikwa kwa karubofuran (ikinyabutabire cy'ingenzi mu kurwanya iminyo).